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- 2023
- Article
Bridging the Gap with the ‘New’ Economic History of Africa
By: Ewout Frankema and Marlous van Waijenburg
This review article seeks to build bridges between mainstream African history and the more historically oriented branch of the ‘new’ economic history of Africa. We survey four central topics of the new economic history of Africa—growth, trade, labor, and inequality—and...
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Keywords:
Economic Growth;
Trade;
Labor;
Equality and Inequality;
Development Economics;
History;
Africa
- November 2022
- Article
A Language-Based Method for Assessing Symbolic Boundary Maintenance between Social Groups
By: Anjali M. Bhatt, Amir Goldberg and Sameer B. Srivastava
When the social boundaries between groups are breached, the tendency for people to erect and maintain symbolic boundaries intensifies. Drawing on extant perspectives on boundary maintenance, we distinguish between two strategies that people pursue in maintaining...
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- February 2022
- Article
OMG! My Boss Just Friended Me: How Evaluations of Colleagues' Disclosure, Gender, and Rank Shape Personal/Professional Boundary Blurring Online
By: Nancy Rothbard, Lakshmi Ramarajan, Ariane Ollier-Malaterre and Serenity Lee
We propose and test a relational boundary-blurring framework, examining how employees’ evaluations of colleagues’ characteristics drive their decisions to connect with colleagues as friends online. We use a multi-method approach across four studies to investigate how...
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- Article
No Team is an Island: How Leaders Shape Networked Ecosystems for Team Success
By: Inga Carboni, Robert Cross and Amy C. Edmondson
Today’s organizations rely on networks of dynamic systems of “agile” teams to get work done. Teams are distributed, transient, and loosely bounded in service of responsiveness and innovation. The key to this new way of doing work is managing the networked ecosystem in...
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- Article
Party-State Capitalism in China
By: Margaret Pearson, Meg Rithmire and Kellee Tsai
The “state capitalism” model, in which the state retains a dominant role as owner or investor-shareholder amidst the presence of markets and private firms, has received increasing attention, with China cited as the main exemplar. Yet as models evolve, so has China’s...
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Keywords:
Economic Policy;
Communism;
Capitalism;
State Capitalism;
Economic Systems;
Economics;
Policy;
China
- Article
Look 'Outside the Building' for the Future of Leadership
The author discusses what she terms “outside the building” issues, such as climate change, pandemics, and racial/gender justice. These complex issues are “beyond the boundaries of single organizations.” As she writes, “I call this new leadership for the future...
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- 2021
- Working Paper
Changing Ingroup Boundaries: The Effect of Immigration on Race Relations in the U.S.
By: Vasiliki Fouka and Marco Tabellini
How do social group boundaries evolve? Does the appearance of a new outgroup change the ingroup's perceptions of other outgroups? We introduce a conceptual framework of context-dependent categorization, in which exposure to one minority leads to recategorization of...
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Keywords:
In-group-out-group Relations;
Immigration;
Race;
Attitudes;
Boundaries;
Prejudice and Bias
- 2018
- Working Paper
Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 7 The Value Structure of Technologies, Part 2: Technical and Strategic Bottlenecks as Guides for Action
The purpose of this chapter is to present analytic tools based on functional maps that can be used to identify investment opportunities and to formulate strategy in large, evolving technical systems. I argue that the points of value creation and value capture in a...
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- 2017
- Book
Extreme Teaming: Lessons in Complex, Cross-Sector Leadership
By: Amy C. Edmondson and Jean-François Harvey
Today's global enterprises increasingly involve collaborative work by teams of experts operating across different professions, organizations, and industries. Extreme Teaming provides new insights into the world of complex, cross-industry projects and the ways...
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- December 2016 (Revised May 2018)
- Module Note
Strategy Execution Module 15: Using the Levers of Control to Implement Strategy
By: Robert Simons
This module reading pulls together key concepts and techniques from the Strategy Execution series into an integrated model—the levers of control. The four levers are: (1) belief systems, (2) boundary systems, (3) diagnostic control systems, and (4) interactive control...
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Keywords:
Management Control Systems;
Implementing Strategy;
Execution;
Levers Of Control;
Balancing Innovation And Control;
Managing Growing Businesses;
Turn Around Management;
Human Behavior;
Organizational Life Cycle;
Strategy;
Management Systems;
Performance;
Measurement and Metrics;
Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques;
Behavior
- November 2016 (Revised December 2016)
- Module Note
Strategy Execution Module 14: Managing Strategic Risk
By: Robert Simons
This module reading provides an overview of the business conduct boundaries, strategic boundaries, and internal control systems used to manage risk. Boundary systems—linked to clear, enforceable sanctions—are essential whenever demanding performance goals are set and...
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Keywords:
Management Control Systems;
Implementing Strategy;
Strategy Execution;
Boundary Systems;
Innovation;
Internal Controls;
Fraud;
Human Behavior;
Staff Experts;
Strategy;
Risk Management;
Behavior;
Governance Controls;
Management Practices and Processes;
Boundaries;
Employees;
Business Strategy;
Innovation and Invention
- November 2016 (Revised December 2016)
- Module Note
Strategy Execution Module 7: Designing Asset Allocation Systems
By: Robert Simons
This module reading provides tools and analyses for acquiring and allocating resources. The module begins by reviewing the importance of setting strategic boundaries as a basis for asset acquisitions. Next, a distinction is made between new assets acquired to meet...
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- 2016
- Article
The Mirroring Hypothesis: Theory, Evidence, and Exceptions
By: Lyra J. Colfer and Carliss Y. Baldwin
The mirroring hypothesis predicts that organizational ties within a project, firm, or group of firms (e.g., communication, collocation, employment) will correspond to the technical dependencies in the work being performed. This article presents a unified picture of...
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- 2016
- Working Paper
The Mirroring Hypothesis: Theory, Evidence and Exceptions
By: Lyra J. Colfer and Carliss Y. Baldwin
The mirroring hypothesis predicts that organizational ties within a project, firm, or group of firms (e.g., communication, collocation, employment) will correspond to the technical patterns of dependency in the work being performed. A thorough understanding of the...
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Keywords:
Modularity;
Innovation;
Product And Process Development;
Organization Design;
Design Structure;
Organizational Ties;
Mirroring Hypothesis;
Industry Architecture;
Product Architecture;
Complex Technical Systems;
Information Technology;
Organizational Design;
Organizational Structure;
Relationships;
Innovation and Invention;
Product Development
- 2016
- Working Paper
Big History, Global Corporations, Virtual Capitalism
By: Richard L. Nolan
Homo sapiens has mastered its environment so thoroughly that, for the first time in history, a small minority of the population is capable of creating enough food and fuels to support not only itself, but also a growing majority of the 6 billion people now living on...
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- 2019
- Working Paper
Self-Interest: The Economist's Straitjacket
By: Robert Simons
This paper examines contemporary economic theories that focus on the design and management of business organizations. In the first part of the paper, a taxonomy is presented that describes the different types of economists interested in this subject—market economists,...
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Keywords:
Self-interest;
Economist;
Moral Philosophers;
Regulation;
Capture;
Organization Design;
Economy Theory;
Organization Theory;
Management Theory;
Commitment;
Controls;
Governance;
Customers;
Conflict of Interests;
Business or Company Management;
Competition;
Organizational Design;
Business Education;
Agency Theory;
Economics;
Theory;
Boundaries
- 2015
- Chapter
Modularity and Organizations
Modularity describes the degree to which a complex system can be broken apart into subunits (modules) that can be recombined in various ways. Modularity is important for organizations and the economy because the boundaries of organizational units and corporations are...
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- 2015
- Working Paper
Bottlenecks, Modules and Dynamic Architectural Capabilities
How do firms create and capture value in large technical systems? In this paper, I argue that the points of both value creation and value capture are the system's bottlenecks. Bottlenecks arise first as important technical problems to be solved. Once the problem is...
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- September 2013 (Revised August 2015)
- Background Note
Leadership and Teaming
By: Ethan Bernstein
Small differences in the leadership of teams can have large consequences for the success of their efforts. Many initiatives fail not because of a fatal error in judgment or insufficient ideas, knowledge, motivation, or capabilities to deliver a solution. They fail...
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Keywords:
Teams;
Teaming;
Leadership And Managing People;
Leadership;
Team Effectiveness;
Team Performance;
Team Design;
Team Leadership;
Teamwork;
Team Process;
Team Function;
Team Launch;
60/30/10 Rule;
Team Boundary;
Distribution Of Leadership Authority;
Self-Managed Teams;
Virtual Teams;
Unbounded Teams;
Acts Of Leadership;
Execution Teams;
Decision Making Teams;
Creativity Teams;
Team Size;
Task Design;
Team Timeline;
Team Roles;
Team Representation;
Diversity;
Team Familiarity;
Collective Intelligence;
Team Stages Of Development;
Team Coaching;
Performance Pressure;
X-Teams;
Team Focus;
Interaction;
Management Teams;
Managerial Roles;
Management Systems;
Management Style;
Management Skills;
Management Practices and Processes;
Organizational Design;
Organizational Structure;
Performance Effectiveness;
Performance Efficiency;
Performance Productivity;
Groups and Teams;
Networks;
Social Psychology;
Behavior;
Conflict and Resolution;
Creativity;
Social and Collaborative Networks;
Satisfaction;
Prejudice and Bias;
Power and Influence;
Personal Characteristics;
Familiarity;
Cognition and Thinking;
Attitudes;
Projects;
Organizational Culture;
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Leadership Development;
Leadership Style;
Leading Change;
Knowledge Use and Leverage;
Knowledge Sharing;
Collaborative Innovation and Invention;
Innovation and Management;
Innovation Leadership;
Design;
Interpersonal Communication;
Accommodations Industry;
Accounting Industry;
Advertising Industry;
Aerospace Industry;
Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry;
Air Transportation Industry;
Apparel and Accessories Industry;
Auto Industry;
Banking Industry;
Battery Industry;
Beauty and Cosmetics Industry;
Bicycle Industry;
Biotechnology Industry;
Chemical Industry;
Communications Industry;
Computer Industry;
Construction Industry;
Consulting Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Distribution Industry;
Education Industry;
Electronics Industry;
Employment Industry;
Energy Industry;
Entertainment and Recreation Industry;
Fashion Industry;
Financial Services Industry;
Fine Arts Industry;
Food and Beverage Industry;
Forest Products Industry;
Forestry Industry;
Green Technology Industry;
Health Industry;
Industrial Products Industry;
Information Industry;
Information Technology Industry;
Insurance Industry;
Journalism and News Industry;
Legal Services Industry;
Manufacturing Industry;
Media and Broadcasting Industry;
Medical Devices and Supplies Industry;
Mining Industry;
Motion Pictures and Video Industry;
Motorcycle Industry;
Music Industry;
Pharmaceutical Industry;
Public Administration Industry;
Public Relations Industry;
Publishing Industry;
Pulp and Paper Industry;
Rail Industry;
Real Estate Industry;
Retail Industry;
Rubber Industry;
Semiconductor Industry;
Service Industry;
Shipping Industry;
Sports Industry;
Steel Industry;
Technology Industry;
Telecommunications Industry;
Tourism Industry;
Transportation Industry;
Travel Industry;
Utilities Industry;
Video Game Industry;
Web Services Industry;
Asia;
North and Central America;
South America;
Atlantic Ocean;
Central Asia;
Europe;
Latin America;
Middle East;
Oceania;
West Indies
- September–October 2013
- Article
Changes in Work, Changes in Self? Managing Our Work and Non-Work Identities in an Integrated World
By: Lakshmi Ramarajan and Erin M. Reid
Diverse workplaces are challenging the boundaries between workers' personal and professional lives, as workers today navigate employer pressures regarding who they are and who they can be outside of work. Lakshmi Ramarajan and Erin M. Reid consider how the attunement...
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