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Publications

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    • All HBS Web  (1,963)
      • Faculty Publications  (409)

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      • Article

      Expected Stock Returns Worldwide: A Log-Linear Present-Value Approach

      By: Akash Chattopadhyay, Matthew R. Lyle and Charles C.Y. Wang
      This study provides the first large-scale study of the performance of expected-return proxies (ERPs) internationally. Analyst-forecast-based ICCs are sparsely populated and not robustly associated with future returns. Earnings-model-forecast-based ICCs are...  View Details
      Keywords: Expected Returns; Discount Rates; Fundamental Valuation; Implied Cost Of Capital; International Equity Markets; Present Value; Investment Return; Equity; Markets; Global Range
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      Chattopadhyay, Akash, Matthew R. Lyle, and Charles C.Y. Wang. "Expected Stock Returns Worldwide: A Log-Linear Present-Value Approach." Accounting Review 97, no. 2 (March 2022): 107–133.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Climate Solutions Investments

      By: Alex Cheema-Fox, George Serafeim and Hui (Stacie) Wang
      An increasing number of companies are providing products and services that help reduce carbon emissions in the economy. We develop a methodology to identify those companies and create a sample of publicly listed climate solutions companies allowing us to study their...  View Details
      Keywords: Decarbonization; Climate Finance; Climate Impact; Climate Risk; Environment; Sustainability; Carbon Emissions; Electric Vehicles; Energy; Renewables; Climate Change; Investment; Environmental Sustainability; Renewable Energy; Transportation Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; Energy Industry; Industrial Products Industry; China; United States; Asia; Europe
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      Cheema-Fox, Alex, George Serafeim, and Hui (Stacie) Wang. "Climate Solutions Investments." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-054, January 2022.
      • January 2022
      • Background Note

      Common Prosperity? China Shifts Left

      By: William C. Kirby and Noah B. Truwit
      Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has been mistrustful of entrepreneurs and the private sector that operates outside the government’s authority. In its first decades under Mao Zedong, the CCP...  View Details
      Keywords: Market Reform; Gdp; Government Administration; Government and Politics; Private Sector; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Economy; Globalized Economies and Regions; Entrepreneurship; Business and Government Relations; Globalized Markets and Industries; Social Issues; Society; Economic Growth; China
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      Kirby, William C., and Noah B. Truwit. "Common Prosperity? China Shifts Left." Harvard Business School Background Note 322-069, January 2022.
      • January 2022
      • Article

      Investing Outside the Box: Evidence from Alternative Vehicles in Private Equity

      By: Josh Lerner, Jason Mao, Antoinette Schoar and Nan R. Zhang
      This paper uses previously unexplored custodial data to examine the use of alternative investment vehicles in private equity (PE) over four decades. We document a steep increase in the capital directed to alternative vehicles, with these vehicles approaching a 40%...  View Details
      Keywords: Alternative Investment Vehicles; Investment Funds; Private Equity; Venture Capital; Performance
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      Lerner, Josh, Jason Mao, Antoinette Schoar, and Nan R. Zhang. "Investing Outside the Box: Evidence from Alternative Vehicles in Private Equity." Journal of Financial Economics 143, no. 1 (January 2022): 359–380.
      • January 2022
      • Article

      Replicating Private Equity with Value Investing, Homemade Leverage, and Hold-to-Maturity Accounting

      By: Erik Stafford
      The contributions of asset selection and incremental leverage to buyout investment performance are more important than typically assumed or estimated to be. Buyout funds select small firms with distinct value characteristics. Public equities with these characteristics...  View Details
      Keywords: Replicating Portfolio; Private Equity; Investment Portfolio
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      Stafford, Erik. "Replicating Private Equity with Value Investing, Homemade Leverage, and Hold-to-Maturity Accounting." Review of Financial Studies 35, no. 1 (January 2022): 299–342.
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Stock Investors' Returns Are Exaggerated

      By: Jesse M. Fried, Paul Ma and Charles C.Y. Wang
      The stock market generates less wealth than it appears. We show that total shareholder return (TSR), the standard measure of stock investor performance, substantially exaggerates returns earned by these investors in aggregate, and thus by most investors. The main...  View Details
      Keywords: All-shareholder Returns; Capital Flows; Dividend Reinvestment; Equity Premium; Total Shareholder Returns; Stocks; Investment Return; Market Timing
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      Fried, Jesse M., Paul Ma, and Charles C.Y. Wang. "Stock Investors' Returns Are Exaggerated." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-036, November 2021.
      • December 2021
      • Article

      Trade Policy Uncertainty and Stock Returns

      By: Marcelo Bianconi, Federico Esposito and Marco Sammon
      A recent literature has documented large real effects of trade policy uncertainty (TPU) on trade, employment, and investment, but there is little evidence that investors are compensated for bearing such risk. To quantify the risk premium associated with TPU, we exploit...  View Details
      Keywords: Trade Policy; Uncertainty; Stock Returns; Risk Premium; Tariff Rates; Portfolio Analysis; Trade; Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; Stocks; Investment Return
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      Bianconi, Marcelo, Federico Esposito, and Marco Sammon. "Trade Policy Uncertainty and Stock Returns." Art. 102492. Journal of International Money and Finance 119 (December 2021).
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      What Drives Variation in Investor Portfolios? Evidence from Retirement Plans

      By: Mark Egan, Alexander MacKay and Hanbin Yang
      We study empirical patterns in investment behavior using a comprehensive data set of defined contribution plans. Using plan-level portfolio allocation data for the near universe of 401(k) plans over the period 2009–2019, we document substantial differences in...  View Details
      Keywords: Stock Market Expectations; Demand Estimation; Retirement Planning; Defined Contribution Retirement Plan; 401 (K); Finance; Investment Portfolio; Investment; Retirement; Behavioral Finance; Financial Services Industry; United States
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      Egan, Mark, Alexander MacKay, and Hanbin Yang. "What Drives Variation in Investor Portfolios? Evidence from Retirement Plans." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-044, December 2021. (Direct download. NBER Working Paper Series, No. 29604, December 2021)
      • November 2021 (Revised December 2021)
      • Case

      Praava Health: A New Model for Bangladesh

      By: Michael Chu
      Launched in Dhaka, Bangladesh, in 2018, Praava Health (‘Praava’) delivered high-quality in-clinic primary and specialist care, backed by its own high quality diagnostic laboratories, imaging and pharmacy. Praava was founder Sylvana Sinha’s response to what she saw as a...  View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Health Care and Treatment; Investment Return; Mobile and Wireless Technology; Business Model; Growth and Development Strategy; Health Industry; Bangladesh; Asia
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      Chu, Michael. "Praava Health: A New Model for Bangladesh." Harvard Business School Case 322-067, November 2021. (Revised December 2021.)
      • November 2021
      • Article

      Venture Capitalists and COVID-19

      By: Paul A. Gompers, Will Gornall, Steven N. Kaplan and Ilya A. Strebulaev
      We survey over 1,000 institutional and corporate venture capitalists (VCs) at more than 900 different firms to learn how their decisions and investments have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. We compare their survey answers to those provided by a large sample of...  View Details
      Keywords: Investment Decisions; COVID-19 Pandemic; Impact; Health Pandemics; Venture Capital; Investment; Decision Making; Surveys
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      Gompers, Paul A., Will Gornall, Steven N. Kaplan, and Ilya A. Strebulaev. "Venture Capitalists and COVID-19." Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 56, no. 7 (November 2021).
      • Article

      Decarbonization Factors

      By: Alex Cheema-Fox, Bridget LaPerla, George Serafeim, David Turkington and Hui (Stacie) Wang
      In the face of accelerating climate change, investors are making capital allocations seeking to decarbonize portfolios by reducing the carbon emissions of their holdings. To understand the performance of portfolio decarbonization strategies and investor behavior...  View Details
      Keywords: ESG; Investment Management; Factor Investing; Investor Behavior; Climate Change; Environmental Sustainability; Investment; Management
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      Cheema-Fox, Alex, Bridget LaPerla, George Serafeim, David Turkington, and Hui (Stacie) Wang. "Decarbonization Factors." Journal of Impact and ESG Investing 2, no. 1 (Fall 2021): 47–73.
      • Article

      Health Equity, Schooling Hesitancy, and the Social Determinants of Learning

      By: Meira Levinson, Alan C. Geller, Joseph G. Allen and John D. Macomber
      At least 62 million K-12 students in North America—disproportionately low-income children of color— have been physically out of school for over a year due to the COVID-19 pandemic. These children are at risk of significant academic, social, mental, and physical harm...  View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19; Public Health; Air Quality; Social Determinants Of Health; Schooling Hesitancy; Vaccine Hesitancy; Racial Injustice; Inequity; Inequality; Health Pandemics; Education; Health Care and Treatment; Policy; Race; Equality and Inequality
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      Levinson, Meira, Alan C. Geller, Joseph G. Allen, and John D. Macomber. "Health Equity, Schooling Hesitancy, and the Social Determinants of Learning." Art. 100032. Lancet Regional Health – Americas 2 (October 2021).
      • 2021
      • Article

      Decarbonizing Everything

      By: Alex Cheema-Fox, Bridget LaPerla, George Serafeim, David Turkington and Hui (Stacie) Wang
      We analyze how the use of different climate risk measures leads to different portfolio carbon outcomes and risk-adjusted returns. Our findings are synthesized in a rules-based investment framework, which selects a different type of climate metric across industries and...  View Details
      Keywords: Climate Risk; ESG; ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) Performance; ESG Disclosure; ESG Disclosure Metrics; ESG Ratings; Investing; Investing For Impact; Investment Strategy; Environment; Decarbonization; Climate Change; Environmental Sustainability; Environmental Management; Environmental Accounting; Investment; Strategy; Investment Portfolio; Investment Return
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      Cheema-Fox, Alex, Bridget LaPerla, George Serafeim, David Turkington, and Hui (Stacie) Wang. "Decarbonizing Everything." Financial Analysts Journal 77, no. 3 (2021): 93–108.
      • June 2021
      • Case

      Modern Endowment Management: Paula Volent and the Bowdoin Endowment

      By: Luis M. Viceira, Emily R. McComb and Dean Xu
      This case examines modern endowment investment management through the lens of a leadership transition between Chief Investment Officers (CIOs). In March 2021, Paula Volent is about to step down as the CIO of the endowment of Bowdoin College after twenty-one years, and...  View Details
      Keywords: Investment Portfolio; Investment Banking; Growth Management; Investment Return; Capital Markets; Interest Rates; Competition; Cost Management; Risk Management; Financial Liquidity; Performance Evaluation
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      Viceira, Luis M., Emily R. McComb, and Dean Xu. "Modern Endowment Management: Paula Volent and the Bowdoin Endowment." Harvard Business School Case 221-101, June 2021.
      • June 23, 2021
      • Article

      Research: When A/B Testing Doesn't Tell You the Whole Story

      By: Eva Ascarza
      When it comes to churn prevention, marketers traditionally start by identifying which customers are most likely to churn, and then running A/B tests to determine whether a proposed retention intervention will be effective at retaining those high-risk customers. While...  View Details
      Keywords: Customer Retention; Churn; Targeting; Market Research; Marketing; Investment Return; Customers; Retention; Research
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      Ascarza, Eva. "Research: When A/B Testing Doesn't Tell You the Whole Story." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (June 23, 2021).
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Studying the U.S.-Based Portfolio Companies of U.S. Impact Investors

      By: M. Diane Burton, Gurveen Chadha, Shawn A. Cole, Abhishek Dev, Christina Jarymowycz, Leslie Jeng, Laura Kelley, Josh Lerner, Jaime R. Diaz Palacios, Yue (Cynthia) Xu and T. Robert Zochowski
      Recent years have seen a dramatic increase in the reliance on market-based solutions to social and environmental problems around the world (Barman 2016; Horvath and Powell 2020). The growth of impact investing is a vivid example of this trend and, although there have...  View Details
      Keywords: Impact Investing; Impact Portfolio Companies; Investment; Social Issues; Environmental Sustainability; Investment Portfolio; Business Ventures; Analytics and Data Science; Performance; United States
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      Burton, M. Diane, Gurveen Chadha, Shawn A. Cole, Abhishek Dev, Christina Jarymowycz, Leslie Jeng, Laura Kelley, Josh Lerner, Jaime R. Diaz Palacios, Yue (Cynthia) Xu, and T. Robert Zochowski. "Studying the U.S.-Based Portfolio Companies of U.S. Impact Investors." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-130, June 2021.
      • June 2021
      • Article

      Short-Termism, Shareholder Payouts, and Investment in the EU

      By: Jesse M. Fried and Charles C.Y. Wang
      Investor-driven "short-termism" is said to harm EU public firms' ability to invest for the long term, prompting calls for the EU to better insulate managers from shareholder pressure. But the evidence offered—rising levels of repurchases and dividends—is incomplete and...  View Details
      Keywords: Short-termism; EU; Payout Policy; Innovation; Investment; Corporate Governance; Investment Return; Acquisition; European Union
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      Fried, Jesse M., and Charles C.Y. Wang. "Short-Termism, Shareholder Payouts, and Investment in the EU." European Financial Management 27, no. 3 (June 2021): 389–413.
      • July–August 2021
      • Article

      Why You Aren't Getting More from Your Marketing AI

      By: Eva Ascarza, Michael Ross and Bruce G.S. Hardie
      Fewer than 40% of companies that invest in AI see gains from it, usually because of one or more of these errors: (1) They don’t ask the right question, and end up directing AI to solve the wrong problem. (2) They don’t recognize the differences between the value of...  View Details
      Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Marketing; Decision Making; Communication; Framework; AI and Machine Learning
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      Ascarza, Eva, Michael Ross, and Bruce G.S. Hardie. "Why You Aren't Getting More from Your Marketing AI." Harvard Business Review 99, no. 4 (July–August 2021): 48–54.
      • May 2021
      • Teaching Plan

      Gera Developments: Leadership at a Crossroads

      By: Christina R. Wing and John Masko
      Teaching Plan for HBS Case No. 621-018. For decades, Gera Developments (Gera) was a boutique family-owned real estate development firm in Pune, India. But since 2000, managing director Rohit Gera had turned the company into a dynamic innovator in housing solutions for...  View Details
      Keywords: Buildings and Facilities; Business Growth and Maturation; Construction; Geographic Location; Global Strategy; Globalized Firms and Management; Housing; Leadership Style; Management Succession; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Organizational Culture; Family Ownership; Family and Family Relationships; Urban Development; Customization and Personalization; Real Estate Industry; Maharashtra; India; San Francisco
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      Wing, Christina R., and John Masko. "Gera Developments: Leadership at a Crossroads." Harvard Business School Teaching Plan 621-109, May 2021.
      • May 2021 (Revised September 2021)
      • Case

      CPE and SUS Environmental: You've Got to Know When to Hold 'Em (A)

      By: Josh Lerner and Franko Jira
      In July 2016, Di Yang and Grace Guo of the leading Chinese private equity group CPE faced a dilemma—a happy dilemma, but a challenge nonetheless. CPE’s investment in the waste-to-energy firm SUS Environment had proved to be exceedingly successful. This success had...  View Details
      Keywords: Decision Choices and Conditions; Private Equity; Financial Liquidity; Investment Return; Growth and Development
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      Lerner, Josh, and Franko Jira. "CPE and SUS Environmental: You've Got to Know When to Hold 'Em (A)." Harvard Business School Case 821-085, May 2021. (Revised September 2021.)
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