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- Faculty Publications (116)
- March 2021
- Article
Deliberately Prejudiced Self-driving Vehicles Elicit the Most Outrage
By: Julian De Freitas and Mina Cikara
Should self-driving vehicles be prejudiced, e.g., deliberately harm the elderly over young children? When people make such forced-choices on the vehicle’s behalf, they exhibit systematic preferences (e.g., favor young children), yet when their options are unconstrained...
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Keywords:
Moral Judgment;
Autonomous Vehicles;
Driverless Policy;
Moral Outrage;
Moral Sensibility;
Judgments;
Transportation;
Policy
De Freitas, Julian, and Mina Cikara. "Deliberately Prejudiced Self-driving Vehicles Elicit the Most Outrage." Cognition 208 (March 2021).
- 2021
- Working Paper
Dynamic Competition for Customer Memberships
By: Cristian Chica and Jorge Tamayo
A competitive two-period membership (subscription) market is analyzed. Two symmetric firms charge a “membership” fee that allows consumers to buy products or services at a given unit price for both periods. Firms can choose between long- or short-term memberships. When...
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Keywords:
Competitive Price Discrimination;
Membership;
Dynamic Competition;
Customers;
Markets;
Competition
Chica, Cristian, and Jorge Tamayo. "Dynamic Competition for Customer Memberships." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-091, March 2021. (R&R Journal of Economics & Management Strategy.)
- 2020
- Working Paper
Reputation Fuels Moralistic Punishment That People Judge to Be Questionably Merited
By: Jillian J. Jordan and Nour Kteily
Critics of outrage culture allege that virtue signaling fuels morally questionable punishment. But does reputation actually have the power to motivate punishment that people see as ambiguously deserved? Across four studies (total n = 9,587), among both liberals and...
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Jordan, Jillian J., and Nour Kteily. "Reputation Fuels Moralistic Punishment That People Judge to Be Questionably Merited." Working Paper, December 2020.
- November–December 2021
- Article
Does Gender Matter? The Effect of Management Responses on Reviewing Behavior
By: Davide Proserpio, Isamar Troncoso and Francesca Valsesia
We study the effect of management responses on the reviewing behavior of self-identified female and male reviewers. Using data from Tripadvisor, we show that after hotels begin to respond to reviews, the probability that a negative review comes from a self-identified...
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Keywords:
Word Of Mouth;
Online Reviews;
Management Responses;
E-commerce;
Gender;
Prejudice and Bias;
Digital Platforms;
Customers
Proserpio, Davide, Isamar Troncoso, and Francesca Valsesia. "Does Gender Matter? The Effect of Management Responses on Reviewing Behavior." Marketing Science 40, no. 6 (November–December 2021): 1199–1213.
- September 2020
- Case
The Black New Venture Competition
Black entrepreneurs encounter many unique obstacles when raising capital to start and grow a business. During their second year at Harvard Business School (HBS), MBA students Kimberly Foster and Tyler Simpson decided to do something to make a difference for...
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Keywords:
Startup;
Start-up;
Startup Financing;
Startups;
Start-ups;
African-American Protagonist;
African-american Entrepreneurs;
African-american Investors;
African-Americans;
African-American Women;
Black Leadership;
Black Inventors;
Black Entrepreneurs;
Harvard Business School;
Harvard;
Business And Society;
Early Stage Funding;
Early Stage Finance;
Technology Entrepreneurship;
Discrimination;
Technology Ventures;
Entrepreneurial Finance;
Entrepreneurial Financing;
Business Plan;
Business Startups;
Business Ventures;
Financing and Loans;
Business Growth and Maturation;
Diversity;
Gender;
Race;
Entrepreneurship;
Venture Capital;
Small Business;
Leadership;
Information Technology;
Competition;
Technology Industry
Mills, Karen, Jeffrey J. Bussgang, Martin Sinozich, and Gabriella Elanbeck. "The Black New Venture Competition." Harvard Business School Case 821-029, September 2020.
- September 2020 (Revised July 2022)
- Technical Note
Algorithmic Bias in Marketing
By: Ayelet Israeli and Eva Ascarza
This note focuses on algorithmic bias in marketing. First, it presents a variety of marketing examples in which algorithmic bias may occur. The examples are organized around the 4 P’s of marketing – promotion, price, place and product—characterizing the marketing...
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Keywords:
Algorithmic Data;
Race And Ethnicity;
Promotion;
"Marketing Analytics";
Marketing And Society;
Big Data;
Privacy;
Data-driven Management;
Data Analysis;
Data Analytics;
E-Commerce Strategy;
Discrimination;
Targeting;
Targeted Advertising;
Pricing Algorithms;
Ethical Decision Making;
Customer Heterogeneity;
Marketing;
Race;
Ethnicity;
Gender;
Diversity;
Prejudice and Bias;
Marketing Communications;
Analytics and Data Science;
Analysis;
Decision Making;
Ethics;
Customer Relationship Management;
E-commerce;
Retail Industry;
Apparel and Accessories Industry;
United States
Israeli, Ayelet, and Eva Ascarza. "Algorithmic Bias in Marketing." Harvard Business School Technical Note 521-020, September 2020. (Revised July 2022.)
- September 2020 (Revised February 2024)
- Teaching Note
Artea (A), (B), (C), and (D): Designing Targeting Strategies
By: Eva Ascarza and Ayelet Israeli
Teaching Note for HBS No. 521-021,521-022,521-037,521-043. This collection of exercises aims to teach students about 1)Targeting Policies; and 2)Algorithmic bias in marketing—implications, causes, and possible solutions. Part (A) focuses on A/B testing analysis and...
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- September 2020 (Revised July 2022)
- Exercise
Artea (B): Including Customer-level Demographic Data
By: Eva Ascarza and Ayelet Israeli
This collection of exercises aims to teach students about 1)Targeting Policies; and 2)Algorithmic bias in marketing—implications, causes, and possible solutions. Part (A) focuses on A/B testing analysis and targeting. Parts (B),(C),(D) Introduce algorithmic bias. The...
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Keywords:
Targeting;
Algorithmic Bias;
Race;
Gender;
Marketing;
Diversity;
Customer Relationship Management;
Demographics;
Prejudice and Bias;
Retail Industry;
Apparel and Accessories Industry;
Technology Industry;
United States
Ascarza, Eva, and Ayelet Israeli. "Artea (B): Including Customer-level Demographic Data." Harvard Business School Exercise 521-022, September 2020. (Revised July 2022.)
- September 2020 (Revised July 2022)
- Exercise
Artea (C): Potential Discrimination through Algorithmic Targeting
By: Eva Ascarza and Ayelet Israeli
This collection of exercises aims to teach students about 1)Targeting Policies; and 2)Algorithmic bias in marketing—implications, causes, and possible solutions. Part (A) focuses on A/B testing analysis and targeting. Parts (B),(C),(D) Introduce algorithmic bias. The...
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Keywords:
Targeting;
Algorithmic Bias;
Race;
Gender;
Marketing;
Diversity;
Customer Relationship Management;
Prejudice and Bias;
Retail Industry;
Apparel and Accessories Industry;
Technology Industry;
United States
Ascarza, Eva, and Ayelet Israeli. "Artea (C): Potential Discrimination through Algorithmic Targeting." Harvard Business School Exercise 521-037, September 2020. (Revised July 2022.)
- September 2020 (Revised July 2022)
- Exercise
Artea (D): Discrimination through Algorithmic Bias in Targeting
By: Eva Ascarza and Ayelet Israeli
This collection of exercises aims to teach students about 1)Targeting Policies; and 2)Algorithmic bias in marketing—implications, causes, and possible solutions. Part (A) focuses on A/B testing analysis and targeting. Parts (B),(C),(D) Introduce algorithmic bias. The...
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Keywords:
Targeted Advertising;
Discrimination;
Algorithmic Data;
Bias;
Advertising;
Race;
Gender;
Marketing;
Diversity;
Customer Relationship Management;
Prejudice and Bias;
Analytics and Data Science;
Retail Industry;
Apparel and Accessories Industry;
Technology Industry;
United States
Ascarza, Eva, and Ayelet Israeli. "Artea (D): Discrimination through Algorithmic Bias in Targeting." Harvard Business School Exercise 521-043, September 2020. (Revised July 2022.)
- September 2020 (Revised June 2023)
- Exercise
Artea: Designing Targeting Strategies
By: Eva Ascarza and Ayelet Israeli
This collection of exercises aims to teach students about 1)Targeting Policies; and 2)Algorithmic bias in marketing—implications, causes, and possible solutions. Part (A) focuses on A/B testing analysis and targeting. Parts (B),(C),(D) Introduce algorithmic bias. The...
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Keywords:
Algorithmic Data;
Race And Ethnicity;
Experimentation;
Promotion;
"Marketing Analytics";
Marketing And Society;
Big Data;
Privacy;
Data-driven Management;
Data Analytics;
Data Analysis;
E-Commerce Strategy;
Discrimination;
Targeted Advertising;
Targeted Policies;
Targeting;
Pricing Algorithms;
A/B Testing;
Ethical Decision Making;
Customer Base Analysis;
Customer Heterogeneity;
Coupons;
Algorithmic Bias;
Marketing;
Race;
Gender;
Diversity;
Customer Relationship Management;
Marketing Communications;
Advertising;
Decision Making;
Ethics;
E-commerce;
Analytics and Data Science;
Retail Industry;
Apparel and Accessories Industry;
United States
Ascarza, Eva, and Ayelet Israeli. "Artea: Designing Targeting Strategies." Harvard Business School Exercise 521-021, September 2020. (Revised June 2023.)
- September 2020 (Revised July 2022)
- Supplement
Spreadsheet Supplement to Artea (B) and (C)
By: Eva Ascarza and Ayelet Israeli
Spreadsheet Supplement to "Artea (B): Including Customer-level Demographic Data" and "Artea (C): Potential Discrimination through Algorithmic Targeting"
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- September 2020 (Revised June 2023)
- Supplement
Spreadsheet Supplement to Artea Teaching Note
By: Eva Ascarza and Ayelet Israeli
Spreadsheet Supplement to Artea Teaching Note 521-041. This collection of exercises aims to teach students about 1)Targeting Policies; and 2)Algorithmic bias in marketing—implications, causes, and possible solutions. Part (A) focuses on A/B testing analysis and...
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- 2020
- Working Paper
(When) Does Appearance Matter? Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial
By: Prithwiraj Choudhury, Tarun Khanna, Christos A. Makridis and Subhradip Sarker
While there is evidence about labor market discrimination based on race, religion, and gender, we know little about whether physical appearance leads to discrimination in labor market outcomes. We deploy a randomized experiment on 1,000 respondents in India between...
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Keywords:
Behavioral Economics;
Coronavirus;
Discrimination;
Homophily;
Labor Market Mobility;
Limited Attention;
Resumes;
Personal Characteristics;
Prejudice and Bias
Choudhury, Prithwiraj, Tarun Khanna, Christos A. Makridis, and Subhradip Sarker. "(When) Does Appearance Matter? Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-038, September 2020.
- 2023
- Working Paper
Racial Discrimination and the Social Contract: Evidence from U.S. Army Enlistment during WWII
By: Nancy Qian and Marco Tabellini
This paper documents several new facts about the relationship between discrimination and political exclusion and the motivation to fight in wartime. The Pearl Harbor attack triggered a sharp increase in volunteer enlistment rates of American men, the magnitude of the...
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Keywords:
State Capacity;
Institutions;
War;
Race;
Prejudice and Bias;
Government Administration;
United States
Qian, Nancy, and Marco Tabellini. "Racial Discrimination and the Social Contract: Evidence from U.S. Army Enlistment during WWII." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-005, July 2020. (Revised June 2023. Revise and Resubmit at the Review of Economic Studies. Available also from KelloggInsight, HBS Working Knowledge, and NBER.)
- March 2020 (Revised August 2022)
- Case
Racial Discrimination on Airbnb (A)
By: Michael Luca, Scott Stern, Devin Cook and Hyunjin Kim
Facing mounting criticism and evidence of widespread racial discrimination on the platform, apartment rental platform Airbnb needed to decide a path forward. For years, Airbnb had given hosts extensive discretion about whether to reject a guest after seeing little more...
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Keywords:
Platform Design;
Digital Platforms;
Design;
Prejudice and Bias;
Trust;
Problems and Challenges
Luca, Michael, Scott Stern, Devin Cook, and Hyunjin Kim. "Racial Discrimination on Airbnb (A)." Harvard Business School Case 920-051, March 2020. (Revised August 2022.)
- March 2020 (Revised February 2023)
- Teaching Note
Racial Discrimination on Airbnb (A) and (B)
By: Michael Luca
Teaching Note for HBS No. 920-051.
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- 2020
- Book
The Power of Experiments: Decision-Making in a Data-Driven World
By: Michael Luca and Max H. Bazerman
Have you logged into Facebook recently? Searched for something on Google? Chosen a movie on Netflix? If so, you've probably been an unwitting participant in a variety of experiments—also known as randomized controlled trials—designed to test the impact of changes to an...
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Keywords:
Experiments;
Randomized Controlled Trials;
Organizations;
Decision Making;
Analytics and Data Science;
Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques
Luca, Michael, and Max H. Bazerman. The Power of Experiments: Decision-Making in a Data-Driven World. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2020.
- December 2019 (Revised December 2021)
- Case
Negotiating for Equal Pay: The U.S. Women's National Soccer Team (A)
By: Christine Exley, John Beshears, Manuela Collis and Davis Heniford
In 2019, members of the U.S. Women's National Soccer Team (WNT) filed a gender discrimination lawsuit against the U.S. Soccer Federation. The case describes the history of the WNT's quest for equal pay leading up to this event.
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Keywords:
Equal Pay;
Negotiation;
Compensation and Benefits;
Equality and Inequality;
Gender;
Prejudice and Bias;
Negotiation Tactics;
Corporate Governance;
Lawsuits and Litigation;
Sports;
Sports Industry;
United States
Exley, Christine, John Beshears, Manuela Collis, and Davis Heniford. "Negotiating for Equal Pay: The U.S. Women's National Soccer Team (A)." Harvard Business School Case 920-029, December 2019. (Revised December 2021.)
- December 2019
- Article
The Impact of Increasing Search Frictions on Online Shopping Behavior: Evidence from a Field Experiment
By: Donald Ngwe, Kris J. Ferreira and Thales Teixeira
Many online stores are designed such that shoppers can easily access any available discounted products. We propose that deliberately increasing search frictions by placing small obstacles to locating discounted items can improve online retailers’ margins and even...
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Keywords:
Online Retailing;
Friction;
Effor;
Search Costs;
Price Discrimination;
Marketing;
Consumer Behavior;
Strategy;
Price;
E-commerce;
Retail Industry;
Fashion Industry
Ngwe, Donald, Kris J. Ferreira, and Thales Teixeira. "The Impact of Increasing Search Frictions on Online Shopping Behavior: Evidence from a Field Experiment." Journal of Marketing Research (JMR) 56, no. 6 (December 2019): 944–959.