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All HBS Web
(1,755)
- Faculty Publications (386)
- 2020
- Article
Research on Corporate Sustainability: Review and Directions for Future Research
By: Jody Grewal and George Serafeim
We review the literature on corporate sustainability and provide directions for future research. Our review focuses on three actions: measuring, managing and communicating corporate sustainability performance. Measurement is the least developed of the three and...
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Keywords:
Sustainability;
Sustainability Reporting;
Sustainability Management;
Nonfinancial Disclosure;
Nonfinancial Information;
Nonfinancial Performance;
Materiality;
ESG;
ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) Performance;
ESG Disclosure;
ESG Disclosure Metrics;
ESG Ratings;
ESG Reporting;
Inequality;
Corporate Social Responsibility;
Accounting;
Finance;
Management;
Strategy;
Environmental Sustainability;
Climate Change;
Diversity;
Equality and Inequality;
Corporate Disclosure;
Measurement and Metrics;
Corporate Governance;
Corporate Accountability;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact
Grewal, Jody, and George Serafeim. "Research on Corporate Sustainability: Review and Directions for Future Research." Foundations and Trends® in Accounting 14, no. 2 (2020): 73–127.
- September–October 2020
- Article
Social-Impact Efforts That Create Real Value
By: George Serafeim
Until the mid-2010s few investors paid attention to environmental, social, and governance (ESG) data—information about companies’ carbon footprints, labor policies, board makeup, and so forth. Today the data is widely used by investors. How can organizations create...
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Keywords:
Sustainability;
Sustainability Management;
ESG;
ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) Performance;
ESG Disclosure;
ESG Disclosure Metrics;
ESG Ratings;
ESG Reporting;
Social Impact;
Impact Measurement;
Social Innovation;
Purpose;
Corporate Purpose;
Corporate Social Responsibility;
Strategy;
Social Enterprise;
Society;
Accounting;
Investment;
Environmental Sustainability;
Climate Change;
Corporate Strategy;
Mission and Purpose;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Financial Services Industry;
Chemical Industry;
Technology Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Pharmaceutical Industry;
North America;
Europe;
Japan;
Australia
Serafeim, George. "Social-Impact Efforts That Create Real Value." Harvard Business Review 98, no. 5 (September–October 2020): 38–48.
- June 2020
- Case
Recovering Trust After Corporate Misconduct at Wells Fargo
By: Suraj Srinivasan and Jonah S. Goldberg
The case describes widespread misconduct at Wells Fargo Community Bank in the period leading up to 2017 and the company’s subsequent attempts to improve internal controls, company culture, and corporate governance. The case examines the potential causes of large scale...
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Keywords:
Corporate Misconduct;
Internal Controls;
Banks and Banking;
Crime and Corruption;
Corporate Governance;
Organizational Culture;
Governance Compliance;
Management Systems;
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Performance Improvement;
Governing and Advisory Boards
Srinivasan, Suraj, and Jonah S. Goldberg. "Recovering Trust After Corporate Misconduct at Wells Fargo." Harvard Business School Case 120-128, June 2020.
- June 2020
- Article
How Scheduling Can Bias Quality Assessment: Evidence from Food Safety Inspections
By: Maria Ibanez and Michael W. Toffel
Accuracy and consistency are critical for inspections to be an effective, fair, and useful tool for assessing risks, quality, and suppliers—and for making decisions based on those assessments. We examine how inspector schedules could introduce bias that erodes...
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Keywords:
Assessment;
Bias;
Inspection;
Scheduling;
Econometric Analysis;
Empirical Research;
Regulation;
Health;
Food;
Safety;
Quality;
Performance Consistency;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms
Ibanez, Maria, and Michael W. Toffel. "How Scheduling Can Bias Quality Assessment: Evidence from Food Safety Inspections." Management Science 66, no. 6 (June 2020): 2396–2416. (Revised February 2019. Featured in Harvard Business Review, Forbes, Food Safety Magazine, Food Safety News, and KelloggInsight. (2020 MSOM Responsible Research Finalist.))
- Article
Paper Versus Practice: A Field Investigation of Integrity Hotlines
By: Eugene Soltes
In an effort to motivate firms to more rapidly detect potential misconduct, legislators, regulators, and enforcement agencies incentivize firms to have integrity or “whistleblowing” hotlines. These hotlines provide individuals an opportunity to report alleged...
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Keywords:
Hotlines;
Compliance Programs;
Corporate Misconduct;
Governance Compliance;
Programs;
Performance
Soltes, Eugene. "Paper Versus Practice: A Field Investigation of Integrity Hotlines." Journal of Accounting Research 58, no. 2 (May 2020): 429–472.
- 2020
- Article
Public Sentiment and the Price of Corporate Sustainability
By: George Serafeim
Combining corporate sustainability performance scores based on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) data with big data measuring public sentiment about a company’s sustainability performance, I find that the valuation premium paid for companies with strong...
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Keywords:
Sustainability;
ESG;
ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) Performance;
Investment Management;
Investment Strategy;
Big Data;
Machine Learning;
Environment;
Environmental Sustainability;
Corporate Governance;
Performance;
Asset Pricing;
Investment;
Management;
Strategy;
Human Capital;
Public Opinion;
Value;
Analytics and Data Science
Serafeim, George. "Public Sentiment and the Price of Corporate Sustainability." Financial Analysts Journal 76, no. 2 (2020): 26–46.
- April 2020 (Revised April 2023)
- Supplement
TransDigm in 2017: The Beginning of the End or the End of the Beginning?
By: Benjamin C. Esty and Daniel Fisher
TransDigm was a highly acquisitive company that manufactured a wide range of highly engineered aerospace parts for both military and commercial customers. Over the ten years ending in 2016, its stock price had increase ten times, and both EBITDA and revenues had grown...
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- April 2020 (Revised April 2023)
- Case
TransDigm in 2017: The Beginning of the End or the End of the Beginning?
By: Benjamin C. Esty and Daniel Fisher
TransDigm was a highly acquisitive company that manufactured a wide range of highly engineered aerospace parts for both military and commercial customers. Over the ten years ending in 2016, its stock price had increased ten times, and both EBITDA and revenues had grown...
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Keywords:
Value Capturing;
Pricing Strategy;
Supplier Power;
Buyer Power;
Porter's Five Forces;
Bargaining Power;
Aerospace;
Acquisition Strategy;
Value Drivers;
Ethical Behavior;
Regulation;
Growth Strategy;
Business Ethics;
Defense;
Procurement;
Sustainability;
Value-Based Business Strategy;
Acquisition;
Ethics;
Private Equity;
Financial Strategy;
Growth Management;
Performance Evaluation;
Business Strategy;
Competitive Strategy;
Horizontal Integration;
Value Creation;
Competitive Advantage;
Monopoly;
Aerospace Industry;
Air Transportation Industry;
United States
Esty, Benjamin C., and Daniel Fisher. "TransDigm in 2017: The Beginning of the End or the End of the Beginning?" Harvard Business School Case 720-422, April 2020. (Revised April 2023.)
- 2020
- Working Paper
Directors' Perceptions of Board Effectiveness and Internal Operations
By: J. Yo-Jud Cheng, Boris Groysberg, Paul M. Healy and Rajesh Vijayaraghavan
- 2019
- Working Paper
Intelligent Design of Inclusive Growth Strategies
By: Robert S. Kaplan, George Serafeim and Eduardo Tugendhat
Improving corporate engagement with society, as advocated in the Business Roundtable’s 2019 statement, should not be viewed as a zero-sum proposition where attention to new stakeholders detracts from delivering shareholder value. Corporate programs for sustainable and...
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Keywords:
Inclusion;
Sustainability;
Performance Measures;
Environmental Sustainability;
Social Issues;
Strategy;
Governance;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Business and Stakeholder Relations
Kaplan, Robert S., George Serafeim, and Eduardo Tugendhat. "Intelligent Design of Inclusive Growth Strategies." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-050, October 2019.
- October 16, 2019
- Article
Where ESG Fails
By: Michael E. Porter, George Serafeim and Mark Kramer
We are entering a new stage of understanding of the linkage between investment performance and social impact. Previous approaches, such as socially responsible investing and environmental, social, and governance (ESG) screening, have obscured the opportunities for...
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Keywords:
ESG;
Sustainability;
Environment;
Social Impact;
Impact Investing;
ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) Performance;
ESG Reporting;
Shared Value;
Environmental Sustainability;
Social Issues;
Investment;
Value;
Strategy
Porter, Michael E., George Serafeim, and Mark Kramer. "Where ESG Fails." Institutional Investor (October 16, 2019).
- October 14, 2019
- Article
A Guide to the Big Ideas and Debates in Corporate Governance
By: Lynn S. Paine and Suraj Srinivasan
How corporations govern themselves has become a matter of broad public interest in recent decades. Amid this many commentators and experts still disagree on such basic matters as the purpose of the corporation, the role of corporate boards of directors, the rights of...
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Keywords:
Corporate Governance;
Mission and Purpose;
Governing and Advisory Boards;
Business and Shareholder Relations;
Performance;
Measurement and Metrics
Paine, Lynn S., and Suraj Srinivasan. "A Guide to the Big Ideas and Debates in Corporate Governance." Harvard Business Review (website) (October 14, 2019).
- Article
Creating Firm Disclosures
By: Amir Amel-Zadeh, Alexandra Scherf and Eugene F. Soltes
Managers expend significant time and effort preparing disclosures about firm performance and strategy. Although prior literature has explored how variation in the style and presentation of disclosures impacts investors' perceptions of firms, little is known about how...
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Keywords:
Disclosure;
Earnings Conference Call;
Field Study;
MD&A;
Textual Analysis;
Corporate Disclosure
Amel-Zadeh, Amir, Alexandra Scherf, and Eugene F. Soltes. "Creating Firm Disclosures." Journal of Financial Reporting 4, no. 2 (Fall 2019): 1–31.
- 2019
- White Paper
Impact-Weighted Financial Accounts: The Missing Piece for an Impact Economy
By: George Serafeim, T. Robert Zochowski and Jennifer Downing
Reimagining capitalism is an imperative. We need to create a more inclusive and sustainable form of capitalism that works for every person and the planet. Massive environmental damage, growing income and wealth disparity, stress, and depression within developed...
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Keywords:
Impact-Weighted Accounts;
IWAI;
Background;
Economic Systems;
Economy;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Measurement and Metrics;
Financial Statements
Serafeim, George, T. Robert Zochowski, and Jennifer Downing. "Impact-Weighted Financial Accounts: The Missing Piece for an Impact Economy." White Paper, Harvard Business School, Boston, MA, September 2019.
- August 2019
- Background Note
Note on Shared Ownership
By: Ethan Bernstein and Nick Rekenthaler
While several tactics can drive company performance by instilling a sense of shared ownership among employees, perhaps the most direct is to actually share ownership with employees. Many public and private companies across industries have done just that, and studies...
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Keywords:
Employee Stock Ownership Plan;
Human Resources;
Employees;
Human Capital;
Ownership;
Cooperative Ownership;
Employee Ownership;
Customer Ownership;
Governance
Bernstein, Ethan, and Nick Rekenthaler. "Note on Shared Ownership." Harvard Business School Background Note 420-030, August 2019.
- 2021
- Working Paper
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Case Histories of Significant Medical Advances
By: Amar Bhidé, Srikant M. Datar and Fabio Villa
We describe how Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG, or more popularly, “bypass”) operations revolutionized the treatment of coronary disease (that can produce fatal heart attacks and debilitating angina). We first provide a simplified overview of coronary disease...
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Keywords:
Health Care and Treatment;
Technological Innovation;
Innovation Strategy;
Technology Adoption;
Collaborative Innovation and Invention;
Innovation and Invention;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms
Bhidé, Amar, Srikant M. Datar, and Fabio Villa. "Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Case Histories of Significant Medical Advances." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-010, July 2019. (Revised May 2021.)
- July 2019
- Case
Piramal Foundation: The Business of Philanthropy
By: Vikram Gandhi and Mahima Rao-Kachroo
The Piramal Foundation was launched by diversfied Indian conglomerate, the Piramal Group, to improve the healthcare services and quality of education of India’s economically and socially disadvantaged. The foundation operates under three verticals—‘Piramal Foundation...
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Keywords:
Social Enterprise;
Philanthropy and Charitable Giving;
Education;
Health Care and Treatment;
Performance Improvement;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Education Industry;
Health Industry;
India
Gandhi, Vikram, and Mahima Rao-Kachroo. "Piramal Foundation: The Business of Philanthropy." Harvard Business School Case 520-011, July 2019.
- July 2019
- Article
Market Reaction to Mandatory Nonfinancial Disclosure
By: Jody Grewal, Edward J. Riedl and George Serafeim
We examine the equity market reaction to events associated with the passage of a directive in the European Union (EU) mandating increased nonfinancial disclosure. These disclosures relate to firms’ environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance and would be...
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Keywords:
Nonfinancial Information;
Nonfinancial Performance;
ESG;
ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) Performance;
Investor Behavior;
Disclosure;
Disclosure Regulation;
Regulation;
Sustainability;
Corporate Performance;
Information;
Corporate Disclosure;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Performance;
Environmental Sustainability;
Corporate Governance;
Outcome or Result
Grewal, Jody, Edward J. Riedl, and George Serafeim. "Market Reaction to Mandatory Nonfinancial Disclosure." Management Science 65, no. 7 (July 2019): 3061–3084.
- May 16, 2019
- Article
To Improve Food Inspections, Change the Way They're Scheduled
By: Maria Ibanez and Michael W. Toffel
Health inspections are an important tool to increase food safety, but there are still 48 million cases of food-borne illnesses and 128,000 hospitalizations every year in the United States. Our research finds that inspectors reported fewer health code violations as they...
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Keywords:
Inspection;
Scheduling;
Food;
Safety;
Health;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Performance Improvement
Ibanez, Maria, and Michael W. Toffel. "To Improve Food Inspections, Change the Way They're Scheduled." Harvard Business Review (website) (May 16, 2019).
- May 2019
- Article
The Role of Gatekeepers in Capital Markets
By: Sugata Roychowdhury and Suraj Srinivasan
Gatekeepers in financial markets have the power to provide the institutional stability, fortitude and direction necessary for the development and the smooth functioning of capital markets. At the same time, they are often motivated by their own private incentives....
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Keywords:
Gatekeepers;
Capital Markets;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Performance Effectiveness
Roychowdhury, Sugata, and Suraj Srinivasan. "The Role of Gatekeepers in Capital Markets." Journal of Accounting Research 57, no. 2 (May 2019): 295–322.