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  • All HBS Web  (221)
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    • All HBS Web  (221)
      • Faculty Publications  (30)

      Carbon Emissions Remove Carbon Emissions →

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      • June 2022
      • Technical Note

      Business Implications from Regulating Carbon Emissions in the EU

      By: George Serafeim and Benjamin Maletta
      In the beginning of the 21st century, the European Union (the EU) had led the global fight against climate change with a wide array of policy measures. The EU’s primary approach to climate policy had been taxation via the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU...  View Details
      Keywords: Regulation; Carbon Emissions; Trade; Sustainability; Decarbonization; Performance; Climate Change; Analysis; Strategy; Taxation; Policy; European Union
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      Serafeim, George, and Benjamin Maletta. "Business Implications from Regulating Carbon Emissions in the EU." Harvard Business School Technical Note 122-106, June 2022.
      • Article

      We Need Better Carbon Accounting. Here's How to Get There.

      By: Robert S. Kaplan and Karthik Ramanna
      Any effective system of greenhouse gas (GHG) accounting needs to measure each company’s supply-chain carbon impacts accurately. Such information would provide visibility and incentives for the company to make more climate-friendly product-specification and purchasing...  View Details
      Keywords: Accounting; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; GHG; Carbon Accounting; Environmental Accounting; Environmental Management; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Supply Chain
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      Kaplan, Robert S., and Karthik Ramanna. "We Need Better Carbon Accounting. Here's How to Get There." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (April 12, 2022).
      • March 2022
      • Article

      Carbon Footprinting and Pricing under Climate Concerns

      By: Marco Bertini, Stefan Buehler, Daniel Halbheer and Don Lehmann
      This article studies how organizations should design a product by choosing the carbon footprint and price in a market with climate concerns. The authors first show how the cost and demand effects of reducing the product carbon footprint determine the profit-maximizing...  View Details
      Keywords: Carbon Footprint; Carbon Offsetting; Climate Impact; Net-zero Emissions; Pricing; Climate Change; Product Design; Price; Environmental Sustainability; Marketing
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      Bertini, Marco, Stefan Buehler, Daniel Halbheer, and Don Lehmann. "Carbon Footprinting and Pricing under Climate Concerns." Journal of Marketing 86, no. 2 (March 2022): 186–201.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Climate Solutions Investments

      By: Alex Cheema-Fox, George Serafeim and Hui (Stacie) Wang
      An increasing number of companies are providing products and services that help reduce carbon emissions in the economy. We develop a methodology to identify those companies and create a sample of publicly listed climate solutions companies allowing us to study their...  View Details
      Keywords: Decarbonization; Climate Finance; Climate Impact; Climate Risk; Environment; Sustainability; Carbon Emissions; Electric Vehicles; Energy; Renewables; Climate Change; Investment; Environmental Sustainability; Renewable Energy; Transportation Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; Energy Industry; Industrial Products Industry; China; United States; Asia; Europe
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      Cheema-Fox, Alex, George Serafeim, and Hui (Stacie) Wang. "Climate Solutions Investments." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-054, January 2022.
      • Article

      Decarbonization Factors

      By: Alex Cheema-Fox, Bridget LaPerla, George Serafeim, David Turkington and Hui (Stacie) Wang
      In the face of accelerating climate change, investors are making capital allocations seeking to decarbonize portfolios by reducing the carbon emissions of their holdings. To understand the performance of portfolio decarbonization strategies and investor behavior...  View Details
      Keywords: ESG; Investment Management; Factor Investing; Investor Behavior; Climate Change; Environmental Sustainability; Investment; Management
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      Cheema-Fox, Alex, Bridget LaPerla, George Serafeim, David Turkington, and Hui (Stacie) Wang. "Decarbonization Factors." Journal of Impact and ESG Investing 2, no. 1 (Fall 2021): 47–73.
      • July 2021
      • Teaching Note

      Digital Transformation 2.0: CEO Elie Girard at Atos

      By: Tsedal Neeley
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 421-024. Elie Girard has taken the helm as CEO of multinational IT giant Atos to lead the company into the next era of digital transformation. Noticing that customers’ digital needs were evolving to become even more specialized and global...  View Details
      Keywords: Restructuring; Leading Change; Mergers and Acquisitions; Environmental Sustainability; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Digital Transformation; Information Technology Industry
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      Neeley, Tsedal. "Digital Transformation 2.0: CEO Elie Girard at Atos." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 422-006, July 2021.
      • 2021
      • Article

      Nudging the Commute: Using Behaviorally-Informed Interventions to Promote Sustainable Transportation

      By: Ashley Whillans, Joseph Sherlock, Jessica Roberts, Shibeal O'Flaherty, Lyndsay Gavin, Holly Dykstra and Michael Daly
      Dramatic reductions in carbon emissions must take place immediately. A human-centric method of reducing environmental impacts is to “nudge” employees away from single-occupancy vehicles (SOVs) toward more sustainable commuting options. While an abundance of research...  View Details
      Keywords: Behavioral Science; Transportation Demand Management; Commuting; Single-occupancy Vehicle Commutes; Transportation; Behavior; Change; Environmental Sustainability
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      Whillans, Ashley, Joseph Sherlock, Jessica Roberts, Shibeal O'Flaherty, Lyndsay Gavin, Holly Dykstra, and Michael Daly. "Nudging the Commute: Using Behaviorally-Informed Interventions to Promote Sustainable Transportation." Behavioral Science & Policy 7, no. 2 (2021): 27–49.
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Science-Based Carbon Emissions Targets

      By: David Freiberg, Jody Grewal and George Serafeim
      We examine the effect of voluntarily adopting a standard for setting science-based carbon emissions targets on target difficulty and investments to achieve those targets. We find that firms with a track record of setting and achieving ambitious carbon targets are more...  View Details
      Keywords: Target; Targeting; Target-setting; Target Efficiency; Management Control Systems; Management Accounting; Environment; Environmental And Social Sustainability; Climate Change; Environmental Management; Environmental Accounting; Environmental Sustainability; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques
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      Freiberg, David, Jody Grewal, and George Serafeim. "Science-Based Carbon Emissions Targets." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-108, March 2021.
      • January 2021
      • Case

      Digital Transformation 2.0: CEO Elie Girard at Atos

      By: Tsedal Neeley and James Barnett
      Elie Girard has taken the helm as CEO of Atos—multinational IT giant—to lead the company into the next era of digital transformation. Noticing that customers’ digital needs were evolving to become even more specialized and global in scope, he made a bold first step as...  View Details
      Keywords: Restructuring; Change; Leadership; Technology Industry
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      Neeley, Tsedal, and James Barnett. "Digital Transformation 2.0: CEO Elie Girard at Atos." Harvard Business School Case 421-024, January 2021.
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Corporate Environmental Impact: Measurement, Data and Information

      By: David Freiberg, DG Park, George Serafeim and T. Robert Zochowski
      As an organization’s environmental impact has become a central societal consideration, thereby affecting industry and organizational competitiveness, interest in measuring and analyzing environmental impact has increased. We develop a methodology to derive comparable...  View Details
      Keywords: Environment; Impact; Measurement; Environmental Ratings; Corporate Valuation; Financial Materiality; Sustainability; Environmental Impact; Environmental Strategy; Impact-Weighted Accounts; IWAI; Environmental Sustainability; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Measurement and Metrics; Valuation
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      Freiberg, David, DG Park, George Serafeim, and T. Robert Zochowski. "Corporate Environmental Impact: Measurement, Data and Information." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-098, March 2020. (Revised February 2021.)
      • February 2020 (Revised February 2022)
      • Case

      Sustainable Product Management at Solvay

      By: George Serafeim, Vincent Dessain and Mette Fuglsang Hjortshoej
      In November 2019, Ilham Kadri, CEO of Solvay, a Belgian specialty chemicals and advanced materials group, with annual revenues of more than €10 billion in 2018, announced the group’s mid-term strategy, eight months after she took the helm as Solvay’s 11th CEO. The case...  View Details
      Keywords: Sustainability; Sustainable Business And Innovation; Sustainability Management; Sustainable Development; Management Accounting; Innovation; Carbon Emissions; Sustainability Reporting; Sustainability Targets; Target-setting; Product; Management; Transformation; Growth and Development Strategy; Climate Change; Environmental Sustainability; Chemical Industry; Europe; Belgium
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      Serafeim, George, Vincent Dessain, and Mette Fuglsang Hjortshoej. "Sustainable Product Management at Solvay." Harvard Business School Case 120-081, February 2020. (Revised February 2022.)
      • 2019
      • Working Paper

      Decarbonization Factors

      By: Alex Cheema-Fox, Bridget LaPerla, George Serafeim, David Turkington and Hui (Stacie) Wang
      In the face of accelerating climate change, investors are making capital allocations seeking to decarbonize portfolios by reducing the carbon emissions of their holdings. To understand the performance of portfolio decarbonization strategies and investor behavior...  View Details
      Keywords: ESG; Investment Management; Factor Investing; Investor Behavior; Climate Change; Environmental Sustainability; Investment; Management
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      Cheema-Fox, Alex, Bridget LaPerla, George Serafeim, David Turkington, and Hui (Stacie) Wang. "Decarbonization Factors." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-037, September 2019. (Revised November 2019.)
      • 2018
      • Report

      The Future of Nuclear Energy in a Carbon-Constrained World: An Interdisciplinary MIT Study

      By: Joseph B. Lassiter III
      The Future of Nuclear Energy in a Carbon-Constrained World study is the eighth in the MIT Energy Initiative’s "Future of" series, which aims to shed light on a range of complex and important issues involving energy and the environment. A central theme is...  View Details
      Keywords: Nuclear Energy; Carbon Emissions; Environment; Environmental Sustainability; Energy; Energy Policy; Energy Sources
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      "The Future of Nuclear Energy in a Carbon-Constrained World: An Interdisciplinary MIT Study." "Future of" Series, MIT Energy Initiative, Cambridge, MA, 2018.
      • September 2016
      • Article

      The Effect of Target Difficulty on Target Completion: The Case of Reducing Carbon Emissions

      By: Ioannis Ioannou, Shelley Xin Li and George Serafeim
      Targets are an integral component of management control systems and play a significant role in achieving desirable performance outcomes. We focus on a key environmental performance objective—reduction of carbon emissions—as a setting in which to examine how target...  View Details
      Keywords: Sustainability; Target-setting; Management Accounting; Management Accounting And Control Systems; Control Systems; Sustainable Development; Environment; Goals and Objectives; Climate Change; Management Systems; Accounting; Environmental Sustainability
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      Ioannou, Ioannis, Shelley Xin Li, and George Serafeim. "The Effect of Target Difficulty on Target Completion: The Case of Reducing Carbon Emissions." Accounting Review 91, no. 5 (September 2016).
      • February 2016 (Revised October 2017)
      • Case

      Nuclear Energy: An Answer to Climate Change?

      By: Michael W. Toffel, Glen W. S. Dowell and James Weber
      Environmental activist groups have traditionally opposed nuclear energy. However, the growing environmental problems associated with global climate change require major changes to reduce the carbon intensity of electricity generation. Should environmental groups...  View Details
      Keywords: Nuclear Energy; Nuclear Power; Climate Change; Safety; Activism; Nonprofit; Environment; Environmental Protection; Social Movements; Energy; Energy Generation; Environmental Sustainability; Non-Governmental Organizations; Non-Renewable Energy; Energy Industry; United States
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      Toffel, Michael W., Glen W. S. Dowell, and James Weber. "Nuclear Energy: An Answer to Climate Change?" Harvard Business School Case 616-052, February 2016. (Revised October 2017.)
      • February 2016 (Revised March 2019)
      • Case

      Suncor and the Future of Oil Sands

      By: Richard H.K. Vietor
      Suncor, Canada's largest producer of "oil sands," faces a host of issues involving prices, costs, and the environment. The Government of Canada recently put an explicit limit on carbon emissions from oil sands and a price on carbon. Suncor, which produces more than...  View Details
      Keywords: Oil Sands; Energy; Price; Operations; Cost; Energy Industry; Canada
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      Vietor, Richard H.K. "Suncor and the Future of Oil Sands." Harvard Business School Case 716-065, February 2016. (Revised March 2019.)
      • Article

      Hurry or Wait: The Pros and Cons of Going Fast or Slow on Climate Change

      By: Eleanor Denny and Jurgen Weiss
      Climate change risk will likely force the de-carbonization of our electricity sector and thus involve massive investments in long-lived assets using many new and emerging technologies. Since technological progress (independent or dependent on deployment) will likely...  View Details
      Keywords: Electricity Sector; Environmental Risks; Fat Tails; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Climate Change; Information Technology; Investment; Technological Innovation; Cost vs Benefits
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      Denny, Eleanor, and Jurgen Weiss. "Hurry or Wait: The Pros and Cons of Going Fast or Slow on Climate Change." Economists' Voice 12, no. 1 (August 2015): 19–24.
      • February 2015 (Revised June 2016)
      • Case

      Solar Geoengineering

      By: Joseph B. Lassiter III and Stephanie Puzio
      On December 8th 2013, as Dr. David Keith was leaving the set of the Colbert Show, he couldn't help but replay the interview over and over in his mind. Did he actually get his point of view on solar geoengineering across or had he just added to the stereotype that he...  View Details
      Keywords: Geoengineering; Carbon; Carbon Emissions; Energy; Nuclear; Nuclear Energy; De-extinction; Climate Change; Engineering; Entrepreneurship; Innovation and Invention; Energy Sources; Green Technology Industry; Energy Industry
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      Lassiter, Joseph B., III, and Stephanie Puzio. "Solar Geoengineering." Harvard Business School Case 815-081, February 2015. (Revised June 2016.)
      • September 2012
      • Background Note

      Carbon Credits

      By: Forest Reinhardt, Jost Hamschmidt and Mikell Hyman
      Keywords: Carbon; Waste Management; Carbon Credits; Emission Reduction; Europe; Japan; Wastes and Waste Processing; Renewable Energy; Energy Industry; Green Technology Industry; Europe; Japan
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      Reinhardt, Forest, Jost Hamschmidt, and Mikell Hyman. "Carbon Credits." Harvard Business School Background Note 713-032, September 2012.
      • January 2012 (Revised September 2015)
      • Case

      Tough Decisions at Marks and Spencer

      By: George Serafeim
      In 2007, under the leadership of CEO Stuart Rose, the iconic British retailer Marks and Spencer, with great fanfare, announced its "Plan A" initiative. Based on the five essential pillars of climate change, waste, sustainable materials, fair partnership, and health,...  View Details
      Keywords: Decision Making; Environmental Sustainability; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Corporate Strategy; Retail Industry
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      Eccles, Robert G., George Serafeim, and Kyle Armbrester. "Tough Decisions at Marks and Spencer." Harvard Business School Case 112-062, January 2012. (Revised September 2015.)
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