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All HBS Web
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- Faculty Publications (115)
- July 2012
- Article
The Real Consequences of Market Segmentation
By: Sergey Chernenko and Adi Sunderam
We study the real effects of market segmentation due to credit ratings using a matched sample of firms just above and just below the investment-grade cutoff. These firms have similar observables, including average investment rates. However, flows into high-yield mutual...
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Keywords:
Segmentation;
Credit;
Investment;
Investment Funds;
Quality;
Markets;
Measurement and Metrics;
Business Ventures
Chernenko, Sergey, and Adi Sunderam. "The Real Consequences of Market Segmentation." Review of Financial Studies 25, no. 7 (July 2012). (Winner of the RFS Young Researcher Prize 2012.)
- 2012
- Working Paper
Reaching for Yield in the Bond Market
By: Bo Becker and Victoria Ivashina
Reaching-for-yield—the propensity to buy riskier assets in order to achieve higher yields—is believed to be an important factor contributing to the credit cycle. This paper analyses this phenomenon in the corporate bond market. Specifically, we show evidence for...
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Keywords:
Fixed Income;
Reaching For Yield;
Financial Intermediation;
Insurance Companies;
Insurance;
Bonds;
Assets;
Risk Management;
Investment Return;
Investment Portfolio;
Insurance Industry
Becker, Bo, and Victoria Ivashina. "Reaching for Yield in the Bond Market." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 12-103, May 2012. (Revised December 2012. NBER Working Paper Series, No. 18909, March 2013)
- May 18, 2012
- Article
Randomized Government Safety Inspections Reduce Worker Injuries with No Detectable Job Loss
By: David I Levine, Michael W. Toffel and Matthew S. Johnson
Controversy surrounds occupational health and safety regulators, with some observers claiming that workplace regulations damage firms' competitiveness and destroy jobs and others arguing that they make workplaces safer at little cost to employers and employees. We...
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Keywords:
Regulation;
Occupational Safety;
Evaluation;
Regression;
Matching;
Difference In Differences;
Safety;
Health;
Working Conditions;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Competitive Advantage;
Performance;
Manufacturing Industry;
California
Levine, David I., Michael W. Toffel, and Matthew S. Johnson. "Randomized Government Safety Inspections Reduce Worker Injuries with No Detectable Job Loss." Science 336, no. 6083 (May 18, 2012): 907–911. (Online supplement (appendix). Featured in an article by the head of US OSHA, and in U.S. News & World Report and many other news outlets. Basis of U.S. Congressional testimony on promoting safe workplaces.)
- April 2012
- Article
Bouncing Out of the Banking System: An Empirical Analysis of Involuntary Bank Account Closures
By: Dennis Campbell, F. Asis Martinez-Jerez and Peter Tufano
Using a new database, we document the factors that relate to the extent of involuntary consumer bank account closure resulting from excessive overdraft activity. Consumers who have accounts involuntarily closed for overdraft activity may have limited or no access to...
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Keywords:
Mathematical Methods;
Customers;
Social Issues;
Outcome or Result;
Budgets and Budgeting;
Forecasting and Prediction;
Competition;
Banks and Banking;
Policy;
Personal Characteristics;
Credit;
Employment;
United States
Campbell, Dennis, F. Asis Martinez-Jerez, and Peter Tufano. "Bouncing Out of the Banking System: An Empirical Analysis of Involuntary Bank Account Closures." Journal of Banking & Finance 36, no. 4 (April 2012): 1224–1235.
- 2011
- Chapter
The Economics of Housing Finance Reform
By: David S. Scharfstein and Adi Sunderam
This paper analyzes the two leading types of proposals for reform of the housing finance system: (i) broad-based, explicit, priced government guarantees of mortgage-backed securities (MBS) and (ii) privatization. Both proposals have drawbacks. Properly-priced...
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Keywords:
Economics;
Housing;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Policy;
Government and Politics
Scharfstein, David S., and Adi Sunderam. "The Economics of Housing Finance Reform." In The Future of Housing Finance: Restructuring the U.S. Residential Mortgage Market, edited by Martin Neil Baily. Brookings Institution Press, 2011.
- March 2011
- Article
Institutional Demand Pressure and the Cost of Corporate Loans
By: Victoria Ivashina and Zheng Sun
Between 2001 and 2007, annual institutional funding in highly leveraged loans went up from $32 billion to $426 billion, accounting for nearly 70% of the jump in total syndicated loan issuance over the same period. Did the inflow of institutional funding in the...
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Keywords:
Leveraged Buyouts;
Financial Crisis;
Credit;
Debt Securities;
Financing and Loans;
Interest Rates;
Investment
Ivashina, Victoria, and Zheng Sun. "Institutional Demand Pressure and the Cost of Corporate Loans ." Journal of Financial Economics 99, no. 3 (March 2011): 500–522.
- October 2010 (Revised November 2010)
- Case
The Export-Import Bank of the United States
By: C. Fritz Foley and Matthew Johnson
In the fall of 2009, Fred Hochberg, chairman of the Export-Import Bank of the United States (Ex-Im), and his team struggled to find a way to help finance the sale of Boeing aircraft to Emirates. Ex-Im responds to the challenges in the credit market with an innovative...
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Keywords:
Trade;
Credit;
Financing and Loans;
International Finance;
Banking Industry;
United States
Foley, C. Fritz, and Matthew Johnson. "The Export-Import Bank of the United States." Harvard Business School Case 211-032, October 2010. (Revised November 2010.)
- October 2010
- Supplement
The Export-Import Bank of the United States (CW)
By: C. Fritz Foley and Matthew Johnson
In the fall of 2009, Fred Hochberg, Chairman of The Export-Import Bank of the United States (Ex-Im), and his team struggled to find a way to help finance the sale of Boeing aircraft to Emirates. Ex-Im responds to the challenges in credit market with an innovative...
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- 2010
- Working Paper
Crashes and Collateralized Lending
By: Jakub W. Jurek and Erik Stafford
This paper develops a parsimonious static model for characterizing financing terms in collateralized lending markets. We characterize the systematic risk exposures for a variety of securities and develop a simple indifference-pricing framework to value the systematic...
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Keywords:
Financial Crisis;
Borrowing and Debt;
Cost of Capital;
Credit;
Financing and Loans;
Interest Rates;
Investment;
Framework;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Financial Services Industry
Jurek, Jakub W., and Erik Stafford. "Crashes and Collateralized Lending." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 11-025, September 2010.
- September 2010
- Article
How Firms Respond to Being Rated
By: Aaron K. Chatterji and Michael W. Toffel
While many rating systems seek to help buyers overcome information asymmetries when making purchasing decisions, we investigate how these ratings also influence the companies being rated. We hypothesize that ratings are particularly likely to spur responses from firms...
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Keywords:
System;
Information;
Decisions;
Cost;
Opportunities;
Performance;
Business and Stakeholder Relations;
Economics;
Theory;
System Shocks;
Rank and Position
Chatterji, Aaron K., and Michael W. Toffel. "How Firms Respond to Being Rated." Strategic Management Journal 31, no. 9 (September 2010): 917–945. (Lead article.)
- 2010
- Mimeo
An Analysis of the Impact of 'Substantially Heightened' Capital Requirements on Large Financial Institutions
By: Anil Kashyap, Jeremy C. Stein and Samuel G. Hanson
We examine the impact of "substantially heightened" capital requirements on large financial institutions, and on their customers. Our analysis yields three main conclusions. First, the frictions associated with raising new external equity finance are likely to be...
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Keywords:
Financial Institutions;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Capital;
Equity;
Financing and Loans;
Credit
Kashyap, Anil, Jeremy C. Stein, and Samuel G. Hanson. "An Analysis of the Impact of 'Substantially Heightened' Capital Requirements on Large Financial Institutions." 2010. Mimeo.
- May 2010
- Article
Loan Syndication and Credit Cycles
By: Victoria Ivashina and David Scharfstein
Cyclicality in the supply of business credit has been the focus of a considerable amount of research. This cyclicality can stem from shocks to borrowers' collateral, which affect firms' ability to raise capital if agency and information problems are significant (Ben S....
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Keywords:
Business Cycles;
Capital;
Credit;
Banks and Banking;
Financing and Loans;
System Shocks;
Financial Services Industry
Ivashina, Victoria, and David Scharfstein. "Loan Syndication and Credit Cycles." American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings 100, no. 2 (May 2010): 57–61.
- 2010
- Other Unpublished Work
God, Government and Outsiders: The Influence of Religious Beliefs on Depositor Behavior in an Emerging Market.
By: Ayesha K. Khan and Tarun Khanna
This paper provides evidence that religious beliefs can have a significant impact on individual financial choices. Using proprietary panel data on the distribution of bank deposits across all commercial banks in Pakistan over a 33-month period, I find that Islamic...
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- Article
Capital Market-Driven Corporate Finance
By: Malcolm Baker
Much of empirical corporate finance focuses on sources of the demand for various forms of capital, not the supply. Recently, this has changed. Supply effects of equity and credit markets can arise from a combination of three ingredients: investor tastes, limited...
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Keywords:
Behavioral Finance;
Limits To Arbitrage;
Market Efficiency;
Securities Issuance;
Supply Effects;
Corporate Finance;
Investment;
Price;
Capital Markets;
Equity;
Financial Services Industry
Baker, Malcolm. "Capital Market-Driven Corporate Finance." Annual Review of Financial Economics 1 (2009): 181–205.
- Article
The Economics of Structured Finance
By: Joshua D. Coval, Jakub W. Jurek and Erik Stafford
This paper investigates the spectacular rise and fall of structured finance. The essence of structured finance activities is the pooling of economic assets like loans, bonds, and mortgages, and the subsequent issuance of a prioritized capital structure of claims, known...
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Keywords:
Financial Crisis;
Asset Management;
Debt Securities;
Investment;
Risk Management;
Behavior
Coval, Joshua D., Jakub W. Jurek, and Erik Stafford. "The Economics of Structured Finance." Journal of Economic Perspectives 23, no. 1 (Winter 2009): 3–25.
- April 2009 (Revised June 2010)
- Case
U.S. Subprime Mortgage Crisis: Policy Reactions (B)
By: Laura Alfaro and Renee Kim
In March 2009, the U.S. economy was in a severe recession not seen since the Great Depression after the subprime mortgage crisis had spiraled out of control. The situation had dramatically changed in one year since the Federal Reserve Board had helped to bailout...
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Keywords:
Financial Crisis;
Central Banking;
Mortgages;
Globalized Economies and Regions;
Policy;
United States
Alfaro, Laura, and Renee Kim. "U.S. Subprime Mortgage Crisis: Policy Reactions (B)." Harvard Business School Case 709-045, April 2009. (Revised June 2010.)
- February 2009 (Revised February 2022)
- Case
Fannie Mae: Public or Private?
By: David A. Moss, Cole Bolton and Kimberly Hagan
In 1987, President Ronald Reagan established the President's Commission on Privatization to identify federal government functions that could be shifted to the private sector. One agency that the Commission considered was the Federal National Mortgage Association, or...
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Keywords:
Restructuring;
Financial Institutions;
Mortgages;
Government and Politics;
Business History;
Privatization;
Private Sector;
Laws and Statutes;
United States
Moss, David A., Cole Bolton, and Kimberly Hagan. "Fannie Mae: Public or Private?" Harvard Business School Case 709-025, February 2009. (Revised February 2022.)
- May 2009
- Article
Asymmetric Information Effects on Loan Spreads
The paper estimates the cost arising from information asymmetry between the lead bank and members of the lending syndicate. In a lending syndicate, the lead bank retains only a fraction of the loan but acts as the intermediary between the borrower and the syndicate...
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Keywords:
Cost;
Banks and Banking;
Financing and Loans;
Interest Rates;
Capital;
Investment Portfolio;
Credit;
Diversification;
Risk and Uncertainty
Ivashina, Victoria. "Asymmetric Information Effects on Loan Spreads." Journal of Financial Economics 92, no. 2 (May 2009): 300–319.
- October 2008
- Teaching Note
Samoa Tala (TN)
By: Joshua D. Coval, Bhagwan Chowdhry and Konark Saxena
Teaching Note for [209053].
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- September 2008 (Revised September 2011)
- Background Note
Note: Credit Rating Agencies
The note examines the role of credit rating agencies in capital markets, with emphasis on the role of these agencies in the recent credit crisis and recommendations for change.
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Keywords:
Financial Crisis;
Capital Markets;
Credit;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Standards
Fruhan, William E. "Note: Credit Rating Agencies." Harvard Business School Background Note 209-056, September 2008. (Revised September 2011.)