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- 2022
- Working Paper
Distributional Consequences of Monetary Policy Across Races: Evidence from the U.S. Credit Register
By: Laura Alfaro, Ester Faia and Camelia Minoiu
We examine the consequences of monetary policy on racial disparities, focusing on the role of bank lending to firms through collateral and selection channels. Leveraging comprehensive loan-level data from the U.S. credit register (Y-14Q) of the Federal Reserve, we show...
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- March 2022
- Article
Loan Types and the Bank Lending Channel
By: Victoria Ivashina, Luc Laeven and Enrique Moral-Benito
Using credit-registry data for Spain and Peru, we document that four main types of commercial credit—asset-based loans, cash flow loans, trade finance and leasing—are easily identifiable and represent the bulk of corporate credit. We show that credit growth dynamics...
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- November 2021
- Article
Borrower Leakage from Costly Screening: Evidence from SME Lending in Peru
By: Irani Arraiz, Miriam Bruhn, Benjamin N. Roth, Claudia Ruiz-Ortega and Rodolfo Stucchi
We provide evidence that commercial lenders in Peru suffer leakages in their loan approval process. Leveraging a discontinuity in the loan approval process of a large bank, we find that receiving a loan approval from the bank causes loan applicants to receive offers...
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- October 2021 (Revised December 2021)
- Case
Customer-Centric Design with Artificial Intelligence: Commonwealth Bank
By: Karim R. Lakhani, Yael Grushka-Cockayne, Jin Hyun Paik and Steven Randazzo
As Commonwealth Bank (CommBank) CEO Matt Comyn delivered the full financial year results in August 2021 over videoconference, it took less than two minutes for him to make his first mention of the organization's Customer Engagement Engine (CEE), the AI-driven customer...
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- 2021
- Chapter
Building Small Business Utopia: How Artificial Intelligence and Big Data Can Increase Small Business Success
By: Karen G. Mills and Annie Dang
Small business lending has remained unchanged for decades, laden with frictions and barriers that prevent many small businesses from accessing the capital they need to succeed. Financial technology, or “fintech,” promises to change this trajectory. In 2010, new fintech...
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- Article
Large Banks and Small Firm Lending
By: Vitaly Bord, Victoria Ivashina and Ryan D. Taliaferro
We examine the long-lasting effects of the 2007 real estate price collapse on small business credit supply. Banks affected by the decline in real estate prices systematically contracted their credit to small firms. At the same time, regional and local banks, many of...
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- 2021
- Working Paper
Racial Disparities in the Paycheck Protection Program
By: Sergey Chernenko and David S. Scharfstein
Using a large sample of Florida restaurants, we document significant racial disparities in borrowing through the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) and investigate the causes of these disparities. Black-owned restaurants are 25% less likely to receive PPP loans....
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- Article
The Harmonization of Lending Standards within Banks through Mandated Loan-Level Transparency
By: Jung Koo Kang, Maria Loumioti and Regina Wittenberg-Moerman
We explore whether the introduction of transparent reporting rules increases credit standard harmonization within a bank. We exploit the new loan-level reporting rules imposed on banks that borrow from the European Central Bank using repurchase agreements...
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- March 2021
- Supplement
Making Impact Investing Markets: IFC (B)
By: Shawn A. Cole, John Masko and T. Robert Zochowski
In 2018, Thailand’s Bank of Ayudhya (known as Krungsri), was considering whether to participate in the first issue of a new financial instrument from the International Finance Corporation (IFC), known as a gender bond. Building on the success of the Green Bond program...
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Keywords:
Impact Investment;
Development Economics;
Developing Countries and Economies;
Borrowing and Debt;
Credit;
Equity;
Bonds;
Financing and Loans;
Growth and Development;
Emerging Markets;
Non-Governmental Organizations;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Financial Instruments;
Gender;
Financial Services Industry;
Thailand
- March 2021
- Article
On the Direct and Indirect Real Effects of Credit Supply Shocks
By: Laura Alfaro, Manuel García-Santana and Enrique Moral-Benito
We explore the real effects of bank-lending shocks and how they permeate the economy through buyer-supplier linkages. We combine administrative data on all Spanish firms with a matched bank-firm-loan dataset of all corporate loans from 2003 to 2013 to estimate...
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- 2021
- Working Paper
Crisis Interventions in Corporate Insolvency
By: Samuel Antill and Christopher Clayton
We model the optimal resolution of insolvent firms in general equilibrium. Absent externalities, the optimal corporate-insolvency system encourages lending by letting banks assign liquidations ex-post. We show that a social planner optimally intervenes in such a system...
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- 2021
- Working Paper
FinTech Lending and Cashless Payments
By: Boris Vallée, Pulak Ghosh and Yao Zeng
This study provides a new perspective to understand the rise and future potential of FinTech lending by linking it to the informational role of cashless payments. We uncover both theoretically and empirically a synergy between FinTech lending and cashless payments....
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Keywords:
Fintech;
Lending;
Payments;
Data Sharing;
Financing and Loans;
Technology;
Banks and Banking;
Business Model
- 2020
- Working Paper
In the Red: Overdrafts, Payday Lending and the Underbanked
The reordering of transactions from “high-to-low” is a controversial bank practice thought to maximize fees paid by low-income customers on overdrawn accounts. We exploit multiple class-action lawsuits resulting in mandatory changes to this practice, coupled with...
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- December 2020
- Article
Monetary Policy and Global Banking
By: Falk Bräuning and Victoria Ivashina
When central banks adjust interest rates, the opportunity cost of lending in local currency changes, but—in absence of frictions—there is no spillover effect to lending in other currencies. However, when equity capital is limited, global banks must benchmark domestic...
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- June 2020
- Article
U.S. Monetary Policy and Emerging Market Credit Cycles
By: Falk Bräuning and Victoria Ivashina
Foreign banks’ lending to firms in emerging market economies (EMEs) is large and denominated predominantly in U.S. dollars. This creates a direct connection between U.S. monetary policy and EME credit cycles. We estimate that over a typical U.S. monetary easing cycle,...
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Keywords:
Global Business Cycle;
Monetary Policy;
Reaching For Yield;
Money;
Policy;
Credit;
Emerging Markets
- 2020
- Working Paper
Why is Dollar Debt Cheaper? Evidence from Peru
By: Victoria Ivashina, Bryan Gutiérrez and Juliana Salomao
In emerging markets, a significant share of corporate loans are denominated in dollars. Using novel data that enables us to see currency and the cost of credit, in addition to several other transaction-level characteristics, we re-examine the reasons behind dollar...
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- May 2020 (Revised March 2022)
- Case
The Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic and the Global Economy (A)
By: Alberto Cavallo and Christian Godwin
In April 2020, the world struggled to contain the exponential escalation of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Dozens of countries had imposed restrictions on travel, work, and social gatherings. A large share of the global population was under lockdowns and...
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Keywords:
COVID-19 Pandemic;
Demand and Consumers;
Supply and Industry;
Finance;
Central Banking;
Financial Markets;
International Finance;
Globalization;
Government and Politics;
Health Pandemics;
Decision Making;
Macroeconomics;
Employment;
Crisis Management;
Supply Chain;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Banking Industry;
Banking Industry;
Banking Industry;
Banking Industry;
Banking Industry;
Banking Industry;
Banking Industry;
Banking Industry;
Banking Industry;
Banking Industry;
Banking Industry;
Banking Industry;
Banking Industry;
Banking Industry;
Banking Industry;
Asia;
China;
Europe;
Latin America;
Africa;
United States
- May 2020
- Article
How Quantitative Easing Works: Evidence on the Refinancing Channel
By: Marco Di Maggio, Amir Kermani and Christopher Palmer
We document the transmission of large-scale asset purchases by the Federal Reserve to the real economy using rich borrower-linked mortgage-market data and an identification strategy based on mortgage market segmentation. We find that central bank QE1 MBS purchases...
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Keywords:
Monetary Policy;
MBS;
Quantitative Easing;
LSAP;
Refinancing;
Deleveraging;
HARP;
GSE;
Central Banking;
Global Range;
Financing and Loans;
Credit;
United States
- April 2020
- Case
The Board's Role in Refocusing Bahrain Development Bank
By: Paul M. Healy and Alpana Thapar
In March 2016, Bahrain Development Bank’s (BDB) existing board term came to an end and Khalid Al Rumaihi was appointed the new chairman. Determining a need for change, he immediately overhauled the board and replaced BDB’s long-standing CEO. The new board quickly...
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- 2020
- Working Paper
Costly External Financing and Monetary Policy Transmission: Evidence from a Natural Experiment
By: Emily Williams
I provide new evidence that large and small banks have different external financing costs, which generates cross sectional variation in a deposits market pricing power channel of monetary policy transmission. I do so by exploiting a natural experiment using anti-trust...
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