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- July 2022
- Background Note
FIELD Immersion 2022: Lawrence, Massachusetts
By: Laura Alfaro and Tom Quinn
Alfaro, Laura, and Tom Quinn. "FIELD Immersion 2022: Lawrence, Massachusetts." Harvard Business School Background Note 322-108, July 2022.
- 2022
- Working Paper
Distributional Consequences of Monetary Policy Across Races: Evidence from the U.S. Credit Register
By: Laura Alfaro, Ester Faia and Camelia Minoiu
We examine the consequences of monetary policy on racial disparities, focusing on the role of bank lending to firms through collateral and selection channels. Leveraging comprehensive loan-level data from the U.S. credit register (Y-14Q) of the Federal Reserve, we show...
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Keywords:
Monetary Policy Transmission;
Inequity;
Credit Registry;
Wealth;
Collateral Channel;
Selection;
Racial Disparity;
Racial Inequality;
Equality and Inequality;
Banks and Banking;
Credit;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Banking Industry;
United States
Alfaro, Laura, Ester Faia, and Camelia Minoiu. "Distributional Consequences of Monetary Policy Across Races: Evidence from the U.S. Credit Register." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-068, April 2022.
- Article
Undisclosed Debt Sustainability
By: Laura Alfaro and Fabio Kanczuk
Over the past decade, non-Paris Club creditors, notably China, have become an important source of financing for low- and middle-income countries. In contrast with typical sovereign debt, these lending arrangements are not public, and other creditors have no information...
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Alfaro, Laura, and Fabio Kanczuk. "Undisclosed Debt Sustainability." AEA Papers and Proceedings 112 (May 2022): 521–525.
- March 2022 (Revised June 2022)
- Case
El Salvador: Launching Bitcoin as Legal Tender
By: Laura Alfaro, Carla Larangeira and Ruth Costas
In June 2021, Nayib Bukele, El Salvador’s president, surprised the world with the announcement that the country would adopt bitcoin as legal tender, becoming the first nation to do so. Bitcoin was mostly used for trading and had one of the most volatile track records...
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Keywords:
Bitcoin;
Cryptocurrency;
Currency;
Financial Strategy;
Economic Growth;
Governance;
Macroeconomics;
Assets;
Latin America;
El Salvador
Alfaro, Laura, Carla Larangeira, and Ruth Costas. "El Salvador: Launching Bitcoin as Legal Tender." Harvard Business School Case 322-055, March 2022. (Revised June 2022.)
- 2022
- Working Paper
Can Evidence-Based Information Shift Preferences Towards Trade Policy?
By: Laura Alfaro, Maggie X. Chen and Davin Chor
We investigate the role of evidence-based information in shaping individuals' preferences for trade policies through a series of survey experiments that contain randomized information treatments. Each information treatment provides a concise statement of...
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Alfaro, Laura, Maggie X. Chen, and Davin Chor. "Can Evidence-Based Information Shift Preferences Towards Trade Policy?" Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-062, March 2022.
- 2021
- Chapter
The Pandemic Can Be Used as a Cover for Wasteful Spending
By: Laura Alfaro
Alfaro, Laura. "The Pandemic Can Be Used as a Cover for Wasteful Spending." In Latin America: The Post-Pandemic Decade. Conversations with 16 Latin American Economists, edited by Ilan Goldfajn and Eduardo Levy Yeyati. London: CEPR Press, 2021.
- 2021
- Working Paper
Omnia Juncta in Uno: Foreign Powers and Trademark Protection in Shanghai's Concession Era
By: Laura Alfaro, Cathy Bao, Maggie X. Chen, Junjie Hong and Claudia Steinwender
We investigate how firms adapt to trademark protection, an extensively used but underexamined form of IP protection, by exploring a historical precedent: China’s trademark law of 1923—an unanticipated and disapproved response to end foreign privileges in China. By...
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Keywords:
Trademark;
Firm Dynamics;
Intermediaries;
Intellectual Property Institutions;
Trademarks;
Intellectual Property;
Laws and Statutes;
Outcome or Result;
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
China
Alfaro, Laura, Cathy Bao, Maggie X. Chen, Junjie Hong, and Claudia Steinwender. "Omnia Juncta in Uno: Foreign Powers and Trademark Protection in Shanghai's Concession Era." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-030, November 2021. (Revised January 2022.)
- October 2021
- Case
Deficits and Debt: The U.S. Current Account
By: Laura Alfaro and Richard Vietor
Alfaro, Laura, and Richard Vietor. "Deficits and Debt: The U.S. Current Account." Harvard Business School Case 322-044, October 2021.
- 2021
- Other Unpublished Work
Fiscal Policy at a Time of Polarization: Addressing Latin America’s Tough Dilemmas
By: Laura Alfaro, Guillermo Calvo, Augusto de la Torre, José de Gregorio, Roque Fernandez, Pablo Guidotti, Paulo Leme, Enrique Mendoza, Ernesto Talvi, Liliana Rojas-Suarez and Andrés Velasco
Alfaro, Laura, Guillermo Calvo, Augusto de la Torre, José de Gregorio, Roque Fernandez, Pablo Guidotti, Paulo Leme, Enrique Mendoza, Ernesto Talvi, Liliana Rojas-Suarez, and Andrés Velasco. "Fiscal Policy at a Time of Polarization: Addressing Latin America’s Tough Dilemmas." Comité Latinoamericano de Asuntos Financieros (CLAAF) Statement, No. 44, June 2021.
- 2021
- Working Paper
Currency Hedging: Managing Cash Flow Exposure
By: Laura Alfaro, Mauricio Calani and Liliana Varela
Foreign currency use can be a source of risk associated with currency mismatches, which firms can hedge using FX derivatives. This paper uncovers five novel facts about firms’ use of foreign currency (FX) derivatives employing a unique dataset covering the universe of...
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Alfaro, Laura, Mauricio Calani, and Liliana Varela. "Currency Hedging: Managing Cash Flow Exposure." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 28910, June 2021. (Revised July 2022.)
- 2020
- Working Paper
Currency Hedging in Emerging Markets: Managing Cash Flow Exposure
By: Laura Alfaro, Mauricio Calani and Liliana Varela
Foreign currency derivative markets are among the largest in the world, yet their role in emerging markets in particular, is relatively understudied. We study firms' currency risk exposure and their hedging choices by employing a unique dataset covering the universe of...
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Keywords:
Foreign Currency Hedging;
FX Derivatives;
Foreign Currency Debt;
Currency Mismatch;
Trade Credit;
Currency;
Cash Flow;
Emerging Markets
Alfaro, Laura, Mauricio Calani, and Liliana Varela. "Currency Hedging in Emerging Markets: Managing Cash Flow Exposure." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-096, March 2021.
- March 2021
- Article
On the Direct and Indirect Real Effects of Credit Supply Shocks
By: Laura Alfaro, Manuel García-Santana and Enrique Moral-Benito
We explore the real effects of bank-lending shocks and how they permeate the economy through buyer-supplier linkages. We combine administrative data on all Spanish firms with a matched bank-firm-loan dataset of all corporate loans from 2003 to 2013 to estimate...
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Keywords:
Credit Supply Shocks;
Bank Lending Channel;
Input-output Linkages;
Output;
Mechanisms;
Trade Credits;
Price Effects;
Economics;
Credit;
System Shocks;
Employment;
Investment;
Spain
Alfaro, Laura, Manuel García-Santana, and Enrique Moral-Benito. "On the Direct and Indirect Real Effects of Credit Supply Shocks." Journal of Financial Economics 139, no. 3 (March 2021): 895–921.
- December 2020
- Teaching Note
Latam Airlines and COVID-19: Seeking Bankruptcy Protection in the United States
By: Laura Alfaro
- 2020
- Working Paper
Come Together: Firm Boundaries and Delegation
By: Laura Alfaro
We develop an incomplete-contracts model to jointly study firm boundaries and the allocation of decision rights within them. Integration has an option value: it gives firm owners authority to delegate or centralize decision rights, depending on who can best solve...
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Alfaro, Laura. "Come Together: Firm Boundaries and Delegation." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-050, October 2020.
- 2020
- Chapter
Reserve Accumulation, Sovereign Debt, and Exchange Rate Policy
By: Laura Alfaro and Fabio Kanczuk
In the past decade, foreign participation in local-currency bond markets in emerging countries increased dramatically. Additionally, emerging countries are increasingly deviating from inflation targeting regimes, managing their exchange rate and engaging in...
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Alfaro, Laura, and Fabio Kanczuk. "Reserve Accumulation, Sovereign Debt, and Exchange Rate Policy." In Asset Management at Central Banks and Monetary Authorities: New Practices in Managing International Foreign Exchange Reserves, edited by Jacob Bjorheim. Springer, 2020. (Book link.)
- August 2020 (Revised December 2020)
- Case
Latam Airlines and COVID-19: Seeking Bankruptcy Protection in the United States
By: Laura Alfaro, Mauricio Larrain, Carlos Vilches and Sarah Jeong
On May 26, 2020, Latam Airlines became the largest airline in the world to be driven to bankruptcy by COVID-19. With a complex debt structure and international investor composition, the company decided to file for bankruptcy protection in the United States, which...
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Keywords:
Airlines;
Pandemic;
Coronavirus Pandemic;
Health Pandemics;
Air Transportation;
Insolvency and Bankruptcy;
Capital Markets;
Strategy;
Latin America;
Chile;
United States
Alfaro, Laura, Mauricio Larrain, Carlos Vilches, and Sarah Jeong. "Latam Airlines and COVID-19: Seeking Bankruptcy Protection in the United States." Harvard Business School Case 321-027, August 2020. (Revised December 2020.)
- 2020
- Other Unpublished Work
The COVID-19 Attack on Latin America: Proposals for an Effective Response
By: Laura Alfaro, Guillermo Calvo, Augusto de la Torre, Jose de Gregorio, Roque Benjamin Fernandez, Pablo Guidotti, Paulo Leme, Enrique Mendoza, Liliana Rojas-Suarez and Andres Velasco
Alfaro, Laura, Guillermo Calvo, Augusto de la Torre, Jose de Gregorio, Roque Benjamin Fernandez, Pablo Guidotti, Paulo Leme, Enrique Mendoza, Liliana Rojas-Suarez, and Andres Velasco. "The COVID-19 Attack on Latin America: Proposals for an Effective Response." Comité Latinoamericano de Asuntos Financieros (CLAAF) Statement, No. 43, July 2020.
- July 2020
- Teaching Note
COVID-19: The Global Shutdown
By: Laura Alfaro and Sarah Jeong
In the first months of 2020, a pandemic overwhelmed the world. COVID-19, commonly known as the coronavirus, spread from China and created a severe public health emergency across countries. While an immediate fear of the disease’s impact on human life permeaacted...
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- 2020
- Working Paper
EMEs and COVID-19: Shutting Down in a World of Informal and Tiny Firms
By: Laura Alfaro, Oscar Becerra and Marcela Eslava
Emerging economies are characterized by an extremely high prevalence of informality, small-firm employment and jobs not fit for working from home. These features factor into how the COVID-19 crisis has affected the economy. We develop a framework that, based on...
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Keywords:
COVID-19;
Emerging Economies;
Informality;
Firm-size Distribution;
Health Pandemics;
Developing Countries and Economies;
Economy;
System Shocks;
Latin America
Alfaro, Laura, Oscar Becerra, and Marcela Eslava. "EMEs and COVID-19: Shutting Down in a World of Informal and Tiny Firms." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-125, June 2020. (See application of the methodology to Latin American Countries in the IMF Regional Economic Outlook: Western Hemisphere 2020, Chapter 3. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/REO/WH/Issues/2020/10/13/regional-economic-outlook-western-hemisphere.)
- Jun 2020
- Panel Discussion
COVID-19 in Africa: Reflections, Challenges and Next Steps
By: John D. Macomber, Mattias Fibiger, Hakeem Belo-Osagie, Shikhar Ghosh, Anywhere Sikochi, Laura Alfaro, Euvin Naidoo and Suraj Srinivasan
In June 2020, the Africa Research Center hosted a four-part webinar series titled COVID-19: Reflections, Challenges and Next Steps. The series brought together alumni and friends from across Africa and provided the opportunity to get to know HBS professors who are...
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Macomber, John D., Mattias Fibiger, Hakeem Belo-Osagie, Shikhar Ghosh, Anywhere Sikochi, Laura Alfaro, Euvin Naidoo, and Suraj Srinivasan. "COVID-19 in Africa: Reflections, Challenges and Next Steps." Harvard Business School Africa Research Center, June 2020.