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All HBS Web
(1,686)
- Faculty Publications (292)
- October 2023
- Article
What Does the Inflation Reduction Act Mean for Patients and Physicians?
By: Amitabh Chandra and Benedic Ippolito
The debate around prescription drug measures in the recently passed U.S. Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), which limit some patients’ out-of-pocket costs, has not fully addressed their effect on physicians and patients via their effect on payers. Reducing patients’ costs...
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Chandra, Amitabh, and Benedic Ippolito. "What Does the Inflation Reduction Act Mean for Patients and Physicians?" NEJM Catalyst Innovations in Care Delivery 4, no. 10 (October 2023).
- 2023
- Working Paper
Mapping Organizational-Level Networks Using Individual-Level Connections: Evidence from Online Professional Networks
By: Shelley Xin Li, Frank Nagle and Aner Zhou
Organization-level networks facilitate the flow of information and business activities in the
economy. Prior research relies solely on high-level connections to measure these networks. Therefore, to
understand the role of employee connections at all job levels in...
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Keywords:
Networks;
Value;
Social and Collaborative Networks;
Innovation and Invention;
Knowledge Sharing;
Employees;
Social Media
Li, Shelley Xin, Frank Nagle, and Aner Zhou. "Mapping Organizational-Level Networks Using Individual-Level Connections: Evidence from Online Professional Networks." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-010, August 2023.
- 2023
- Working Paper
Targeting, Personalization, and Engagement in an Agricultural Advisory Service
By: Susan Athey, Shawn Cole, Shanjukta Nath and Jessica Zhu
ICT is increasingly used to deliver customized information in developing countries. We
examine whether individually targeting the timing of automated voice calls meaningfully
increases engagement in an agricultural advisory service. We define, estimate, and...
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Keywords:
Developing Countries and Economies;
Knowledge Dissemination;
Customization and Personalization;
Performance Effectiveness
Athey, Susan, Shawn Cole, Shanjukta Nath, and Jessica Zhu. "Targeting, Personalization, and Engagement in an Agricultural Advisory Service." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-006, August 2023.
- August 2023
- Article
Status and Mortality: Is There a Whitehall Effect in the United States?
By: Tom Nicholas
The influential Whitehall studies found that top-ranking civil servants in Britain experienced lower mortality than civil servants below them in the organizational hierarchy due to differential exposure to workplace stress. I test for a Whitehall effect in the United...
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Nicholas, Tom. "Status and Mortality: Is There a Whitehall Effect in the United States?" Economic History Review 76, no. 3 (August 2023): 1191–1230.
- July 2023
- Article
Design and Analysis of Switchback Experiments
By: Iavor I Bojinov, David Simchi-Levi and Jinglong Zhao
In switchback experiments, a firm sequentially exposes an experimental unit to a random treatment, measures its response, and repeats the procedure for several periods to determine which treatment leads to the best outcome. Although practitioners have widely adopted...
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Bojinov, Iavor I., David Simchi-Levi, and Jinglong Zhao. "Design and Analysis of Switchback Experiments." Management Science 69, no. 7 (July 2023): 3759–3777.
- 2023
- Working Paper
The Complexity of Economic Decisions
By: Xavier Gabaix and Thomas Graeber
We propose a theory of the complexity of economic decisions. Leveraging a macroeconomic framework of production functions, we conceptualize the mind as a cognitive economy, where a task’s complexity is determined by its composition of cognitive operations. Complexity...
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Gabaix, Xavier, and Thomas Graeber. "The Complexity of Economic Decisions." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-049, February 2024.
- June 2023
- Case
Investing in the Climate Transition at Neuberger Berman
By: George Serafeim and Benjamin Maletta
By mid-2023, Neuberger Berman (NB), an active asset manager, had grown its assets under management to about half a trillion dollars and took pride in its client centricity and innovative spirit. Responding to client demand for investment products that integrated...
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Keywords:
Carbon Emissions;
Sustainability;
Decarbonization;
Performance;
Risk Assessment;
Opportunities;
Environmental Sustainability;
Carbon Footprint;
Business Analysis;
Investing;
Regulation;
Asset Management;
Investment Strategy;
Climate Change;
Transition;
Analysis;
Product Positioning;
Strategy;
Investment Portfolio;
Financial Services Industry;
Energy Industry
- 2023
- Working Paper
Design-Based Confidence Sequences: A General Approach to Risk Mitigation in Online Experimentation
By: Dae Woong Ham, Michael Lindon, Martin Tingley and Iavor Bojinov
Randomized experiments have become the standard method for companies to evaluate the performance of new products or services. In addition to augmenting managers’ decision-making, experimentation mitigates risk by limiting the proportion of customers exposed to...
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Keywords:
Performance Evaluation;
Research and Development;
Analytics and Data Science;
Consumer Behavior
Ham, Dae Woong, Michael Lindon, Martin Tingley, and Iavor Bojinov. "Design-Based Confidence Sequences: A General Approach to Risk Mitigation in Online Experimentation." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-070, May 2023.
- June 2023
- Article
The Effect of Firms' Information Exposure on Safeguarding Employee Health: Evidence from COVID-19
By: Lisa Yao Liu and Shirley Lu
We show that information exposure through international business networks enables firms to take proactive measures that benefit employees and potentially the local community. Specifically, in the early days of COVID-19, firms that have business networks with China and...
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Keywords:
COVID-19 Pandemic;
Networks;
Knowledge Use and Leverage;
Health Pandemics;
Decision Choices and Conditions;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact
Liu, Lisa Yao, and Shirley Lu. "The Effect of Firms' Information Exposure on Safeguarding Employee Health: Evidence from COVID-19." Journal of Accounting Research 61, no. 3 (June 2023): 891–933.
- 2023
- Working Paper
Culture as a Signal: Evidence from a Natural Field Experiment
By: Wei Cai, Dennis Campbell and Jiehang Yu
The importance of culture as an informal management control system is increasingly acknowledged in academia. While prior research mainly focuses on the value of culture on internal stakeholders (e.g., employees), we examine whether culture serves as a credible signal...
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Cai, Wei, Dennis Campbell, and Jiehang Yu. "Culture as a Signal: Evidence from a Natural Field Experiment." SSRN Working Paper Series, No. 4447603, May 2023.
- May 2023
- Article
Incentive Effects of Subjective Allocations of Rewards and Penalties
By: Wei Cai, Susanna Gallani and Jee-Eun Shin
We examine the incentive effects of subjectivity in allocating tournament-based rewards and punishments. We use data from a company where reward and punishment decisions are based on a combination of objective metrics and subjective performance assessments. Rankings...
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Keywords:
Subjectivity;
Tournament-based Incentives;
Rewards;
Penalties;
Expectancy Theory;
Employees;
Compensation and Benefits;
Management;
Decisions;
Performance;
Measurement and Metrics
Cai, Wei, Susanna Gallani, and Jee-Eun Shin. "Incentive Effects of Subjective Allocations of Rewards and Penalties." Management Science 69, no. 5 (May 2023): 3121–3139.
- May–June 2023
- Article
Which Firms Gain from Digital Advertising? Evidence from a Field Experiment
By: Weijia Dai, Hyunjin Kim and Michael Luca
Measuring the returns of advertising opportunities continues to be a challenge for many
businesses. We design and run a field experiment in collaboration with Yelp across 18,294
firms in the restaurant industry to understand which types of businesses gain more from...
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Dai, Weijia, Hyunjin Kim, and Michael Luca. "Which Firms Gain from Digital Advertising? Evidence from a Field Experiment." Marketing Science 42, no. 3 (May–June 2023): 429–439.
- 2023
- Working Paper
The Limits of Algorithmic Measures of Race in Studies of Outcome Disparities
By: David S. Scharfstein and Sergey Chernenko
We show that the use of algorithms to predict race has significant limitations in measuring and understanding the sources of racial disparities in finance, economics, and other contexts. First, we derive theoretically the direction and magnitude of measurement bias in...
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Keywords:
Racial Disparity;
Paycheck Protection Program;
Measurement Error;
AI and Machine Learning;
Race;
Measurement and Metrics;
Equality and Inequality;
Prejudice and Bias;
Forecasting and Prediction;
Outcome or Result
Scharfstein, David S., and Sergey Chernenko. "The Limits of Algorithmic Measures of Race in Studies of Outcome Disparities." Working Paper, April 2023.
- March 2023
- Background Note
A Primer on OKRs
By: Suraj Srinivasan and Li-Kuan (Jason) Ni
The OKR framework is a popular goal-setting and strategy execution tool that uses goal setting through “Objectives” and measuring performance using “Key Results” on a periodic basis to measure and drive performance. The OKR framework has been adopted and practiced at...
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Keywords:
Business Organization;
Talent and Talent Management;
Framework;
Corporate Governance;
Goals and Objectives;
Growth and Development;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Growth Management;
Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques;
Management Practices and Processes;
Management Skills;
Management Systems;
Measurement and Metrics;
Outcome or Result;
Performance Effectiveness;
Performance Evaluation;
Performance Expectations;
Performance Productivity;
Performance Efficiency
Srinivasan, Suraj, and Li-Kuan (Jason) Ni. "A Primer on OKRs." Harvard Business School Background Note 123-081, March 2023.
- 2023
- Working Paper
A Welfare Analysis of Gambling in Video Games
By: Tomomichi Amano and Andrey Simonov
In 2020, gamers worldwide spent more than $15 billion on loot boxes, a lottery of virtual items built into video games. Loot boxes are contentious, as regulators worry that they constitute gambling. In contrast, video game companies maintain that loot boxes are...
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Keywords:
Consumer Behavior;
Policy;
Games, Gaming, and Gambling;
Product Design;
Video Game Industry
Amano, Tomomichi, and Andrey Simonov. "A Welfare Analysis of Gambling in Video Games." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-052, February 2023.
- 2023
- Working Paper
The Benefits of Revealing Race: Evidence from Minority-owned Local Businesses
By: Abhay Aneja, Michael Luca and Oren Reshef
Is there latent demand to support Black-owned businesses? To explore, we analyze a new feature
that made it easier to identify Black-owned restaurants on a large online platform. We find that
labeling restaurants as “Black-owned” increased customer engagement and...
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Keywords:
Black-owned Businesses;
Race;
Prejudice and Bias;
Ownership;
Knowledge Dissemination;
Digital Platforms;
Consumer Behavior;
Food and Beverage Industry
Aneja, Abhay, Michael Luca, and Oren Reshef. "The Benefits of Revealing Race: Evidence from Minority-owned Local Businesses." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-042, January 2023. (Revised September 2023.)
- 2023
- Article
Experimental Evaluation of Individualized Treatment Rules
By: Kosuke Imai and Michael Lingzhi Li
The increasing availability of individual-level data has led to numerous applications of individualized (or personalized) treatment rules (ITRs). Policy makers often wish to empirically evaluate ITRs and compare their relative performance before implementing them in a...
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Keywords:
Causal Inference;
Heterogeneous Treatment Effects;
Precision Medicine;
Uplift Modeling;
Analytics and Data Science;
AI and Machine Learning
Imai, Kosuke, and Michael Lingzhi Li. "Experimental Evaluation of Individualized Treatment Rules." Journal of the American Statistical Association 118, no. 541 (2023): 242–256.
- 2021
- Working Paper
The Contribution of High-Skilled Immigrants to Innovation in the United States
By: Shai Bernstein, Rebecca Diamond, Abhisit Jiranaphawiboon, Timothy McQuade and Beatriz Pousada
We characterize the contribution of immigrants to US innovation, both through their direct productivity as well as through their indirect spillover effects on their native collaborators. To do so, we link patent records to a database containing the first five digits of...
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Keywords:
Innovation;
Economic Growth;
Immigrants;
Innovation and Invention;
Collaborative Innovation and Invention;
Patents;
Innovation Strategy
Bernstein, Shai, Rebecca Diamond, Abhisit Jiranaphawiboon, Timothy McQuade, and Beatriz Pousada. "The Contribution of High-Skilled Immigrants to Innovation in the United States." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-065, December 2021. (NBER Working Paper Series, No. 30797, December 2022.)
- 2022
- Working Paper
What's My Employee Worth? The Effects of Salary Benchmarking
By: Zoë B. Cullen, Shengwu Li and Ricardo Perez-Truglia
While U.S. legislation prohibits employers from sharing information about their employees’
compensation with each other, companies are still allowed to acquire and use more aggregated
data provided by third parties. Most medium and large firms report using this type...
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Cullen, Zoë B., Shengwu Li, and Ricardo Perez-Truglia. "What's My Employee Worth? The Effects of Salary Benchmarking." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 30570, October 2022. (Under revision at the Review of Economic Studies.)
- September 2022
- Technical Note
Addressing Social Determinants of Health in the American Landscape
By: Susanna Gallani and Jacob Riegler
Social determinants of health (SDOH) have gained significant attention in recent years. A growing body of research shows that a person’s health is influenced by a large number of non-genetic factors, most of which operate outside the realm of health care and are...
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Keywords:
Socioeconomic Determinants Of Health;
Social Determinants Of Health;
Population Health;
Health;
Health Care and Treatment;
Social Issues;
Health Industry;
Insurance Industry;
Medical Devices and Supplies Industry;
United States
Gallani, Susanna, and Jacob Riegler. "Addressing Social Determinants of Health in the American Landscape." Harvard Business School Technical Note 123-023, September 2022.