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All HBS Web
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- Faculty Publications (505)
- 2022
- Working Paper
The Regulation of Medical AI: Policy Approaches, Data, and Innovation Incentives
By: Ariel Dora Stern
For those who follow health and technology news, it is difficult to go more than a few days without reading about a compelling new application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to health care. AI has myriad applications in medicine and its adjacent industries, with...
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Keywords:
AI and Machine Learning;
Health Care and Treatment;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Technological Innovation;
Medical Devices and Supplies Industry
Stern, Ariel Dora. "The Regulation of Medical AI: Policy Approaches, Data, and Innovation Incentives." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 30639, December 2022.
- November 2022
- Case
Ajax Health: A New Model for Medical Technology Innovation
By: Regina E. Herzlinger and Ben Creo
This case teaches key success factors for both startup and established MedTech firms. It examines how to structure a firm to maximize innovation and financial returns with organizational structures that better align the incentives for the different skill sets...
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Keywords:
Business Startups;
Success;
Innovation Strategy;
Mergers and Acquisitions;
Market Entry and Exit;
Financial Strategy;
Business Model;
Partners and Partnerships;
Entrepreneurship;
Private Equity;
Technology Industry;
Medical Devices and Supplies Industry
Herzlinger, Regina E., and Ben Creo. "Ajax Health: A New Model for Medical Technology Innovation." Harvard Business School Case 323-043, November 2022.
- November 2022
- Technical Note
National Security and Transnational Capitalism
By: Meg Rithmire
Though the relationship between national security and transnational commerce had long been interrogated and contested, the 2020s saw the escalation of concerns about insecurity and interdependence. These concerns manifested in a suite of institutional innovations and...
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Rithmire, Meg. "National Security and Transnational Capitalism." Harvard Business School Technical Note 723-016, November 2022.
- November, 2022
- Article
Role of Context in Knowledge Flows: Host Country versus Headquarters as Sources of MNC Subsidiary Knowledge Inheritance
By: Mike Horia Teodorescu, Prithwiraj Choudhury and Tarun Khanna
We respond to calls in the strategy and international business literature for elucidating how multinational subsidiaries develop contextual intelligence in host countries and how they use the local context as a source of valuable opportunities for learning. Applying...
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Keywords:
MNCs;
Knowledge Flows;
Innovation;
Gravity Model;
Absorptive Capacity;
Multinational Firms and Management;
Business Subsidiaries;
Knowledge Management;
Business Headquarters;
Innovation and Invention
Teodorescu, Mike Horia, Prithwiraj Choudhury, and Tarun Khanna. "Role of Context in Knowledge Flows: Host Country versus Headquarters as Sources of MNC Subsidiary Knowledge Inheritance." Special Issue on Decade Celebration Special Issue II. Global Strategy Journal 12, no. 4 (November, 2022): 658–678.
- 2022
- Article
The Effects of Public and Private Equity Markets on Firm Behavior
By: Shai Bernstein
In this article, I review the theoretical and empirical literature on the effects of public and private equity markets on firm behavior, emphasizing the consequences that emerge from disclosure requirements, ownership concentration, and degree of firm standardization....
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Keywords:
Corporate Finance And Governance;
Financing Policy;
Commercialization;
Capital Markets;
Private Equity;
Public Equity;
Venture Capital;
Innovation and Invention;
Cost of Capital
Bernstein, Shai. "The Effects of Public and Private Equity Markets on Firm Behavior." Annual Review of Financial Economics 14 (2022): 295–318.
- October 2022
- Case
Colette Phillips and GetKonnected!: Creating Inclusive Ecosystems
By: Rosabeth Moss Kanter, Amy Chiu and Joyce Kim
Colette Phillips’ marketing firm had just won the City of Boston’s 2nd largest contract in history to a Black-owned company. During the Covid-19 pandemic, Get Konnected!, the networking organization for people of color that she founded 15 years earlier and led to...
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Keywords:
Diversity;
Ecosystem;
Inclusion;
People Of Color;
Network;
Racial Bias;
Gender Bias;
Entrepreneurial Ecosystem;
Entrepreneur;
Change;
Change Barriers;
Change Leadership;
Community;
Innovation;
Pandemic;
Impact;
Systemic Racism;
Minority-owned Businesses;
Social and Collaborative Networks;
Equity;
Race;
Small Business;
Prejudice and Bias;
Boston
Kanter, Rosabeth Moss, Amy Chiu, and Joyce Kim. "Colette Phillips and GetKonnected!: Creating Inclusive Ecosystems." Harvard Business School Case 323-035, October 2022.
- 2024
- Working Paper
You've Got Mail! The Late 19th-Century U.S. Postal Service Expansion, Firm Creation, and Firm Performance
By: Astrid Marinoni and Maria P. Roche
We analyze the impact of the US Postal Service's expansion in the late 1800s on firm creation and performance. Exploiting novel data constructed from digitized archives on historic business establishments, post office locations, and road network characteristics in...
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Keywords:
Institutional Innovation;
Knowledge Exchange;
US Postal Service;
Firm Performance;
Infrastructure;
Expansion;
Government Administration;
Communication;
Business History;
Entrepreneurship;
Public Administration Industry;
California
Marinoni, Astrid, and Maria P. Roche. "You've Got Mail! The Late 19th-Century U.S. Postal Service Expansion, Firm Creation, and Firm Performance." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-022, October 2022. (Revised March 2024.)
- 2022
- Article
Diffusing Management Practices within the Firm: The Role of Information Provision
By: Michael J. Lenox and Michael W. Toffel
Why are some firms more successful in adopting profitable environmental management practices than others? A key role of corporate managers is to encourage subsidiaries to adopt innovative practices. We examine the conditions under which corporate managers use...
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Keywords:
Environmental Strategy;
Information Provision;
Environmental Management;
Knowledge Dissemination
Lenox, Michael J., and Michael W. Toffel. "Diffusing Management Practices within the Firm: The Role of Information Provision." Art. 5911. Special Issue on Competitive Sustainability: The Intersection of Sustainability and Business Success. Sustainability 14, no. 10 (2022).
- 2022
- Article
Dynamic Pricing Algorithms, Consumer Harm, and Regulatory Response
By: Alexander MacKay and Samuel N. Weinstein
Pricing algorithms are rapidly transforming markets, from ride-sharing apps, to air travel, to online retail. Regulators and scholars have watched this development with a wary eye. Their focus so far has been on the potential for pricing algorithms to facilitate...
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Keywords:
Competition Policy;
Regulation;
Algorithmic Pricing;
Dynamic Pricing;
Economics;
Law And Economics;
Law And Regulation;
Consumer Protection;
Antitrust Law;
Industrial Organization;
Antitrust Issues And Policies;
Technological Change: Choices And Consequences;
Competition;
Policy;
Price;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Microeconomics;
Duopoly and Oligopoly;
Law
MacKay, Alexander, and Samuel N. Weinstein. "Dynamic Pricing Algorithms, Consumer Harm, and Regulatory Response." Washington University Law Review 100, no. 1 (2022): 111–174. (Direct download.)
- September 2022
- Article
Find and Replace: R&D Investment Following the Erosion of Existing Products
By: Joshua L. Krieger, Xuelin Li and Richard T. Thakor
How do innovative firms react when existing products experience negative shocks? We explore this question with detailed project-level data from drug development firms. Using FDA Public Health Advisories as idiosyncratic negative shocks to approved drugs, we first...
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Keywords:
R&D Investments;
Drug Development;
Product Shocks;
M&A;
Biopharmaceutical Industry;
FDA;
System Shocks;
Research and Development;
Investment;
Decision Making;
Pharmaceutical Industry
Krieger, Joshua L., Xuelin Li, and Richard T. Thakor. "Find and Replace: R&D Investment Following the Erosion of Existing Products." Management Science 68, no. 9 (September 2022): 6552–6571.
- 2023
- Working Paper
Scoring and Funding Breakthrough Ideas: Evidence from a Global Pharmaceutical Company
By: Joshua Krieger, Ramana Nanda, Ian Hunt, Aimee Reynolds and Peter Tarsa
We study resource allocation to early-stage ideas at an internal startup program of
one the largest pharmaceutical firms in the world. Our research design enables us to
elicit every evaluator’s scores across five different attributes, before seeing how they
would...
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Keywords:
Project Selection;
Pharmaceuticals;
Financing Innovation;
Resource Allocation;
Innovation and Invention;
Research and Development
Krieger, Joshua, Ramana Nanda, Ian Hunt, Aimee Reynolds, and Peter Tarsa. "Scoring and Funding Breakthrough Ideas: Evidence from a Global Pharmaceutical Company." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-014, August 2022. (Revised November 2023.)
- July 2022
- Article
Estimating Spillovers from Publicly Funded R&D: Evidence from the US Department of Energy
By: Kyle Myers and Lauren Lanahan
We quantify the magnitude of R&D spillovers created by grants to small firms from the US Department of Energy. Our empirical strategy leverages variation due to state-specific matching policies, and we develop a new approach to measuring both geographic and...
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Keywords:
Innovation;
Energy;
R&D;
Grants;
Innovation and Invention;
Research and Development;
Patents;
Performance;
United States
Myers, Kyle, and Lauren Lanahan. "Estimating Spillovers from Publicly Funded R&D: Evidence from the US Department of Energy." American Economic Review 112, no. 7 (July 2022): 2393–2423.
- 2022
- Working Paper
Innovation on Wings: Nonstop Flights and Firm Innovation in the Global Context
By: Dany Bahar, Prithwiraj Choudhury, Do Yoon Kim and Wesley W. Koo
We study whether, when, and how better connectivity through nonstop flights leads to positive innovation outcomes for firms in the global context. Using unique data of all flights emanating from 5,015 airports around the globe from 2005 to 2015 and exploiting a...
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Keywords:
Nonstop Flights;
Collaborative Innovation and Invention;
Patents;
Research and Development;
Air Transportation Industry
Bahar, Dany, Prithwiraj Choudhury, Do Yoon Kim, and Wesley W. Koo. "Innovation on Wings: Nonstop Flights and Firm Innovation in the Global Context." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-009, July 2022.
- June 2022
- Article
The Use and Misuse of Patent Data: Issues for Finance and Beyond
By: Josh Lerner and Amit Seru
Patents and citations are powerful tools for understanding innovation increasingly used in financial economics (and management research more broadly). Biases may result, however, from the interactions between the truncation of patents and citations and the changing...
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Lerner, Josh, and Amit Seru. "The Use and Misuse of Patent Data: Issues for Finance and Beyond." Review of Financial Studies 35, no. 6 (June 2022): 2667–2704.
- 2022
- Working Paper
Are Experts Blinded by Feasibility?: Experimental Evidence from a NASA Robotics Challenge
By: Jacqueline N. Lane, Zoe Szajnfarber, Jason Crusan, Michael Menietti and Karim R. Lakhani
Resource allocation decisions play a dominant role in shaping a firm’s technological trajectory and competitive advantage. Recent work indicates that innovative firms and scientific institutions tend to exhibit an anti-novelty bias when evaluating new projects and...
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Keywords:
Evaluations;
Novelty;
Feasibility;
Field Experiment;
Resource Allocation;
Technological Innovation;
Competitive Advantage;
Decision Making
Lane, Jacqueline N., Zoe Szajnfarber, Jason Crusan, Michael Menietti, and Karim R. Lakhani. "Are Experts Blinded by Feasibility? Experimental Evidence from a NASA Robotics Challenge." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-071, May 2022.
- March 2022 (Revised March 2022)
- Module Note
Managing Customers in the Digital Era
By: Eva Ascarza
The last two decades have witnessed incredible technological advances that have transformed the ways customers connect with each other and enabled firms to track customers in multiple ways through various channels to personalize (and automize) their offerings at...
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Keywords:
Customer Relationship Management;
Customer Focus and Relationships;
Technological Innovation
Ascarza, Eva. "Managing Customers in the Digital Era." Harvard Business School Module Note 522-066, March 2022. (Revised March 2022.)
- 2023
- Working Paper
Fintech to the (Worker) Rescue: Access to Earned Wages, Financial Health and Employee Turnover
By: Jose Murillo, Boris Vallée and Dolly Yu
Using novel data from a Mexican FinTech firm, we study the usage by workers of earned wages access, an innovative financial service offered by firms to their employees as a benefit. We find usage to be significant and concentrated towards the end of the pay cycle. We...
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Keywords:
Fintech;
Present Bias;
Earned Wage Access;
Wages;
Employees;
Retention;
Well-being;
Mexico
Murillo, Jose, Boris Vallée, and Dolly Yu. "Fintech to the (Worker) Rescue: Access to Earned Wages, Financial Health and Employee Turnover." Working Paper, 2023.
- February 2022
- Case
Toraya
By: Lauren Cohen and Akiko Kanno
Mitsuharu Kurokawa was the 18th generation leader of a family firm that produced and sold premium Japanese sweets, Toraya Confectionery Co., Ltd. He had succeeded the business from his father, Mitsuhiro Kurokawa who had led the firm for thirty years. Mitsuharu was...
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- 2022
- Chapter
Creating 'Smart' Policy to Promote Entrepreneurship and Innovation
By: Karen G. Mills and Annie Dang
Entrepreneurship is a key to unlocking innovation and fostering regional and national economic productivity. Extensive studies demonstrate that small and young firms contribute to innovation and employment growth. But which of the many types of small firms are...
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Keywords:
Economic Policy;
High-growth;
Entrepreneurship;
Innovation and Invention;
Business Startups;
Economic Growth;
Policy;
United States
Mills, Karen G., and Annie Dang. "Creating 'Smart' Policy to Promote Entrepreneurship and Innovation." In The Role of Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Economic Growth, edited by Michael J. Andrews, Aaron Chatterji, Josh Lerner, and Scott Stern. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2022.
- 2022
- Article
Missing Novelty in Drug Development
By: Joshua Krieger, Danielle Li and Dimitris Papanikolaou
We provide evidence that risk aversion leads pharmaceutical firms to underinvest in radical innovation. We introduce a new measure of drug novelty based on chemical similarity and show that firms face a risk-reward trade-off: novel drug candidates are less likely to...
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Keywords:
Drug Development;
Risk Aversion;
Research and Development;
Innovation and Invention;
Investment;
Pharmaceutical Industry
Krieger, Joshua, Danielle Li, and Dimitris Papanikolaou. "Missing Novelty in Drug Development." Review of Financial Studies 35, no. 2 (February 2022): 636–679.