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      • Faculty Publications  (60)

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      • May 2022
      • Article

      Variance Analysis: New Insights from Health Care Applications

      By: Robert S. Kaplan and Susanna Gallani
      We use a health care application to illustrate how variance analysis can be used to benchmark costs across similar service delivery sites. Variances for personnel costs, typically the largest cost component in service organizations, are calculated for price, quantity,...  View Details
      Keywords: Variance Analysis; Benchmarking; Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing; Health Care; Activity Based Costing and Management; Health Care and Treatment; Service Delivery; Service Industry
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      Kaplan, Robert S., and Susanna Gallani. "Variance Analysis: New Insights from Health Care Applications." Issues in Accounting Education 37, no. 2 (May 2022): 27–36.
      • March 2022
      • Background Note

      Climate Challenges for Cities: Introduction to Issues and Actions in the United States

      By: Rosabeth Moss Kanter and Catarina Mia Martinez
      This background Note introduces the implications of climate change (global warming) for American cities. In the U.S., partisan political divides and unaddressed economic and racial disparities in climate vulnerabilities can inhibit action. The two main fronts for...  View Details
      Keywords: Climate Change; Cities; Emission Reduction; Change; Change Leadership; Electric Power Generation; Transportation; Recycling; Green Business; Green Building; Ecosystem; Construction; Systems Change; Cross-sector Collaboration; Adaptation; Geographic Location; Resource Allocation; Infrastructure; Government and Politics; Social Issues; Urban Development; United States
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      Kanter, Rosabeth Moss, and Catarina Mia Martinez. "Climate Challenges for Cities: Introduction to Issues and Actions in the United States." Harvard Business School Background Note 322-103, March 2022.
      • February 8, 2022
      • Article

      Time-Driven Activity-Based Cost Comparison of Treating Five Acute, Low-Severity Conditions

      By: Alan Yang, Andy Hung-Yi Lee, Joseph W. Kopp, Katherine D. Rose, Adam M. Licurse, Philip D. Anderson and Robert S. Kaplan
      In 2017, patients made 145 million visits to emergency departments (EDs), generating $76.3 billion in charges. About a third of ED visits, however, were for conditions that were treatable in lower-resourced settings. We used time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC)...  View Details
      Keywords: Time-Driven ABC; Health Care Costs; Activity Based Costing and Management; Health Care and Treatment
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      Yang, Alan, Andy Hung-Yi Lee, Joseph W. Kopp, Katherine D. Rose, Adam M. Licurse, Philip D. Anderson, and Robert S. Kaplan. "Time-Driven Activity-Based Cost Comparison of Treating Five Acute, Low-Severity Conditions." NEJM Catalyst (February 8, 2022).
      • January 2022
      • Background Note

      Common Prosperity? China Shifts Left

      By: William C. Kirby and Noah B. Truwit
      Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has been mistrustful of entrepreneurs and the private sector that operates outside the government’s authority. In its first decades under Mao Zedong, the CCP...  View Details
      Keywords: Market Reform; Gdp; Government Administration; Government and Politics; Private Sector; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Economy; Globalized Economies and Regions; Entrepreneurship; Business and Government Relations; Globalized Markets and Industries; Social Issues; Society; Economic Growth; China
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      Kirby, William C., and Noah B. Truwit. "Common Prosperity? China Shifts Left." Harvard Business School Background Note 322-069, January 2022.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Understanding Rural Households' Time Use in a Developing Setting: Validating a Low-Cost Time Use Module

      By: Erica M Field, Rohini Pande, Natalia Rigol, Simone G. Schaner, Elena M. Stacy and Charity M. Troyer Moore
      Time use data facilitate deeper understanding of individual labor supply choices, especially for women, who are more likely to engage in unpaid care and home production. However, traditional time use data collection methods are time-consuming, expensive and susceptible...  View Details
      Keywords: Time Use; Household; Rural Scope; Developing Countries and Economies; Time Management; Analytics and Data Science; Surveys
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      Field, Erica M., Rohini Pande, Natalia Rigol, Simone G. Schaner, Elena M. Stacy, and Charity M. Troyer Moore. "Understanding Rural Households' Time Use in a Developing Setting: Validating a Low-Cost Time Use Module." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 29671, January 2022.
      • September 2021
      • Case

      Community Solutions

      By: Brian Trelstad and Tom Quinn
      Community Solutions was an anti-homelessness nonprofit founded in 2011 after protagonist Rosanne Haggerty grew frustrated with the limited impact of traditional housing and outreach strategies. It set an ambitious goal, reached in some partner communities, of ending...  View Details
      Keywords: Change; Change Management; Disruption; Transformation; Communication; Communication Strategy; Decision Making; Cost vs Benefits; Decision Choices and Conditions; Decisions; Forecasting and Prediction; Social Entrepreneurship; Ethics; Values and Beliefs; Capital Budgeting; Capital Markets; Country; Government Administration; Government Legislation; Housing; Disruptive Innovation; Innovation and Invention; Innovation Strategy; Knowledge Sharing; Leading Change; Resource Allocation; Mission and Purpose; Performance Evaluation; Performance Improvement; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Opportunities; Social Enterprise; Nonprofit Organizations; Human Needs; Public Opinion; Social Issues; Societal Protocols; Poverty; Welfare; Well-being; System; Equality and Inequality; Consulting Industry; Real Estate Industry; United States; New York (city, NY); Florida; Texas
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      Trelstad, Brian, and Tom Quinn. "Community Solutions." Harvard Business School Case 322-021, September 2021.
      • July 2020
      • Article

      Who Should Select New Employees, Headquarters or the Unit Manager? Consequences of Centralizing Hiring at a Retail Chain

      By: Carolyn Deller and Tatiana Sandino
      We examine how changing the allocation of hiring decision rights in a multiunit organization affects employee-firm match quality, contingent on a unit’s circumstances. Our research site, a U.S. retail chain, switched from a decentralized hiring model (hiring by...  View Details
      Keywords: Control; Selection; Decentralization; Company Values; Retail Chains; Employees; Selection and Staffing; Local Range; Business Headquarters; Decision Making
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      Deller, Carolyn, and Tatiana Sandino. "Who Should Select New Employees, Headquarters or the Unit Manager? Consequences of Centralizing Hiring at a Retail Chain." Accounting Review 95, no. 4 (July 2020): 173–198.
      • December 2019
      • Article

      Costly Concessions: An Empirical Framework for Matching with Imperfectly Transferable Utility

      By: Alfred Galichon, Scott Duke Kominers and Simon Weber
      We introduce an empirical framework for models of matching with imperfectly transferable utility and unobserved heterogeneity in tastes. Our framework allows us to characterize matching equilibrium in a flexible way that includes as special cases the classic fully- and...  View Details
      Keywords: Sorting; Matching; Marriage Market; Intrahousehold Allocation; Imperfectly Transferable Utility; Marketplace Matching; Mathematical Methods
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      Galichon, Alfred, Scott Duke Kominers, and Simon Weber. "Costly Concessions: An Empirical Framework for Matching with Imperfectly Transferable Utility." Journal of Political Economy 127, no. 6 (December 2019): 2875–2925.
      • May 2018
      • Case

      The Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation's Answer Fund

      By: Richard G. Hamermesh and Matthew G. Preble
      Keywords: Data Analytics; Customer Focus and Relationships; Customer Relationship Management; Cost vs Benefits; Investment Return; Health Care and Treatment; Innovation Leadership; Intellectual Property; Knowledge Sharing; Knowledge Dissemination; Leadership; Leading Change; Resource Allocation; Goals and Objectives; Marketing Communications; Performance; Programs; Projects; Business and Community Relations; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Networks; Partners and Partnerships; Research and Development; Genetics; Behavior; Motivation and Incentives; Social and Collaborative Networks; Nonprofit Organizations; Strategy; Health Industry; Pharmaceutical Industry; Biotechnology Industry; United States
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      Hamermesh, Richard G., and Matthew G. Preble. "The Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation's Answer Fund." Harvard Business School Case 818-045, May 2018.
      • Article

      Orienteering for Electioneering

      By: Jonah Kallenbach, Robert Kleinberg and Scott Duke Kominers
      In this paper, we introduce a combinatorial optimization problem that models the investment decision a political candidate faces when treating his or her opponents’ campaign plans as given. Our formulation accounts for both the time cost of traveling between districts...  View Details
      Keywords: Political Elections; Resource Allocation; Time Management; Analysis
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      Kallenbach, Jonah, Robert Kleinberg, and Scott Duke Kominers. "Orienteering for Electioneering." Operations Research Letters 46, no. 2 (March 2018): 205–210.
      • Article

      TDABC Cost Analysis of Ocular Disorders in an Ophthalmology Emergency Department versus Urgent Care: Clinical Experience at Massachusetts Eye and Ear

      By: Robert S. Kaplan, Jonathan Chou, Mahek Shah, Amy Watts, Matthew Gardiner, Joan Miller and John I. Lowenstein
      Purpose  To perform a cost analysis comparison for managing common ocular disorders in an eye emergency department (ED) versus an urgent care setting using a time-driven activity-based cost model (TDABC) to assist physicians and staff in appropriate allocation of...  View Details
      Keywords: Time-driven Activity-based Cost Model; Emergency Room; Urgent Care Clinic; Cost; Analysis; Activity Based Costing and Management; Health Care and Treatment
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      Kaplan, Robert S., Jonathan Chou, Mahek Shah, Amy Watts, Matthew Gardiner, Joan Miller, and John I. Lowenstein. "TDABC Cost Analysis of Ocular Disorders in an Ophthalmology Emergency Department versus Urgent Care: Clinical Experience at Massachusetts Eye and Ear." Journal of Academic Ophthalmology 10 (2018).
      • Fourth Quarter 2017
      • Article

      Optimal Tilts: Combining Persistent Characteristic Portfolios

      By: Malcolm Baker, Ryan Taliaferro and Terry Burnham
      We examine the optimal weighting of four tilts in U.S. equity markets from 1968 through 2014. We define a “tilt” as a characteristic-based portfolio strategy that requires relatively low annual turnover. This is a continuum, with small size (a very persistent...  View Details
      Keywords: Risk Anomaly; Beta; Capital Asset Pricing Model; Factor Investing
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      Baker, Malcolm, Ryan Taliaferro, and Terry Burnham. "Optimal Tilts: Combining Persistent Characteristic Portfolios." Financial Analysts Journal 73, no. 4 (Fourth Quarter 2017): 75–89.
      • September 2017 (Revised July 2021)
      • Case

      Asset Allocation at the Cook County Pension Fund

      By: Emil Siriwardane, Juliane Begenau and Yuval Gonczarowski
      Nickol Hackett, chief investment officer of the Cook County Pension Fund, is responsible for investing the fund’s $9 billion worth of assets on behalf of the employees of Cook County, Illinois. Like many other defined-benefit pensions at the time, the Cook County...  View Details
      Keywords: Asset Management; Investment Funds; Financial Strategy; Decision Choices and Conditions
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      Siriwardane, Emil, Juliane Begenau, and Yuval Gonczarowski. "Asset Allocation at the Cook County Pension Fund." Harvard Business School Case 218-030, September 2017. (Revised July 2021.)
      • August 2017
      • Case

      Infection Control at Massachusetts General Hospital (Abridged)

      By: Robert S. Huckman and Nikolaos Trichakis
      The case explores the challenges facing Massachusetts General Hospital concerning the adoption of a new infection control policy, which promises to improve operational performance, patient safety, and profitability. The new policy requires coordination between...  View Details
      Keywords: Safety; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Integration; Health Care and Treatment; Policy; Health Industry; Boston
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      Huckman, Robert S., and Nikolaos Trichakis. "Infection Control at Massachusetts General Hospital (Abridged)." Harvard Business School Case 618-018, August 2017.
      • 2019
      • Chapter

      Return on Invested Capital (ROIC)

      By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
      Return on invested capital (ROIC) is a financial measure of the profitability of a firm or business unit. If it is greater than the business's cost of capital, then reinvestment of earnings increases shareholder VALUE. The ROIC also determines a maximum self-sustaining...  View Details
      Keywords: Capital Efficiency; Dupont Analysis; Financial Metrics; Schumpeterian Competition; Sustainable Growth; Competitive Advantage; Financial Strategy; Resource Allocation; Valuation; Value Creation
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      Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Return on Invested Capital (ROIC)." In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Strategic Management. Continuously updated edition, edited by Mie Augier and David J. Teece. Palgrave Macmillan, 2017. Electronic. (Pre-published, October 2013.)
      • 2017
      • Working Paper

      Cooperative Strategic Games

      By: Elon Kohlberg and Abraham Neyman
      We examine a solution concept, called the “value," for n-person strategic games. In applications, the value provides an a-priori assessment of the monetary worth of a player's position in a strategic game, comprising not only the player's contribution to the total...  View Details
      Keywords: Game Theory
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      Kohlberg, Elon, and Abraham Neyman. "Cooperative Strategic Games." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 17-075, February 2017.
      • 2016
      • Working Paper

      The Structure of Board Committees

      By: Kevin D. Chen and Andy Wu
      We document and analyze board committee structures utilizing a novel dataset containing full board committee membership for over 6,000 firms. Board committees provide benefits (specialization, efficiency, and accountability benefits) and costs (information...  View Details
      Keywords: Board Of Directors; Board Committees; Specialization; Accountability; Information Segregation; Overloaded Directors; Multi-commitee Directors; Sarbanes-Oxley Act; Corporate Accountability; Governing and Advisory Boards; Accounting; Corporate Governance
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      Chen, Kevin D., and Andy Wu. "The Structure of Board Committees." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 17-032, October 2016.
      • September 2016 (Revised October 2018)
      • Case

      Springfield Hospital

      By: Susanna Gallani and Robert Kaplan
      One of the key roles of costing systems is to support the evaluation of performance and facilitate appropriate resource allocations. Through participation in a comparative cost study, management at Springfield Hospital, known for its heavy focus on operational...  View Details
      Keywords: Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing; Variance Analysis; Activity Based Costing and Management; Health Care and Treatment; Health Industry
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      Gallani, Susanna, and Robert Kaplan. "Springfield Hospital." Harvard Business School Case 117-025, September 2016. (Revised October 2018.)
      • September 2016
      • Article

      Do Display Ads Influence Search?: Attribution and Dynamics in Online Advertising

      By: Pavel Kireyev, Koen Pauwels and Sunil Gupta
      As firms increasingly rely on online media to acquire consumers, marketing managers feel comfortable justifying higher online marketing spending by referring to online metrics such as click-through rate (CTR) and cost per acquisition (CPA). However, these standard...  View Details
      Keywords: Internet and the Web; Digital Marketing
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      Kireyev, Pavel, Koen Pauwels, and Sunil Gupta. "Do Display Ads Influence Search? Attribution and Dynamics in Online Advertising." International Journal of Research in Marketing 33, no. 3 (September 2016): 475–490.
      • 2016
      • Article

      Organizational Decision-Making and Information: Angel Investments by Venture Capital Partners

      By: Andy Wu
      We study information aggregation in organizational decision-making for the financing of entrepreneurial ventures. We introduce a formal model of voting where agents face costly tacit information to improve their decision quality. Equilibrium outcomes suggest a...  View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurial Finance; Angel Investors; Organization Design; Voting; Group Decision-making; Information; Strategy; Organizations; Entrepreneurship; Decision Making; Financing and Loans
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      Wu, Andy. "Organizational Decision-Making and Information: Angel Investments by Venture Capital Partners." Academy of Management Best Paper Proceedings (2016): 189–194.
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