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All HBS Web
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- Faculty Publications (173)
- 2011
- Article
Group Size and Incentives to Contribute: A Natural Experiment at Chinese Wikipedia
By: Michael Zhang and Feng Zhu
In this paper, we examine the causal relationship between group size and incentives to contribute in the setting of Chinese Wikipedia, the Chinese language version of an online encyclopedia that relies entirely on voluntary contributions. The group at Chinese Wikipedia...
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Keywords:
Rights;
Motivation and Incentives;
Internet and the Web;
Valuation;
Groups and Teams;
Knowledge Sharing;
Behavior;
Satisfaction;
Size;
Government and Politics;
Economics;
Information Technology Industry;
Hong Kong;
Taiwan;
Singapore
Zhang, Michael, and Feng Zhu. "Group Size and Incentives to Contribute: A Natural Experiment at Chinese Wikipedia." American Economic Review 101, no. 4 (June 2011): 1601–1615.
- 2010
- Working Paper
Regulating for Legitimacy: Consumer Credit Access in France and America
Theories of legitimate regulation have emphasized the role of governments either in fixing market failures to promote greater efficiency or in restricting the efficient functioning of markets in order to pursue public welfare goals. In either case, features of markets...
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Keywords:
Borrowing and Debt;
Credit;
Financial Markets;
Personal Finance;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Business History;
Business and Government Relations;
Welfare;
France;
United States
Trumbull, J. Gunnar. "Regulating for Legitimacy: Consumer Credit Access in France and America." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 11-047, November 2010.
- 2010
- Chapter
Feeling Good about Giving: The Benefits (and Costs) of Self-interested Charitable Behavior
By: L. Anik, L. B. Aknin, M. I. Norton and E. W. Dunn
While lay intuitions and pop psychology suggest that helping others leads to higher levels of happiness, the existing evidence only weakly supports this causal claim: research in psychology, economics, and neuroscience exploring the benefits of charitable giving has...
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Keywords:
Advertising;
Cost vs Benefits;
Philanthropy and Charitable Giving;
Outcome or Result;
Relationships;
Research;
Behavior;
Happiness;
Motivation and Incentives
Anik, L., L. B. Aknin, M. I. Norton, and E. W. Dunn. "Feeling Good about Giving: The Benefits (and Costs) of Self-interested Charitable Behavior." In The Science of Giving: Experimental Approaches to the Study of Charity, edited by D. M. Oppenheimer and C. Y. Olivola. Psychology Press, 2010.
- 2010
- Working Paper
Prosocial Spending and Well-Being: Cross-Cultural Evidence for a Psychological Universal
By: Lara B. Aknin, Christopher P. Barrington-Leigh, Elizabeth W. Dunn, John F. Helliwell, Robert Biswas-Diener, Imelda Kemeza, Paul Nyende, Claire Ashton-James and Michael I. Norton
This research provides the first support for a possible psychological universal: human beings around the world derive emotional benefits from using their financial resources to help others (prosocial spending). Analyzing survey data from 136 countries, we show that...
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Keywords:
Spending;
Philanthropy and Charitable Giving;
Happiness;
Motivation and Incentives;
Welfare;
Uganda;
Canada
Aknin, Lara B., Christopher P. Barrington-Leigh, Elizabeth W. Dunn, John F. Helliwell, Robert Biswas-Diener, Imelda Kemeza, Paul Nyende, Claire Ashton-James, and Michael I. Norton. "Prosocial Spending and Well-Being: Cross-Cultural Evidence for a Psychological Universal." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 11-038, September 2010.
- August 2010 (Revised November 2020)
- Module Note
Integrating Around the Job to Be Done
By: Clayton Christensen, Rory McDonald, Laura E Day and Shaye Roseman
Unlike traditional market segmentations that are based on a correlation of product sales or service with the attributes of the purchaser (such as age, gender, income level, and education level), jobs-based segmentation seeks to understand the causal roots of...
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Keywords:
Integration Planning;
Jobs;
Market Segmentation;
Customer Satisfaction;
Marketing;
Jobs and Positions;
Marketing Strategy;
Segmentation;
Integration;
Planning
Christensen, Clayton, Rory McDonald, Laura E Day, and Shaye Roseman. "Integrating Around the Job to Be Done." Harvard Business School Module Note 611-004, August 2010. (Revised November 2020.)
- June 2010 (Revised October 2010)
- Course Overview Note
Building and Sustaining a Successful Enterprise
By: Willy C. Shih
This Module Note for Instructors outlines the structure and content of the Building and Sustaining a Successful Enterprise MBA second year elective course at the Harvard Business School. The course focuses on giving students a solid grounding in the construction of...
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- 2010
- Working Paper
Men as Cultural Ideals: How Culture Shapes Gender Stereotypes
By: Amy J.C. Cuddy, Susan Crotty, Jihye Chong and Michael I. Norton
Three studies demonstrate how culture shapes the contents of gender stereotypes, such that men are perceived as possessing more of whatever traits are culturally valued. In Study 1, Americans rated men as less interdependent than women; Koreans, however, showed the...
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Cuddy, Amy J.C., Susan Crotty, Jihye Chong, and Michael I. Norton. "Men as Cultural Ideals: How Culture Shapes Gender Stereotypes." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 10-097, May 2010.
- 2010
- Working Paper
A New Model of Integrity: The Missing Factor Of Production (PDF file of Keynote and PowerPoint Slides)
By: Michael C. Jensen, Kari L. Granger and Werner Erhard
An Actionable Pathway To Dramatic Increases In Individual And Organizational Performance.
Full Day Executive Program Seminar taught at Olin Business School, Washington University, St. Louis, MO.
Workshop Objectives:
To provide you and your... View Details
Keywords:
Performance Improvement;
Programs;
Trust;
Competitive Advantage;
Value Creation;
Washington (state, US)
Jensen, Michael C., Kari L. Granger, and Werner Erhard. "A New Model of Integrity: The Missing Factor Of Production (PDF file of Keynote and PowerPoint Slides)." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 10-087, March 2010.
- 2010
- Working Paper
Integrity: A Positive Model That Incorporates the Normative Phenomena of Morality, Ethics, and Legality Abridged
By: Werner H. Erhard, Michael C. Jensen and Steve Zaffron
We present a positive model of integrity that, as we distinguish and define integrity, provides powerful access to increased performance for individuals, groups, organizations, and societies. Our model reveals the causal link between integrity and increased...
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Keywords:
Trust;
Performance Productivity;
Information Technology;
Knowledge;
Moral Sensibility;
Opportunities;
Competitive Advantage;
Legal Liability;
Cost vs Benefits
Erhard, Werner H., Michael C. Jensen, and Steve Zaffron. "Integrity: A Positive Model That Incorporates the Normative Phenomena of Morality, Ethics, and Legality Abridged." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 10-061, February 2010.
- 2010
- Working Paper
Beyond Agency Theory: The Hidden and Heretofore Inaccessible Power of Integrity (PDF file of Keynote Slides)
By: Michael C. Jensen and Werner Erhard
There is far too much concern today about the conflicts of interest between people; for example, conflicts of interest between agents and owners—historically a favorite topic of Jensen—and not enough attention paid to the damage caused by an individual's conflict of... View Details
- 2014
- Working Paper
The Global Agglomeration of Multinational Firms
By: Laura Alfaro and Maggie Chen
The explosion of multinational activities in recent decades is rapidly transforming the global landscape of industrial production. But are the emerging clusters of multinational production the rule or the exception? What drives the offshore agglomeration of...
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Keywords:
Geographic Location;
Multinational Firms and Management;
Globalized Markets and Industries;
Market Entry and Exit;
Industry Clusters
Alfaro, Laura, and Maggie Chen. "The Global Agglomeration of Multinational Firms." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 10-043, December 2009. (Revised April 2014. NBER Working Paper Series, No. 15576, December 2009)
- 2009
- Working Paper
Feeling Good about Giving: The Benefits (and Costs) of Self-Interested Charitable Behavior
By: Lalin Anik, Lara B. Aknin, Michael I. Norton and Elizabeth W. Dunn
While lay intuitions and pop psychology suggest that helping others leads to higher levels of happiness, the existing evidence only weakly supports this causal claim: Research in psychology, economics, and neuroscience exploring the benefits of charitable giving has...
View Details
Keywords:
Philanthropy and Charitable Giving;
Research;
Behavior;
Happiness;
Motivation and Incentives
Anik, Lalin, Lara B. Aknin, Michael I. Norton, and Elizabeth W. Dunn. "Feeling Good about Giving: The Benefits (and Costs) of Self-Interested Charitable Behavior." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 10-012, August 2009.
- Article
Why Doesn't Capitalism Flow to Poor Countries?
By: Rafael Di Tella and Robert MacCulloch
We show that capitalism is far from common around the world. Outside a small group of rich countries, heavy regulation of business, leftist rhetoric, and interventionist beliefs flourish. We relate these phenomena to the presence of corruption, with causality running...
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Keywords:
Crime and Corruption;
Voting;
Economic Systems;
Fairness;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Emotions
Di Tella, Rafael, and Robert MacCulloch. "Why Doesn't Capitalism Flow to Poor Countries?" Brookings Papers on Economic Activity (Spring 2009): 285–321.
- 2009
- Article
The Dynamics of Silencing Conflict
By: Leslie Perlow and Nelson Repenning
In many organizations, when people perceive a difference with another they often do not fully express themselves. Despite creating innumerable problems, silencing conflict is a persistent phenomenon. While the antecedents of acts of silence are well documented, little...
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Perlow, Leslie, and Nelson Repenning. "The Dynamics of Silencing Conflict." Research in Organizational Behavior 29 (2009): 195–223.
- October 2007
- Article
The Effectiveness of Pre-Release Advertising for Motion Pictures: An Empirical Investigation Using a Simulated Market
By: Anita Elberse and Bharat N. Anand
One of the most visible and publicized trends in the movie industry is the escalation in movie advertising expenditures over time. Yet, the returns to movie advertising are poorly understood. The main reason is that disentangling the causal effect of advertising on...
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Keywords:
Advertising;
Stocks;
Investment Return;
Price;
Revenue;
Quality;
Mathematical Methods;
Motion Pictures and Video Industry
Elberse, Anita, and Bharat N. Anand. "The Effectiveness of Pre-Release Advertising for Motion Pictures: An Empirical Investigation Using a Simulated Market." Information Economics and Policy 19, nos. 3-4 (October 2007): 319–343. (Special Issue on Economics of the Media.)
- July 2006
- Article
Bringing History (Back) into International Business
By: G. Jones and Tarun Khanna
We argue that the field of international business should evolve its rhetoric from the relatively uncontroversial idea that 'history matters' to exploring how it matters. We discuss four conceptual channels through which history matters, illustrating each with a major...
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Jones, G., and Tarun Khanna. "Bringing History (Back) into International Business." Journal of International Business Studies 37, no. 4 (July 2006): 453–468.
- March 2004
- Article
Do Police Reduce Crime? Estimates Using the Allocation of Police Forces after a Terrorist Attack
By: Rafael Di Tella and Ernesto Schargrodsky
An important challenge in the crime literature is to isolate causal effects of police on crime. Following a terrorist attack on the main Jewish center in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in July 1994, all Jewish institutions received police protection. Thus, this hideous event...
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Di Tella, Rafael, and Ernesto Schargrodsky. "Do Police Reduce Crime? Estimates Using the Allocation of Police Forces after a Terrorist Attack." American Economic Review 94, no. 1 (March 2004): 115–33.
- winter 2000
- Article
Assessing the Impact of Venture Capital to Innovation
By: Samuel Kortum and Josh Lerner
We examine the influence of venture capital on patented inventions in the United States across twenty industries over three decades. We address concerns about causality in several ways, including exploiting a 1979 policy shift that spurred venture capital fundraising....
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Kortum, Samuel, and Josh Lerner. "Assessing the Impact of Venture Capital to Innovation." RAND Journal of Economics 31, no. 4 (winter 2000): 674–692. (Supplemental appendix.)
- February 1994
- Background Note
Causal Inference
Discusses what causation is and what one can (and cannot) learn about causation from observational (nonexperimental) data.
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Schleifer, Arthur, Jr. "Causal Inference." Harvard Business School Background Note 894-032, February 1994.
- 1982
- Article
When Self-Descriptions Contradict Behavior: Actions do Speak Louder than Words
By: T. M. Amabile and L. Kabat
Subjects viewed two videotapes, one depicting a stimulus person's self-description and the other depicting that person's behavior in a conversation, according to a four-way factorial design personality descriptor used in the self-description ("introvert" or...
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Amabile, T. M., and L. Kabat. "When Self-Descriptions Contradict Behavior: Actions do Speak Louder than Words." Social Cognition 1 (1982): 311–335.