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      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Studying the U.S.-Based Portfolio Companies of U.S. Impact Investors

      By: M. Diane Burton, Gurveen Chadha, Shawn A. Cole, Abhishek Dev, Christina Jarymowycz, Leslie Jeng, Laura Kelley, Josh Lerner, Jaime R. Diaz Palacios, Yue (Cynthia) Xu and T. Robert Zochowski
      Recent years have seen a dramatic increase in the reliance on market-based solutions to social and environmental problems around the world (Barman 2016; Horvath and Powell 2020). The growth of impact investing is a vivid example of this trend and, although there have...  View Details
      Keywords: Impact Investing; Impact Portfolio Companies; Investment; Social Issues; Environmental Sustainability; Investment Portfolio; Business Ventures; Data and Data Sets; Performance; United States
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      Burton, M. Diane, Gurveen Chadha, Shawn A. Cole, Abhishek Dev, Christina Jarymowycz, Leslie Jeng, Laura Kelley, Josh Lerner, Jaime R. Diaz Palacios, Yue (Cynthia) Xu, and T. Robert Zochowski. "Studying the U.S.-Based Portfolio Companies of U.S. Impact Investors." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-130, June 2021.
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Population Interference in Panel Experiments

      By: Iavor I Bojinov, Kevin Wu Han and Guillaume Basse
      The phenomenon of population interference, where a treatment assigned to one experimental unit affects another experimental unit's outcome, has received considerable attention in standard randomized experiments. The complications produced by population interference in...  View Details
      Keywords: Finite Population; Potential Outcomes; Dynamic Causal Effects; Mathematical Methods
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      Bojinov, Iavor I., Kevin Wu Han, and Guillaume Basse. "Population Interference in Panel Experiments." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-100, March 2021.
      • 2021
      • Chapter

      Renewing the Relevance of IB: Can Some History Help?

      By: Geoffrey Jones
      International business (IB) as a discipline has given limited attention to contemporary grand challenges of inequality, global warming, aging populations, endemic health crises, and de-globalization, in all of which multinationals are either central to the problem or...  View Details
      Keywords: International Business; Globalization; History; Multinational Firms and Management
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      Jones, Geoffrey. "Renewing the Relevance of IB: Can Some History Help?" Chap. 6 in The Multiple Dimensions of Institutional Complexity in International Business Research. Vol. 15, edited by Alain Verbeke, Rob van Tulder, Elizabeth L. Rose, and Yingqi Wei, 77–92. Progress in International Business Research. Bingley, United Kingdom: Emerald Publishing Limited, 2021.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Retail Investors' Contrarian Behavior Around Earnings, Attention, and the Momentum Effect

      By: Marco Sammon, Cheng (Patrick) Luo, Enrichetta Ravina and Luis M. Viceira
      We study the role of retail investors in the gradual diffusion of information in financial markets. We show that retail investors tend to trade as contrarians after large earnings surprises, and such contrarian trading contributes to sluggish price adjustment and to...  View Details
      Keywords: Retail Investors; Momentum; Earnings Surprises; Investment; Behavior; Information; Financial Markets
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      Sammon, Marco, Cheng (Patrick) Luo, Enrichetta Ravina, and Luis M. Viceira. "Retail Investors' Contrarian Behavior Around Earnings, Attention, and the Momentum Effect." Working Paper, November 2020.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      (When) Does Appearance Matter? Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial

      By: Prithwiraj Choudhury, Tarun Khanna, Christos A. Makridis and Subhradip Sarker
      While there is evidence about labor market discrimination based on race, religion, and gender, we know little about whether physical appearance leads to discrimination in labor market outcomes. We deploy a randomized experiment on 1,000 respondents in India between...  View Details
      Keywords: Behavioral Economics; Coronavirus; Discrimination; Homophily; Labor Market Mobility; Limited Attention; Resumes; Personal Characteristics; Prejudice and Bias
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      Choudhury, Prithwiraj, Tarun Khanna, Christos A. Makridis, and Subhradip Sarker. "(When) Does Appearance Matter? Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-038, September 2020.
      • 2020
      • Book

      Better, Not Perfect: A Realist's Guide to Maximum Sustainable Goodness

      By: Max Bazerman
      Every day, you make hundreds of decisions. They’re largely personal, but these choices have an ethical twinge as well; they value certain principles and ends over others. Bazerman argues that we can better balance both dimensions—and we needn’t seek perfection to make...  View Details
      Keywords: Decision Making; Moral Sensibility; Ethics; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact
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      Bazerman, Max. Better, Not Perfect: A Realist's Guide to Maximum Sustainable Goodness. New York: Harper Business, 2020.
      • November–December 2019
      • Article

      Making Sense of Soft Information: Interpretation Bias and Loan Quality

      By: Dennis Campbell, Maria Loumioti and Regina Wittenberg Moerman
      We explore whether behavioral biases impede the effective processing and interpretation of soft information in private lending. Taking advantage of the internal reporting system of a large federal credit union, we delineate three important biases likely to affect the...  View Details
      Keywords: Soft Information; Lending; Banking; Information; Financing and Loans; Banks and Banking; Decision Making
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      Campbell, Dennis, Maria Loumioti, and Regina Wittenberg Moerman. "Making Sense of Soft Information: Interpretation Bias and Loan Quality." Art. 101240. Journal of Accounting & Economics 68, nos. 2-3 (November–December 2019).
      • Article

      The Hidden Costs of Initial Coin Offerings

      By: Jeffrey J. Bussgang and Ramana Nanda
      In recent years, much has been written about how the Blockchain is poised to transform traditional industries such as banking, real estate, and healthcare. More recently, it has gained attention as a way to finance new ventures, through what is known as an Initial Coin...  View Details
      Keywords: Initial Coin Offerings; Business Ventures; Entrepreneurship; Finance
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      Bussgang, Jeffrey J., and Ramana Nanda. "The Hidden Costs of Initial Coin Offerings." Harvard Business Review (website) (November 7, 2018).
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Incentive Power and Knowledge Sharing Among Employees: Evidence from the Field

      By: Wei Cai, Susanna Gallani and Jee-Eun Shin
      There is consensus, both in the literature and in practice, about knowledge sharing within organizations being a key determinant of success. However, organizations struggle to sustain employees’ engagement in knowledge sharing. One challenge lies in the fact that,...  View Details
      Keywords: Organizational Knowledge Sharing; Employee Driven Innovation; Innovation Appropriability; Contract Design; High-powered Incentives; Low-powered Incentives; Incentives; Pay-for-Performance; Rank-and-file; Employees; Knowledge Sharing; Innovation and Invention; Motivation and Incentives; Creativity; Performance
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      Cai, Wei, Susanna Gallani, and Jee-Eun Shin. "Incentive Power and Knowledge Sharing Among Employees: Evidence from the Field." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-015, August 2018. (Revised April 2020.)
      • 2018
      • Chapter

      New Prospects for Organizational Democracy?: How the Joint Pursuit of Social and Financial Goals Challenges Traditional Organizational Designs

      By: Julie Battilana, Michael Fuerstein and Michael Lee
      For an extended period during the first half of the 20th century, industrial democracy was a vibrant movement, with ideological and organizational ties to a thriving unionism. In 2015, however, things look different. While there are instances of democracy in the...  View Details
      Keywords: Organizational Design; Social Enterprise; Values and Beliefs; Integration; Theory
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      Battilana, Julie, Michael Fuerstein, and Michael Lee. "New Prospects for Organizational Democracy? How the Joint Pursuit of Social and Financial Goals Challenges Traditional Organizational Designs." In Capitalism Beyond Mutuality? Perspectives Integrating Philosophy and Social Science, edited by Subramanian Rangan, 256–288. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2018.
      • 2017
      • Working Paper

      Intermediation in the Supply of Agricultural Products in Developing Economies

      By: Kris J. Ferreira, Joel Goh and Ehsan Valavi
      Problem Definition: Farmers face several challenges in agricultural supply chains in emerging economies that contribute to extreme levels of poverty. One common challenge is that farmers only have access to one channel, often an auction, for which to sell their crops....  View Details
      Keywords: Developing Countries; Agricultural Supply Chain; Intermediation; Multiple Cahnels; Walrasian Auction; Developing Countries and Economies; Supply Chain; Distribution Channels; Profit; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry
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      Ferreira, Kris J., Joel Goh, and Ehsan Valavi. "Intermediation in the Supply of Agricultural Products in Developing Economies." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 18-033, October 2017.
      • Other Article

      Exploring the Relationship Between Architecture Coupling and Software Vulnerabilities

      By: Robert Lagerstrom, Carliss Y. Baldwin, Alan MacCormack, Daniel J. Sturtevant and Lee Doolan
      Employing software metrics, such as size and complexity, for predicting defects has been given a lot of attention over the years and proven very useful. However, the few studies looking at software architecture and vulnerabilities are limited in scope and findings. We...  View Details
      Keywords: Security Vulnerabilities; Software Architecture; Metrics; Software; Complexity; Measurement and Metrics
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      Lagerstrom, Robert, Carliss Y. Baldwin, Alan MacCormack, Daniel J. Sturtevant, and Lee Doolan. "Exploring the Relationship Between Architecture Coupling and Software Vulnerabilities." Proceedings of the International Symposium on Engineering Secure Software and Systems (ESSoS) 9th (2017): 53–69. (Part of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, ISSN 0302-9743.)
      • Article

      The Error at the Heart of Corporate Leadership

      By: Joseph L. Bower and Lynn S. Paine
      Agency theory, a new model of governance promulgated by academic economists in the 1970s, is behind the idea that corporate managers should make shareholder value their primary concern and that boards should ensure they do. The theory regards shareholders as owners of...  View Details
      Keywords: Agency Theory; Business and Shareholder Relations; Leadership; Corporate Governance
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      Bower, Joseph L., and Lynn S. Paine. "The Error at the Heart of Corporate Leadership." Harvard Business Review 95, no. 3 (May–June 2017): 50–60. (Reprinted in HBR’s 10 Must Reads: The Definitive Management Ideas of the Year from Harvard Business Review 2019, Boston, Mass: Harvard Business Review Press, 2019, pp. 165-192.)
      • 2017
      • Working Paper

      Exploring the Relationship between Architecture Coupling and Software Vulnerabilities: A Google Chrome Case

      By: Robert Lagerstrom, Carliss Y. Baldwin, Alan MacCormack, Dan Sturtevant and Lee Doolan
      Employing software metrics, such as size and complexity, for predicting defects has been given a lot of attention over the years and has proven very useful. However, the few studies looking at software architecture and vulnerabilities are limited in scope and findings....  View Details
      Keywords: Architecture; Coupling; Vulnerabilities; Software; Complexity; Measurement and Metrics
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      Lagerstrom, Robert, Carliss Y. Baldwin, Alan MacCormack, Dan Sturtevant, and Lee Doolan. "Exploring the Relationship between Architecture Coupling and Software Vulnerabilities: A Google Chrome Case." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 17-078, February 2017.
      • 2016
      • Working Paper

      Paying (for) Attention: The Impact of Information Processing Costs on Bayesian Inference

      By: Scott Duke Kominers, Xiaosheng Mu and Alexander Peysakhovich
      Human information processing is often modeled as costless Bayesian inference. However, research in psychology shows that attention is a computationally costly and potentially limited resource. We study a Bayesian individual for whom computing posterior beliefs is...  View Details
      Keywords: Behavior; Cognition and Thinking; Economics
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      Kominers, Scott Duke, Xiaosheng Mu, and Alexander Peysakhovich. "Paying (for) Attention: The Impact of Information Processing Costs on Bayesian Inference." Working Paper, February 2016.
      • Article

      The Relationship Between Workplace Stressors and Mortality and Health Costs in the United States

      By: Joel Goh, Jeffrey Pfeffer and Stefanos A. Zenios
      Even though epidemiological evidence links specific workplace stressors to health outcomes, the aggregate contribution of these factors to overall mortality and health spending in the United States is not known. In this paper, we build a model to estimate the excess...  View Details
      Keywords: Occupational Health; Health Costs; Mortality; Applied Optimization; Health
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      Goh, Joel, Jeffrey Pfeffer, and Stefanos A. Zenios. "The Relationship Between Workplace Stressors and Mortality and Health Costs in the United States." Management Science 62, no. 2 (February 2016): 608–628.
      • January 2015 (Revised October 2018)
      • Case

      Nasty Gals Do It Better

      By: David Collis, Diane Chang, Matthew Shaffer and Ashley Hartman
      In 2006, Sophia Amoruso started Nasty Gal, an eBay boutique selling vintage clothes. With a strong sense of style and personality, Amoruso poured herself into building the brand and developing relationships with her customers—typically the slightly edgy 18–24 year old....  View Details
      Keywords: Business Growth; Brand Management; E-commerce; Online Retail; Social Media; Clothing; Apparel; Expansion; Growth and Development Strategy; Brands and Branding; Management; Marketing Strategy; Strategic Planning; Retail Industry; Apparel and Accessories Industry; United States
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      Collis, David, Diane Chang, Matthew Shaffer, and Ashley Hartman. "Nasty Gals Do It Better." Harvard Business School Case 715-412, January 2015. (Revised October 2018.)
      • Winter 2013
      • Article

      Fear of Rejection? Tiered Certification and Transparency

      By: Emmanuel Farhi, Josh Lerner and Jean Tirole
      The sub-prime crisis has shone a harsh spotlight on the practices of securities underwriters, which provided too many complex securities that proved to ultimately have little value. This uproar calls attention to the fact that the literature on intermediaries has...  View Details
      Keywords: Debt Securities; Corporate Disclosure; Corporate Governance
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      Farhi, Emmanuel, Josh Lerner, and Jean Tirole. "Fear of Rejection? Tiered Certification and Transparency." RAND Journal of Economics 44, no. 4 (Winter 2013): 610–631.
      • 2011
      • Article

      Organizational Errors: Directions for Future Research

      By: Paul S. Goodman, Rangaraj Ramanujam, John S. Carroll and Amy C. Edmondson
      The goal of this paper is to promote research about organizational errors—i.e., the actions of multiple organizational participants that deviate from organizationally specified rules and can potentially result in adverse organizational outcomes. To that end, we advance...  View Details
      Keywords: Research; Organizations; Interests; Managerial Roles; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Management Practices and Processes; Learning
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      Goodman, Paul S., Rangaraj Ramanujam, John S. Carroll, and Amy C. Edmondson. "Organizational Errors: Directions for Future Research." Research in Organizational Behavior 31 (2011): 151–176.
      • June 2007 (Revised December 2007)
      • Case

      AFL-CIO: Office of Investment and Home Depot

      By: Rakesh Khurana and James Weber
      Describes the AFL-CIO: Office of Investments activities in their campaign to improve governance at Home Depot by calling attention to Home Depot CEO Robert Nardelli's compensation package and the company's poor performance. The AFL-CIO Office of Investments advocates...  View Details
      Keywords: Investment; Corporate Governance; Governing and Advisory Boards; Executive Compensation; Labor Unions; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Business and Shareholder Relations
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      Khurana, Rakesh, and James Weber. "AFL-CIO: Office of Investment and Home Depot." Harvard Business School Case 407-097, June 2007. (Revised December 2007.)
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