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      • Faculty Publications  (291)

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      • September 2023
      • Teaching Note

      Patagonia: 'Earth Is Now Our Only Shareholder'

      By: Brian Trelstad, Nien-he Hsieh, Michael Norris and Susan Pinckney
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 323-057. Patagonia’s change of ownership from a privately held company to a perpetual purpose trust and 501(c)(4) nonprofit in order to use the company’s profit to fight the environmental crisis and be a model for future businesses.  View Details
      Keywords: Trusts; Business Ventures; Business Organization; Family Business; Restructuring; Change; Disruption; Transition; Decision Making; Ethics; Values and Beliefs; Finance; Financial Management; Governance; Corporate Governance; Investment Activism; Innovation Leadership; Labor; Law; Common Law; Management; Goals and Objectives; Organizations; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Organizational Culture; Ownership; Ownership Type; Family Ownership; Private Ownership; Social Enterprise; Nonprofit Organizations; Society; Social Issues; Wealth and Poverty; Value; Value Creation; Apparel and Accessories Industry; United States
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      Trelstad, Brian, Nien-he Hsieh, Michael Norris, and Susan Pinckney. "Patagonia: 'Earth Is Now Our Only Shareholder'." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 324-003, September 2023.
      • September 2023
      • Supplement

      CMA CGM: Reducing the Carbon Footprint of Container Shipping

      By: Willy C. Shih
      Marine transport is the most cost-effective way to move large volumes over long distances, and container shipping is the backbone of international trade in goods. Yet shipping contributed 3% of worldwide greenhouse gas emissions, and the deep-sea segment, which...  View Details
      Keywords: Container Shipping; Supply Chain; Logistics; Trade Links; Decarbonization; Environmental Strategies; Environmental Impact; Globalization; Trade; Environmental Regulation; Shipping Industry; European Union; Asia; North America
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      Shih, Willy C. "CMA CGM: Reducing the Carbon Footprint of Container Shipping." Harvard Business School Supplement 624-708, September 2023.
      • August 2023
      • Case

      Raya Partners: Profitability and Purpose

      By: Arthur Segel and Ephraim Mernick
      Raya Partners, a private equity firm, faces a crucial decision regarding Asa Specialty Coatings Company (ASCC). The dilemma involves shifting ASCC's manufacturing operations to Mexico, a move that would boost profitability and reduce emissions but result in significant...  View Details
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      Segel, Arthur, and Ephraim Mernick. "Raya Partners: Profitability and Purpose." Harvard Business School Case 224-014, August 2023.
      • 2023
      • Other Unpublished Work

      If 3 Was 9

      By: Randolph B. Cohen
      One determinant of where economies and markets are headed is how well we handle the climate crisis. Headlines on the climate tend to emphasize two points. First, average global temps are rising, with it being the hottest summer in 1,000 centuries per some estimates....  View Details
      Keywords: Climate Change; Measurement and Metrics
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      Cohen, Randolph B. "If 3 Was 9." August 2023. (LinkedIn Articles.)
      • July 2023
      • Case

      Vytal: Packaging-as-a-Service

      By: George Serafeim, Michael W. Toffel, Lena Duchene and Daniela Beyersdorfer
      The Germany-based startup Vytal operated the largest digital-native reusable packaging-as-a-service network globally, having raised nearly €15 million, established a large network of restaurant partners, and prevented the use of millions of single-use take-out food...  View Details
      Keywords: Climate Change; Climate Risk; Digital; Platform Strategies; Data; Packaging; Sustainability; Start-up; Startup; Entrepreneurship; Entrepreneur; Impact; Circular; Growth Strategy; Innovation; Environmental Sustainability; Innovation and Invention; Business Growth and Maturation; Growth and Development Strategy; Business Startups; Resource Allocation; Risk Management; Adoption; Strategy; Performance Productivity; Service Delivery; Service Operations; Supply Chain; Distribution; Green Technology Industry; Service Industry; Retail Industry; Germany; Europe
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      Serafeim, George, Michael W. Toffel, Lena Duchene, and Daniela Beyersdorfer. "Vytal: Packaging-as-a-Service." Harvard Business School Case 124-007, July 2023.
      • July 2023
      • Article

      Deep Responsibility and Irresponsibility in the Beauty Industry

      By: Geoffrey Jones
      This article employs the concept of deep responsibility to assess the social responsibility of the beauty industry over time. It shows that many of today’s problems with the industry have deep historical roots. Products have too many ingredients that are potential...  View Details
      Keywords: Business History; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Beauty and Cosmetics Industry
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      Jones, Geoffrey. "Deep Responsibility and Irresponsibility in the Beauty Industry." Entreprises et histoire 111, no. 2 (July 2023): 113–125.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Second- versus Third-party Audit Quality: Evidence from Global Supply Chain Monitoring

      By: Maria R. Ibanez, Ashley Palmarozzo, Jodi L. Short and Michael W. Toffel
      To capitalize on the superior credibility and flexibility and lower cost of external assessments, many global buyers are shifting from using their own employee (“second-party”) auditors to relying more heavily (or entirely) on third-party auditors to monitor and...  View Details
      Keywords: Auditing; Audit Quality; Working Conditions; Sustainability; Empirical Operations; Empirical Service Operations; Sustainability Management; Corporate Accountability; Agency Theory; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Supply Chain Management
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      Ibanez, Maria R., Ashley Palmarozzo, Jodi L. Short, and Michael W. Toffel. "Second- versus Third-party Audit Quality: Evidence from Global Supply Chain Monitoring." Working Paper, June 2023.
      • May 2023
      • Case

      CMA CGM: Reducing the Carbon Footprint of Container Shipping

      By: Willy C. Shih and Emilie Billaud
      Marine transport is the most cost-effective way to move large volumes over long distances, and container shipping is the backbone of international trade in goods. Yet shipping contributed 3% of worldwide greenhouse gas emissions, and the deep-sea segment, which...  View Details
      Keywords: Container Shipping; Logistic Regression; Supply Chain; Trade Links; Decarbonization; Environmental Strategies; Environmental Impact; Globalization; Trade; Environmental Regulation; Shipping Industry; European Union; Asia; North America
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      Shih, Willy C., and Emilie Billaud. "CMA CGM: Reducing the Carbon Footprint of Container Shipping." Harvard Business School Case 623-006, May 2023.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      ESG: From Process to Product

      By: George Serafeim
      ESG measurement, analysis, management, and communication is a process that the financial industry has turned into a product, resulting in many investment funds using the ESG label. This has caused confusion, generating demand for a framework that defines...  View Details
      Keywords: ESG; ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) Performance; ESG Ratings; ESG Reporting; Investment Fund; Investment; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Financial Services Industry
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      Serafeim, George. "ESG: From Process to Product." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-069, May 2023.
      • May 2023
      • Case

      Arcos Dorados: Decarbonizing McDonald’s in Latin America

      By: George Serafeim, Michael W. Toffel, Jenyfeer Martinez Buitrago and Mariana Cal
      This case describes the decarbonization strategy of Arcos Dorados—McDonald’s largest independent franchisee, operating in 20 countries and territories in Latin America and the Caribbean—and how the company measured its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, including those...  View Details
      Keywords: Accounting; Environmental Accounting; Agribusiness; Animal-Based Agribusiness; Plant-Based Agribusiness; Change Management; Forecasting and Prediction; Environmental Sustainability; Food; Growth Management; Supply Chain; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Strategy; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; Green Technology Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Latin America; North and Central America; South America
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      Serafeim, George, Michael W. Toffel, Jenyfeer Martinez Buitrago, and Mariana Cal. "Arcos Dorados: Decarbonizing McDonald’s in Latin America." Harvard Business School Case 623-017, May 2023.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Toward Decision-Useful Carbon Information

      By: Gunther Glenk
      Companies are increasingly viewed as crucial drivers for timely decarbonization. Current accounting practices for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, however, often leave corporate carbon disclosures and abatement obscured. Here I introduce a taxonomy for assuring the...  View Details
      Keywords: Carbon Emissions; Decarbonization; Carbon Accounting; Net-zero Emissions; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Environment; Environmental Impact; Management; Sustainable Cities; Corporate Disclosure; Environmental Accounting; Environmental Management; Climate Change; Accounting Industry; Consulting Industry; Energy Industry; Auto Industry; Construction Industry; Transportation Industry; Financial Services Industry; Green Technology Industry; Industrial Products Industry; Information Technology Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Public Administration Industry; Steel Industry; Utilities Industry; Europe; North America; South America; Africa; Asia
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      Glenk, Gunther. "Toward Decision-Useful Carbon Information." TRR 266 Accounting for Transparency Working Paper Series, No. 121, May 2023.
      • April 2023 (Revised September 2023)
      • Case

      Apple's iPhone Revolution: Pioneering the Circular Economy

      By: George Serafeim
      When asked to identify an example of a circular economy business model that has generated billions in revenues for a company, ChatGPT, the famous chatbot that in 2022 rocked the world with its ability to perform a variety of tasks, immediately identified and...  View Details
      Keywords: Iphone; Smartphone; Waste Management; Recycling; Innovation; Product Upgrade; Product Life Cycle; Sustainability; Climate Impact; Digital; Business Model Innovation; Climate Change; Information Technology; Business Model; Electronics Industry; Information Technology Industry
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      Serafeim, George. "Apple's iPhone Revolution: Pioneering the Circular Economy." Harvard Business School Case 123-089, April 2023. (Revised September 2023.)
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      How Wicked Problems Drive Business Performance: A Review of the Academic Literature

      By: Caroline Adelson, Charlotte Kuller, Cate Tompkins, Ellora Sarkar, Samantha Price and Marco Iansiti
      Recent years have seen a rise in the number of businesses engaged in the pursuit of “purposeful” activities – that is, activities that engage with the broader community in ways that expand beyond the pursuit of shareholder value. Many of these activities involve...  View Details
      Keywords: Wicked Problems; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Social Issues; Performance
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      Adelson, Caroline, Charlotte Kuller, Cate Tompkins, Ellora Sarkar, Samantha Price, and Marco Iansiti. "How Wicked Problems Drive Business Performance: A Review of the Academic Literature." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-064, April 2023.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Deep Responsibility and Irresponsibility in the Beauty Industry

      By: Geoffrey Jones
      This working paper employs the concept of deep responsibility to assess the social responsibility of the beauty industry over time. It shows that many of today’s problems with the industry have deep historical roots. Products have carried too many health hazards....  View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Corporate Accountability; Ethics; Beauty and Cosmetics Industry
      Citation
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      Read Now
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      Jones, Geoffrey. "Deep Responsibility and Irresponsibility in the Beauty Industry." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-058, March 2023.
      • March 2023 (Revised March 2023)
      • Case

      Patagonia: 'Earth Is Now Our Only Shareholder'

      By: Brian Trelstad, Nien-hê Hsieh, Michael Norris and Susan Pinckney
      In September 2022, Yvon Chouinard, the iconoclastic founder of outdoor apparel company Patagonia, announced a new ownership model for his company. Chouinard and his family had held complete control of the company's voting and non-voting stock since its founding 50...  View Details
      Keywords: Trusts; Business Ventures; Business Organization; Family Business; Restructuring; Change; Disruption; Transition; Decision Making; Ethics; Values and Beliefs; Finance; Financial Management; Governance; Corporate Governance; Investment Activism; Leadership; Labor; Law; Common Law; Management; Goals and Objectives; Organizations; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Mission and Purpose; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Organizational Culture; Ownership; Ownership Type; Family Ownership; Private Ownership; Social Enterprise; Nonprofit Organizations; Society; Social Issues; Wealth and Poverty; Value; Value Creation; Apparel and Accessories Industry; United States
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      Trelstad, Brian, Nien-hê Hsieh, Michael Norris, and Susan Pinckney. "Patagonia: 'Earth Is Now Our Only Shareholder'." Harvard Business School Case 323-057, March 2023. (Revised March 2023.)
      • 2023
      • Book

      Deeply Responsible Business: A Global History of Values-Driven Leadership

      By: Geoffrey Jones
      Corporate social responsibility has entered the mainstream, but what does it take to run a successful purpose-driven business? This book examines leaders who put values alongside profits to showcase the challenges and upside of deeply responsible business. Should...  View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Responsibility; Business Ecuation; Socially Responsible Investing; Business Education; Ethics; Leadership; Business History; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Religion; Social Enterprise; Social Issues; Wealth and Poverty; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Mission and Purpose; Banking Industry; Beauty and Cosmetics Industry; Computer Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Education Industry; Fashion Industry; Financial Services Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; Green Technology Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Electronics Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; United Kingdom; Germany; United States; Japan; India; Latin America
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      Jones, Geoffrey. Deeply Responsible Business: A Global History of Values-Driven Leadership. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2023.
      • March 2023
      • Teaching Note

      Sustainability Reporting at Dollar Tree, Inc.

      By: Suraj Srinivasan and Li-Kuan Ni
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 122-044. The case discusses the ESG strategy of Dollar Tree Inc., a U.S. Fortune 500 company in the deep discount retail industry and the shareholder pressure faced by the company. In 2022, the company faced a shareholder resolution from...  View Details
      Keywords: ESG; Sustainability; Shareholder Activism; Dollar Tree; Sustainability Reporting; ESG Reporting; Board Of Directors; Shareholder Engagement; GHG; Environmental Accounting; Integrated Corporate Reporting; Trends; Communication; Announcements; Voting; Environmental Management; Climate Change; Environmental Sustainability; Values and Beliefs; Corporate Accountability; Corporate Disclosure; Corporate Governance; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Policy; Reports; Business or Company Management; Risk Management; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Outcome or Result; Strategic Planning; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Situation or Environment; Opportunities; Civil Society or Community; Social Issues; Public Opinion; Strategy; Adaptation; Alignment; Business Strategy; Corporate Strategy; Value Creation; Retail Industry; United States; Virginia
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      Srinivasan, Suraj, and Li-Kuan Ni. "Sustainability Reporting at Dollar Tree, Inc." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 123-077, March 2023.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Accounting for Carbon Offsets – Establishing the Foundation for Carbon-Trading Markets

      By: Robert S. Kaplan, Karthik Ramanna and Marc Roston
      Tackling climate change requires reductions in current and future greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions as well as the removal of existing GHG from the atmosphere. Carbon-offset producers purport to provide such removals. But poor measurement practices and inadequate controls...  View Details
      Keywords: Carbon Offsetting; Climate Change; Environmental Regulation; Corporate Accountability
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      Kaplan, Robert S., Karthik Ramanna, and Marc Roston. "Accounting for Carbon Offsets – Establishing the Foundation for Carbon-Trading Markets." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-050, February 2023.
      • February 2023
      • Article

      Climate Solutions Investments

      By: Alex Cheema-Fox, George Serafeim and Hui (Stacie) Wang
      An increasing number of companies are providing products and services that help reduce carbon emissions in the economy. We develop a methodology to identify those companies and create a sample of publicly listed climate solutions companies allowing us to study their...  View Details
      Keywords: Decarbonization; Climate Finance; Climate Impact; Climate Risk; Environment; Sustainability; Carbon Emissions; Electric Vehicles; Energy; Renewables; Climate Change; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Environmental Sustainability; Emerging Markets; Investment Portfolio
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      Cheema-Fox, Alex, George Serafeim, and Hui (Stacie) Wang. "Climate Solutions Investments." Journal of Portfolio Management 49, no. 3 (February 2023): 72–96.
      • January 2023
      • Case

      Natura: Weathering the Pandemic at Brazil's Cosmetic Giant

      By: Brian Trelstad, Pedro Levindo and Carla Larangeira
      Brazil's Natura, a multi-brand cosmetics group, has taken several measures to safeguard the livelihoods of its thousands of employees and millions of sales representatives during the COVID-19 health and economic crisis. The company has also made strides in its efforts...  View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic; ESG Reporting; Acquisition; Customer Focus and Relationships; Decision Making; Social Entrepreneurship; Environmental Sustainability; Environmental Management; Climate Change; Ethics; Moral Sensibility; Values and Beliefs; Global Strategy; Corporate Governance; Health Pandemics; Human Resources; Human Capital; Crisis Management; Growth and Development Strategy; Marketing; Distribution Channels; Supply Chain; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Mission and Purpose; Organizational Culture; Customer Ownership; Relationships; Business and Community Relations; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Networks; Partners and Partnerships; Science-Based Business; Reputation; Human Needs; Social Issues; Strategy; Equality and Inequality; Beauty and Cosmetics Industry; Brazil; Latin America
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      Trelstad, Brian, Pedro Levindo, and Carla Larangeira. "Natura: Weathering the Pandemic at Brazil's Cosmetic Giant." Harvard Business School Case 323-065, January 2023.
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