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  • February 1997 (Revised July 2001)
  • Background Note
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Introduction to Activity-Based Costing

By: Robert S. Kaplan
  • Format:Print
  • | Pages:14
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Abstract

Introduces the fundamental notions of activity-based costing (ABC). Motivates ABC by means of a simple example, a single and a diversified pen factory. Proceeds to show how ABC assigns costs more accurately to products and customers by: 1) identifying the activities being performed by organizational resources; 2) assigning resource costs to the activities; 3) identifying all the products, services, and customers of the organization; and 4) assigning activity costs to these outputs via activity cost drivers. Also covers activity attributes, such as the cost hierarchy, value and non-value added, and business processes, as well as different types of activity cost drivers: transaction, duration, and intensity. Closes with the admonition to balance the benefits from more accurate cost estimates with the cost of developing an appropriate activity-based cost system.

Keywords

Activity Based Costing and Management

Citation

Kaplan, Robert S. "Introduction to Activity-Based Costing." Harvard Business School Background Note 197-076, February 1997. (Revised July 2001.)
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About The Author

Robert S. Kaplan

Accounting and Management
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  • We Need Better Carbon Accounting. Here's How to Get There. By: Robert S. Kaplan and Karthik Ramanna
  • A Career Life-Cycle Perspective on Women's Health and Safety By: Robert S. Kaplan, Chizoba L. Chukwura, Gregory H. Gorman, Vivian S. Lee, Chester B. Good, Kathleen L. Martin, Gregory A. Ator and Michael D. Parkinson
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