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      • Faculty Publications  (29)

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      • February 2022 (Revised May 2022)
      • Case

      Buddy Valastro: Cake Boss

      By: Boris Groysberg, Evan M.S. Hecht and Katherine Connolly Baden
      Buddy Valastro, celebrity baker and business owner, inherited his father’s bakery—Carlo’s Bake Shop of Hoboken, New Jersey—at the age of seventeen. He had willed the shop to survive and gone on to fame through his television show, “Cake Boss”—the name most people now...  View Details
      Keywords: Bakery; Entrepreneur; Scalability; Digital; Systems; Process Improvement; Team Effectiveness; Team Building; COVID-19 Pandemic; Food; Entrepreneurship; Family Business; Crisis Management; Change Management; Leadership; Creativity; Operations; Groups and Teams; Brands and Branding; Food and Beverage Industry; United States
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      Groysberg, Boris, Evan M.S. Hecht, and Katherine Connolly Baden. "Buddy Valastro: Cake Boss." Harvard Business School Case 422-060, February 2022. (Revised May 2022.)
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Capitalism, Slavery, and the Legacy of Cesare Beccaria

      By: Sophus A. Reinert
      The Milanese Marquis Cesare Beccaria (1738-1794) dedicated his life first to theorizing a more just and equal society grounded in individual rights, anchored in secular political economy rather than in religious dogma, then to realizing this bold vision...  View Details
      Keywords: Slavery; Racism; Capitalism; History; Society
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      Reinert, Sophus A. "Capitalism, Slavery, and the Legacy of Cesare Beccaria." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-034, December 2021. (Revised January 2022.)
      • 2021
      • Article

      Evidence of Decreasing Internet Entropy: The Lack of Redundancy in DNS Resolution by Major Websites and Services

      By: Samantha Bates, John Bowers, Shane Greenstein, Jordi Weinstock, Jonathan Zittrain and Yunhan Xu
      This paper analyzes the extent to which the Internet’s global domain name resolution (DNS) system has preserved its distributed resilience given the rise of cloud-based hosting and infrastructure. We explore trends in the concentration of the DNS space since at least...  View Details
      Keywords: Domain Name System; Resilience; Entropy; Internet and the Web; Infrastructure; Performance Effectiveness; Safety; Cybersecurity
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      Bates, Samantha, John Bowers, Shane Greenstein, Jordi Weinstock, Jonathan Zittrain, and Yunhan Xu. "Evidence of Decreasing Internet Entropy: The Lack of Redundancy in DNS Resolution by Major Websites and Services." Journal of Quantitative Description: Digital Media 1 (2021).
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Institutional Corporate Bond Pricing

      By: Ishita Sen, Lorenzo Bretscher, Lukas Schmid and Varun Sharma
      We compile a rich dataset that links institutional investors' position level holdings with corporate bond characteristics and estimate demand elasticities with respect to critical sources of risk. Persistence in institutions' holdings provide us with an instrument to...  View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Bonds; Demand Systems; Insurance Companies; Mutual Funds; Liquidity; Bonds; Insurance; Investment Funds; Financial Liquidity
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      Sen, Ishita, Lorenzo Bretscher, Lukas Schmid, and Varun Sharma. "Institutional Corporate Bond Pricing." Working Paper, December 2020. (Revise and Resubmit, Review of Financial Studies.)
      • Article

      Detecting Adversarial Attacks via Subset Scanning of Autoencoder Activations and Reconstruction Error

      By: Celia Cintas, Skyler Speakman, Victor Akinwande, William Ogallo, Komminist Weldemariam, Srihari Sridharan and Edward McFowland III
      Reliably detecting attacks in a given set of inputs is of high practical relevance because of the vulnerability of neural networks to adversarial examples. These altered inputs create a security risk in applications with real-world consequences, such as self-driving...  View Details
      Keywords: Autoencoder Networks; Pattern Detection; Subset Scanning; Computer Vision; Statistical Methods And Machine Learning; Machine Learning; Deep Learning; Data Mining; Big Data; Large-scale Systems; Mathematical Methods
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      Cintas, Celia, Skyler Speakman, Victor Akinwande, William Ogallo, Komminist Weldemariam, Srihari Sridharan, and Edward McFowland III. "Detecting Adversarial Attacks via Subset Scanning of Autoencoder Activations and Reconstruction Error." Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence 29th (2020).
      • Article

      Multivariate Unsupervised Machine Learning for Anomaly Detection in Enterprise Applications

      By: Daniel Elsner, Pouya Aleatrati Khosroshahi, Alan MacCormack and Robert Lagerström
      Existing application performance management (APM) solutions lack robust anomaly detection capabilities and root cause analysis techniques that do not require manual efforts and domain knowledge. In this paper, we develop a density-based unsupervised machine learning...  View Details
      Keywords: Big Data; Data Science And Analytics Management; Governance And Compliance; Organizational Systems And Technology; Anomaly Detection; Application Performance Management; Machine Learning; Enterprise Architecture
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      Elsner, Daniel, Pouya Aleatrati Khosroshahi, Alan MacCormack, and Robert Lagerström. "Multivariate Unsupervised Machine Learning for Anomaly Detection in Enterprise Applications." Proceedings of the Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences 52nd (2019): 5827–5836.
      • 2018
      • Working Paper

      Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 6 The Value Structure of Technologies, Part 1: Mapping Functional Relationships

      By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
      Organizations are formed in a free economy because a person or group perceives value in carrying out a technical recipe that is beyond the capacity of a single person. Technology specifies what must be done, what resources must be assembled, what actions taken, and...  View Details
      Keywords: Language; Information Technology; System; Relationships
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      Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 6 The Value Structure of Technologies, Part 1: Mapping Functional Relationships." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-037, October 2018.
      • March 2018
      • Teaching Note

      Twine Health

      By: Robert S. Huckman and Ariel D. Stern
      In late 2014, Dr. John Moore (CEO), Frank Moss (chairman), and Scott Gilroy (CTO) of Twine Health (Twine) had to resolve several challenges that threatened to restrict the widespread dissemination of its sole product, Twine. Twine was a cloud-based platform that...  View Details
      Keywords: Health Care; Chronic Disease; Digital Health; Health Acceleration Challenge; Strategy; Disease Management; Health; Health Care and Treatment; Information Technology; Mobile and Wireless Technology; Technology Adoption; Health Industry; United States; Massachusetts
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      Huckman, Robert S., and Ariel D. Stern. "Twine Health." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 618-055, March 2018.
      • 2017
      • Working Paper

      Equality and Equity in Compensation

      By: Jiayi Bao and Andy Wu
      Equity compensation is widely used for incentivizing skilled employees, particularly in new technology businesses. Traditional theories explaining why firms offer equity suggest that workers with higher rank should receive compensation packages more heavily weighted in...  View Details
      Keywords: Inequality Aversion; Compensation; Stock Options; Scarcity; Experiment; Compensation and Benefits; Equity; Equality and Inequality; Perception
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      Bao, Jiayi, and Andy Wu. "Equality and Equity in Compensation." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 17-093, April 2017.
      • 2016
      • Working Paper

      Foreign Competition and Domestic Innovation: Evidence from U.S. Patents

      By: David Autor, David Dorn, Gordon H. Hanson, Pian Shu and Gary Pisano
      Manufacturing is the locus of U.S. innovation, accounting for more than three quarters of U.S. corporate patents. The rise of import competition from China has represented a major competitive shock to the sector, which in theory could benefit or stifle innovation. In...  View Details
      Keywords: Patents; Competition; System Shocks; Trade; Innovation and Invention; Manufacturing Industry; China; United States
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      Autor, David, David Dorn, Gordon H. Hanson, Pian Shu, and Gary Pisano. "Foreign Competition and Domestic Innovation: Evidence from U.S. Patents." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 22879, December 2016.
      • 2015
      • Chapter

      Deep Smarts as the Underpinnings of Dynamic Capabilities

      By: Dorothy A. Leonard and Michelle Barton
      Both ordinary and dynamic capabilities depend upon the deep smarts, i.e., business-critical, experience-based knowledge, held in the heads of an organization’s top talent. This chapter examines the links between individual and organizational capabilities and presents...  View Details
      Keywords: Management Skills; Experience and Expertise; Innovation and Invention
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      Leonard, Dorothy A., and Michelle Barton. "Deep Smarts as the Underpinnings of Dynamic Capabilities." In The Oxford Handbook of Dynamic Capabilities, edited by David J. Teece and Sohvi Leih. Oxford University Press, 2015. Electronic.
      • March 2015
      • Case

      Twine Health

      By: Robert S. Huckman, Ariel D. Stern and Matthew G. Preble
      In late 2014, Dr. John Moore (CEO), Frank Moss (chairman), and Scott Gilroy (CTO) of Twine Health (Twine) had to resolve several challenges that threatened to restrict the widespread dissemination of its sole product, Twine. Twine was a cloud-based platform that...  View Details
      Keywords: Health Care; Chronic Disease; Technology Adoption; Digital Health; Health Acceleration Challenge; Strategy; Disease Management; Health; Health Care and Treatment; Information Technology; Mobile and Wireless Technology; Health Industry; United States; Massachusetts
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      Huckman, Robert S., Ariel D. Stern, and Matthew G. Preble. "Twine Health." Harvard Business School Case 615-068, March 2015.
      • Article

      Stability and Competitive Equilibrium in Trading Networks

      By: John William Hatfield, Scott Duke Kominers, Alexandru Nichifor, Michael Ostrovsky and Alexander Westkamp
      We introduce a model in which agents in a network can trade via bilateral contracts. We find that when continuous transfers are allowed and utilities are quasi-linear, the full substitutability of preferences is sufficient to guarantee the existence of stable outcomes...  View Details
      Keywords: Balance and Stability; Markets
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      Hatfield, John William, Scott Duke Kominers, Alexandru Nichifor, Michael Ostrovsky, and Alexander Westkamp. "Stability and Competitive Equilibrium in Trading Networks." Journal of Political Economy 121, no. 5 (October 2013): 966–1001.
      • November 2011 (Revised August 2012)
      • Case

      Healthymagination at GE Healthcare Systems

      By: Vineet Kumar and V. Kasturi Rangan
      Jeff Immelt, the CEO of GE, introduced a new innovation strategy named "healthymagination" in 2009. With cost, quality, and access as its three pillars, healthymagination ensures a strong focus for new product introduction efforts all around GE. But will this focus...  View Details
      Keywords: Innovation and Invention; Product Marketing; Marketing Strategy; Medical Devices and Supplies Industry; Health Industry
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      Kumar, Vineet, and V. Kasturi Rangan. "Healthymagination at GE Healthcare Systems." Harvard Business School Case 512-039, November 2011. (Revised August 2012.)
      • 2011
      • Book

      Capitalism at Risk: Rethinking the Role of Business

      By: Joseph L. Bower, Herman B. Leonard and Lynn S. Paine
      The spread of capitalism worldwide has made people wealthier than ever before. But capitalism's future is far from assured. The global financial meltdown of 2008 nearly triggered another Great Depression, economies in Europe are still teetering, and powerful...  View Details
      Keywords: Business And Society; Economic Systems; Economic Growth; Leading Change; Business and Community Relations; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Business Strategy
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      Bower, Joseph L., Herman B. Leonard, and Lynn S. Paine. Capitalism at Risk: Rethinking the Role of Business. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2011. (Published in Chinese as "Qi ye zai jing ji zhong de jue se," Beijing: China Machine Press, 2012. Published in Japanese as ハーバードが教える 10年後に生き残る会社、消える会社, Tokuma Shoten Publishing Co., Ltd., 2013.)
      • September 2011 (Revised July 2012)
      • Case

      Building Watson: Not So Elementary, My Dear!

      By: Willy Shih
      This case is set inside IBM Research's efforts to build a computer that can successfully take on human challengers playing the game show Jeopardy! It opens with the machine named Watson offering the incorrect answer "Toronto" to a seemingly simple question during the...  View Details
      Keywords: Technological Innovation; Standards; Product Development; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Mathematical Methods; Research and Development; Information Technology
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      Shih, Willy. "Building Watson: Not So Elementary, My Dear!" Harvard Business School Case 612-017, September 2011. (Revised July 2012.)
      • March 2011 (Revised April 2021)
      • Case

      The Whiz Kids

      By: Tom Nicholas and David Chen
      In October 1945, Henry Ford II received a telegram in his office at the Ford Motor Company in Dearborn, Michigan written by Charles "Tex" Thornton, a U.S. Air Force colonel. The telegram presented an opportunity for Ford to deploy a system of statistical control which...  View Details
      Keywords: Ford Motor Company; Statistical Control; Management Systems; Accounting; Operations; Strategy; Mathematical Methods; Auto Industry; United States
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      Nicholas, Tom, and David Chen. "The Whiz Kids." Harvard Business School Case 811-042, March 2011. (Revised April 2021.)
      • 2011
      • Working Paper

      The Importance of Work Context in Organizational Learning from Error

      By: Lucy H. MacPhail and Amy C. Edmondson
      This paper examines the implications of work context for learning from errors in organizations. Prior research has shown that attitudes and behaviors related to error vary between groups within organizations but has not investigated or theorized the ways in which...  View Details
      Keywords: Judgments; Learning; Business Processes; Organizational Culture; Failure; Performance Improvement; Opportunities; Complexity
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      MacPhail, Lucy H., and Amy C. Edmondson. "The Importance of Work Context in Organizational Learning from Error." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 11-074, January 2011.
      • October 2009 (Revised July 2012)
      • Case

      Emotiv Systems Inc.: It's the Thoughts that Count

      By: Elie Ofek, Jason Riis and Paul Hamilton
      Emotiv is getting ready to launch its innovative brain-computer interfacing (BCI) technology. The company has developed a special headset, called EPOC, and highly sophisticated software that can translate a person's emotions, cognitive thoughts, and facial expressions...  View Details
      Keywords: Technology Adoption; Sales; Technological Innovation; Demand and Consumers; Marketing Strategy; Partners and Partnerships; Entrepreneurship; Forecasting and Prediction; Product Launch; Business Startups; Technology Industry
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      Ofek, Elie, Jason Riis, and Paul Hamilton. "Emotiv Systems Inc.: It's the Thoughts that Count." Harvard Business School Case 510-050, October 2009. (Revised July 2012.)
      • November 2007
      • Article

      Solve the Succession Crisis by Growing Inside-Outside Leaders

      By: Joseph L. Bower
      This article includes a one-page preview that quickly summarizes the key ideas and provides an overview of how the concepts work in practice along with suggestions for further reading. In his interviews and data analysis, Harvard Business School professor Bower found...  View Details
      Keywords: Talent and Talent Management; Leadership Development; Management Practices and Processes; Management Succession; Planning
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      Bower, Joseph L. "Solve the Succession Crisis by Growing Inside-Outside Leaders." Harvard Business Review 85, no. 11 (November 2007).
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