Publications
Publications
- 2005
- HBS Working Paper Series
Direct versus Indirect Colonial Rule in India: Long-term Consequences
By: Lakshmi Iyer
Abstract
This paper compares economic outcomes across areas in India which were under direct British colonial rule with areas which were under indirect colonial rule. Controlling for selective annexation using a specific policy rule, I find that areas which experienced direct rule have significantly lower levels of access to schools, health centers and roads in the post-colonial period. I find evidence that the quality of governance in the colonial period has a significant persistent effect on post-colonial outcomes.
Keywords
Citation
Iyer, Lakshmi. "Direct versus Indirect Colonial Rule in India: Long-term Consequences." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 05-041, January 2005. (Revised November 2008.)