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Publications

Publications

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    • All HBS Web  (227)
      • Faculty Publications  (56)

      Firm Heterogeneity Remove Firm Heterogeneity →

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      • 2022
      • Chapter

      Creating 'Smart' Policy to Promote Entrepreneurship and Innovation

      By: Karen G. Mills and Annie Dang
      Entrepreneurship is a key to unlocking innovation and fostering regional and national economic productivity. Extensive studies demonstrate that small and young firms contribute to innovation and employment growth. But which of the many types of small firms are...  View Details
      Keywords: Economic Policy; High-growth; Entrepreneurship; Innovation and Invention; Business Startups; Economic Growth; Policy; United States
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      Mills, Karen G., and Annie Dang. "Creating 'Smart' Policy to Promote Entrepreneurship and Innovation." In The Role of Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Economic Growth, edited by Michael J. Andrews, Aaron Chatterji, Josh Lerner, and Scott Stern. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2022.
      • November 2021
      • Article

      Ratings, Reviews, and the Marketing of New Products

      By: Itay P. Fainmesser, Dominique Olié Lauga and Elie Ofek
      We study how user-generated content (UGC) about new products impacts a firm's advertising and pricing decisions and the effect on profits and market dynamics. We construct a two-period model where consumers value quality and are heterogeneous in their taste for the new...  View Details
      Keywords: Online Reviews; Product Ratings; Social Networks; Word Of Mouth; Pricing; User-generated Content; Advertising; Product Marketing; Price; Consumer Behavior; Product Positioning; Social Media
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      Fainmesser, Itay P., Dominique Olié Lauga, and Elie Ofek. "Ratings, Reviews, and the Marketing of New Products." Management Science 67, no. 11 (November 2021): 7023–7045.
      • October 2021
      • Article

      Overcoming the Cold Start Problem of CRM Using a Probabilistic Machine Learning Approach

      By: Nicolas Padilla and Eva Ascarza
      The success of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) programs ultimately depends on the firm's ability to understand consumers' preferences and precisely capture how these preferences may differ across customers. Only by understanding customer heterogeneity, firms can...  View Details
      Keywords: Customer Management; Targeting; Deep Exponential Families; Probabilistic Machine Learning; Cold Start Problem; Customer Relationship Management; Programs; Consumer Behavior; Analysis
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      Padilla, Nicolas, and Eva Ascarza. "Overcoming the Cold Start Problem of CRM Using a Probabilistic Machine Learning Approach." Journal of Marketing Research (JMR) 58, no. 5 (October 2021): 981–1006.
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Accounting for Employment Impact at Scale

      By: Adel Fadhel, Katie Panella, Ethan Rouen and George Serafeim
      Using new data on workforce composition and wages, we systematically measure the employment impact at U.S. firms from 2008 to 2020, including 2,682 unique firms and 22,322 firm-year observations. We document significant variation across industries and firms within each...  View Details
      Keywords: Impact Accounting; ESG; Employee Turnover; Wages; Employment; Measurement and Metrics; Human Capital; Diversity; United States
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      Fadhel, Adel, Katie Panella, Ethan Rouen, and George Serafeim. "Accounting for Employment Impact at Scale." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-018, December 2021.
      • April 2021
      • Article

      Homing and Platform Responses to Entry: Historical Evidence from the U.S. Newspaper Industry

      By: K. Francis Park, Robert Seamans and Feng Zhu
      We examine how heterogeneity in customers’ tendencies to single-home or multi-home affects a platform’s competitive responses to new entrants in the market. We first develop a formal model to generate predictions about how a platform will respond. We then empirically...  View Details
      Keywords: Single-homing; Multi-homing; Platform Responses; Newpaper; Television; Digital Platforms; Market Entry and Exit; Newspapers; Television Entertainment; History; Journalism and News Industry; Media and Broadcasting Industry
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      Park, K. Francis, Robert Seamans, and Feng Zhu. "Homing and Platform Responses to Entry: Historical Evidence from the U.S. Newspaper Industry." Strategic Management Journal 42, no. 4 (April 2021): 684–709.
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Real Credit Cycles

      By: Pedro Bordalo, Nicola Gennaioli, Andrei Shleifer and Stephen J. Terry
      We incorporate diagnostic expectations, a psychologically founded model of overreaction to news, into a workhorse business cycle model with heterogeneous firms and risky debt. A realistic degree of diagnosticity, estimated from the forecast errors of managers of U.S....  View Details
      Keywords: Econometric Models; Business Cycles; Credit
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      Bordalo, Pedro, Nicola Gennaioli, Andrei Shleifer, and Stephen J. Terry. "Real Credit Cycles." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 28416, January 2021.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      The Twofold Effect of Customer Retention in Freemium Settings

      By: Eva Ascarza, Oded Netzer and Julian Runge
      The main tradeoff in designing freemium services is how much of the product to offer for free. At the heart of such a tradeoff is the balancing act of providing a valuable free product in order to acquire and engage consumers, while making the free product limited...  View Details
      Keywords: Freemium; Retention/churn; Field Experiment; Field Experiments; Gaming; Gaming Industry; Mobile App; Mobile App Industry; Monetization; Monetization Strategy; Games, Gaming, and Gambling; Mobile Technology; Customers; Retention; Product Design; Strategy
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      Ascarza, Eva, Oded Netzer, and Julian Runge. "The Twofold Effect of Customer Retention in Freemium Settings." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-062, November 2020.
      • November 2020
      • Article

      Taxation in Matching Markets

      By: Arnaud Dupuy, Alfred Galichon, Sonia Jaffe and Scott Duke Kominers
      We analyze the effects of taxation in two-sided matching markets, i.e., markets in which all agents have heterogeneous preferences over potential partners. In matching markets, taxes can generate inefficiency on the allocative margin by changing who is matched to whom,...  View Details
      Keywords: Matching Markets; Labor Markets; Taxation; Labor; Markets
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      Dupuy, Arnaud, Alfred Galichon, Sonia Jaffe, and Scott Duke Kominers. "Taxation in Matching Markets." International Economic Review 61, no. 4 (November 2020): 1591–1634.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      The Targeting and Impact of Paycheck Protection Program Loans to Small Businesses

      By: Alexander Bartik, Zoë B. Cullen, Edward L. Glaeser, Michael Luca, Christopher Stanton and Adi Sunderam
      The Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) aimed to quickly deliver hundreds of billions of dollars of loans to small businesses, with the loans administered via private banks. In this paper, we use firm-level data to document the demand and supply of PPP funds. Using an...  View Details
      Keywords: Paycheck Protection Program; Targeting; Impact; Entrepreneurship; Health Pandemics; Small Business; Financing and Loans; Outcome or Result; United States
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      Bartik, Alexander, Zoë B. Cullen, Edward L. Glaeser, Michael Luca, Christopher Stanton, and Adi Sunderam. "The Targeting and Impact of Paycheck Protection Program Loans to Small Businesses." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-021, August 2020.
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Elusive Safety: The New Geography of Capital Flows and Risk

      By: Laura Alfaro, Ester Faia, Ruth Judson and Tim Schmidt-Eisenlohr
      A confidential dataset with industry-level disaggregation of U.S. cross-border claims and liabilities, shows U.S. securities to be increasingly intermediated by tax-haven-financial-centers (THFC) and less regulated funds. These securities are risky, in...  View Details
      Keywords: Tax Havens; Financial Centers; Geography Of Flows; Profit Shifting; Tax Avoidance; Risk; Safe Assets; Hetergeneous Firms; Endogenous Entry; Endogenous Monitoring; Regulatory Arbitrage; Assets; Safety; Risk and Uncertainty; Capital; Global Range
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      Alfaro, Laura, Ester Faia, Ruth Judson, and Tim Schmidt-Eisenlohr. "Elusive Safety: The New Geography of Capital Flows and Risk." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-099, March 2020. (Revised February 2021.)
      • April 2020
      • Article

      Long-term Firm Growth: An Empirical Analysis of U.S. Manufacturers 1959–2015

      By: Giovanni Dosi, Marco Grazzi, Daniele Moschella, Gary P. Pisano and Federico Tamagni
      Firm growth is an essential feature of market economies, shaping together macroeconomic performance and the evolution of industry structures. As a potential indicator of organizational “fitness” within a competitive environment, firm growth is also a central concern to...  View Details
      Keywords: Firm Growth; Organizations; Growth and Development; Theory; Analysis; Production; Data and Data Sets
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      Dosi, Giovanni, Marco Grazzi, Daniele Moschella, Gary P. Pisano, and Federico Tamagni. "Long-term Firm Growth: An Empirical Analysis of U.S. Manufacturers 1959–2015." Industrial and Corporate Change 29, no. 2 (April 2020): 309–332.
      • 2018
      • Working Paper

      The Limitations of Dynamic Capabilities

      By: David J. Collis and Bharat Anand
      The concept of dynamic capabilities draws its theoretical basis from two classic traditions within the strategy field—the resource-based view of the firm (RBV) (Wernerfelt, 1984) and market positioning (Porter, 1996). A dynamic capability qualifies as a source of...  View Details
      Keywords: Dynamic Capabilities; Business Ventures; Performance; Competitive Advantage
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      Collis, David J., and Bharat Anand. "The Limitations of Dynamic Capabilities." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-029, September 2019.
      • 2019
      • Chapter

      Spatial Agglomeration and Superstar Firms: Firm-level Patterns from Europe and U.S.

      By: Laura Alfaro, Maggie X. Chen and Harald Fadinger
      We characterize the agglomeration patterns of industries and plants in Europe, distinguishing Eurozone countries and the United States. Using a micro-level index, we quantify the degree of geographic concentration in industrial activities and explore how firm...  View Details
      Keywords: Agglomeration; Patterns; Industry Clusters; Europe; United States
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      Alfaro, Laura, Maggie X. Chen, and Harald Fadinger. "Spatial Agglomeration and Superstar Firms: Firm-level Patterns from Europe and U.S." In ECB Forum on Central Banking, 17-19 June 2019, Sintra, Portugal: 20 years of European Economic and Monetary Union: Conference Proceedings. Frankfurt: European Central Bank, 2019.
      • 2019
      • Working Paper

      The Comprehensive Effects of a Digital Paywall Sales Strategy

      By: Doug J. Chung, Ho Kim and Reo Song
      This paper explores the multiple and comprehensive effects of a digital paywall sales strategy, an increasingly common means of go-to-market for media firms. Specifically, we examine the effects of a digital paywall on a media firm’s two sources of income—subscription...  View Details
      Keywords: Digital Paywall; Demand Substitution; Spillover Effect; Synthetic Control; Sales; Strategy; Media; Newspapers; Publishing Industry
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      Chung, Doug J., Ho Kim, and Reo Song. "The Comprehensive Effects of a Digital Paywall Sales Strategy." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-118, May 2019.
      • March–April 2019
      • Article

      A Recombination-Based Internationalization Model: Evidence from Narayana Health's Journey from India to the Cayman Islands

      By: Budhaditya Gupta and Tarun Khanna
      Internationalizing firms often find developing host-country resources challenging as they simultaneously attempt to replicate the resources that worked well in their home country and adapt them to fit the context of the host country. On the basis of a longitudinal...  View Details
      Keywords: Recombination; Internationalization; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Multinational Firms and Management; Health Care and Treatment; India; Cayman Islands
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      Gupta, Budhaditya, and Tarun Khanna. "A Recombination-Based Internationalization Model: Evidence from Narayana Health's Journey from India to the Cayman Islands." Organization Science 30, no. 2 (March–April 2019): 405–425.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Overcoming the Cold Start Problem of CRM Using a Probabilistic Machine Learning Approach

      By: Eva Ascarza
      The success of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) programs ultimately depends on the firm's ability to understand consumers' preferences and precisely capture how these preferences may differ across customers. Only by understanding customer heterogeneity, firms can...  View Details
      Keywords: Customer Management; Targeting; Deep Exponential Families; Probabilistic Machine Learning; Cold Start Problem; Customer Relationship Management; Customer Value and Value Chain; Consumer Behavior; Analytics and Data Science; Mathematical Methods; Retail Industry
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      Padilla, Nicolas, and Eva Ascarza. "Overcoming the Cold Start Problem of CRM Using a Probabilistic Machine Learning Approach." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-091, February 2019. (Revised May 2020. Accepted at the Journal of Marketing Research.)
      • February 2019
      • Article

      The Market for Financial Adviser Misconduct

      By: Mark Egan, Gregor Matvos and Amit Seru
      We construct a novel database containing the universe of financial advisers in the United States from 2005 to 2015, representing approximately 10% of employment of the finance and insurance sector. We provide the first large-scale study that documents the economy-wide...  View Details
      Keywords: Financial Advisors; Brokers; Consumer Finance; Financial Misconduct And Fraud; FINRA; Financial Institutions; Crime and Corruption; Organizational Culture; Personal Finance; Financial Services Industry
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      Egan, Mark, Gregor Matvos, and Amit Seru. "The Market for Financial Adviser Misconduct." Journal of Political Economy 127, no. 1 (February 2019): 233–295.
      • 2018
      • Working Paper

      Corporate Sustainability: A Strategy?

      By: George Serafeim
      We explore the conditions under which firms maintain their competitive advantage through sustainability-based differentiation when faced with imitation pressures by industry peers. We document growing intraindustry convergence on sustainability actions over time for...  View Details
      Keywords: Sustainability; Corporate Performance; Industry Analysis; CSR; ESG; ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) Performance; Environment; Social Responsibility; Strategy And Execution; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Environmental Sustainability; Strategy; Performance; Corporate Strategy
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      Ioannou, Ioannis, and George Serafeim. "Corporate Sustainability: A Strategy?" Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-065, January 2019. (Revised April 2021.)
      • Article

      Applying Random Coefficient Models to Strategy Research: Identifying and Exploring Firm Heterogeneous Effects

      By: Juan Alcácer, Wilbur Chung, Ashton Hawk and Gonçalo Pacheco-de-Almeida
      Strategy aims at understanding the differential effects of firms’ actions on performance. However, standard regression models estimate only the average effects of these actions across firms. Our paper discusses how random coefficient models (RCMs) may generate new...  View Details
      Keywords: Strategy; Research; Competitive Advantage; Competitive Strategy; Performance
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      Alcácer, Juan, Wilbur Chung, Ashton Hawk, and Gonçalo Pacheco-de-Almeida. "Applying Random Coefficient Models to Strategy Research: Identifying and Exploring Firm Heterogeneous Effects." Strategy Science 3, no. 3 (September 2018): 481–553.
      • 2018
      • Working Paper

      Taxation and Innovation in the 20th Century

      By: Ufuk Akcigit, John Grigsby, Tom Nicholas and Stefanie Stantcheva
      This paper studies the effect of corporate and personal taxes on innovation in the United States over the 20th century. We use three new datasets: a panel of the universe of inventors who patent since 1920; a dataset of the employment, location, and patents of firms...  View Details
      Keywords: Taxation; Innovation and Invention; History; United States
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      Akcigit, Ufuk, John Grigsby, Tom Nicholas, and Stefanie Stantcheva. "Taxation and Innovation in the 20th Century." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 24982, September 2018. (Forthcoming in Quarterly Journal of Economics.)
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