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- Faculty Publications (67)
- 2018
- Working Paper
How Scheduling Can Bias Quality Assessment: Evidence from Food Safety Inspections
By: Maria Ibanez and Michael W. Toffel
Many production processes are subject to inspection to ensure they meet quality, safety, and environmental standards imposed by companies and regulators. Inspection accuracy is critical to inspections being a useful input to assessing risks, allocating quality...
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Keywords:
Assessment;
Bias;
Inspection;
Scheduling;
Econometric Analysis;
Empirical Research;
Regulation;
Health;
Food;
Safety;
Quality;
Performance Consistency;
Performance Evaluation;
Food and Beverage Industry;
Service Industry
Ibanez, Maria, and Michael W. Toffel. "How Scheduling Can Bias Quality Assessment: Evidence from Food Safety Inspections." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 17-090, April 2017. (Revised October 2018. Formerly titled "Assessing the Quality of Quality Assessment: The Role of Scheduling". Featured in Forbes, Food Safety Magazine, and Food Safety News.)
- October 2016
- Case
Addicaid: Scaling a Digital Platform for Addiction Wellness and Recovery
By: Robert S. Huckman and Sarah Mehta
In 2013, Sam Frons founded Addicaid—a mobile application (app) that allowed people in addiction recovery to track their progress, check in with counselors, and connect with others in recovery programs. The app was grounded in cognitive behavioral therapy and used the...
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Keywords:
Digital Health Interventions;
Substance Use Disorder;
Addiction Treatment;
Addiction Recovery;
Scale;
Innovation;
Health;
Health Disorders;
Health Industry;
New York (city, NY)
Huckman, Robert S., and Sarah Mehta. "Addicaid: Scaling a Digital Platform for Addiction Wellness and Recovery." Harvard Business School Case 617-018, October 2016.
- 2016
- Working Paper
Pros vs Joes: Agent Pricing Behavior in the Sharing Economy
By: Jun Li, Antonio Moreno and Dennis J. Zhang
One of the major differences between markets that follow a “sharing economy” paradigm and traditional two-sided markets is that the supply side in the sharing economy often includes individual nonprofessional decision makers, in addition to firms and professional...
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Keywords:
Two-sided Market;
Sharing Economy;
Behavioral Economics;
Revenue Management;
Hospitality;
Two-Sided Platforms;
Price;
Behavior;
Experience and Expertise
Li, Jun, Antonio Moreno, and Dennis J. Zhang. "Pros vs Joes: Agent Pricing Behavior in the Sharing Economy." Michigan Ross School of Business Working Paper, No. 1298, August 2016.
- Article
The Radical Flank Effect and Cross-occupational Collaboration for Technology Development during a Power Shift
By: Emily Truelove and Katherine C. Kellogg
This 12-month ethnographic study of an early entrant into the U.S. car-sharing industry demonstrates that when an organization shifts its focus from developing radical new technology to incrementally improving this technology, the shift may spark an internal power...
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Keywords:
Groups and Teams;
Conflict and Resolution;
Power and Influence;
Perception;
Behavior;
Collaborative Innovation and Invention
Truelove, Emily, and Katherine C. Kellogg. "The Radical Flank Effect and Cross-occupational Collaboration for Technology Development during a Power Shift." Administrative Science Quarterly 61, no. 4 (December 2016): 662–701.
- 2020
- Working Paper
Social Networks, Ethnicity, and Entrepreneurship
By: William R. Kerr and Martin Mandorff
We study the relationship between ethnicity, occupational choice, and entrepreneurship. Immigrant groups in the United States cluster in specific business sectors. For example, Koreans are 34 times more concentrated in self-employment for dry cleaning than other...
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Keywords:
Self-employed;
Occupation;
Entrepreneurship;
Social Entrepreneurship;
Industry Clusters;
Ethnicity;
Immigration;
Networks;
United States
Kerr, William R., and Martin Mandorff. "Social Networks, Ethnicity, and Entrepreneurship." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 16-042, October 2015. (Revised November 2020. NBER Working Paper Series, No. 21597, September 2015)
- July 2015
- Article
Skilled Immigration and the Employment Structures of U.S. Firms
By: Sari Pekkala Kerr, William R. Kerr and William F. Lincoln
We study the impact of skilled immigrants on the employment structures of U.S. firms using matched employer-employee data. Unlike most previous work, we use the firm as the lens of analysis to account for a greater level of heterogeneity and the fact that many skilled...
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Keywords:
Firms;
Scientists;
Engineers;
Inventors;
H-1B;
Age;
Employment;
Immigration;
United States
Kerr, Sari Pekkala, William R. Kerr, and William F. Lincoln. "Skilled Immigration and the Employment Structures of U.S. Firms." Journal of Labor Economics 33, no. S1 (July 2015): S147–S186.
- September 2014
- Article
OSHA Inspections Should Be Welcome: Results from a Natural Field Experiment in California
By: David I. Levine and Michael W. Toffel
For companies with strong internal occupational safety and health auditing programs, OSHA inspections might seem a formality that risk uncovering, at most, nitpicky deviations from the thousands of pages of safety regulations. For those with poor safety practices, OSHA...
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Keywords:
Business and Government Relations;
Operations;
Safety;
Governance Compliance;
United States;
California
Levine, David I., and Michael W. Toffel. "OSHA Inspections Should Be Welcome: Results from a Natural Field Experiment in California." The Compass (Newsletter of the American Society of Safety Engineers) 14, no. 1 (September 2014): 4.
- October 2013
- Article
With a Little Help from My (Random) Friends: Success and Failure in Post-Business School Entrepreneurship
By: Josh Lerner and Ulrike Malmendier
To what extent do peers affect our occupational choices? This question has been of particular interest in the context of entrepreneurship and policies to create a favorable environment for entry. Such influences, however, are hard to identify empirically. We exploit...
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Lerner, Josh, and Ulrike Malmendier. "With a Little Help from My (Random) Friends: Success and Failure in Post-Business School Entrepreneurship." Review of Financial Studies 26, no. 10 (October 2013): 2411–2452. (Earlier versions distributed as National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 16918 and Harvard Business School Working Paper No. 11-108.)
- June 2013 (Revised August 2020)
- Case
Rawabi
By: Arthur I. Segel, Sarika Agrawal, Nimrod Brandt, Daniel Kuhagen, Thomas Reithinger and Margot Eiran
Bashar Masri is developing the first new stand-alone Palestinian city 25 kilometers north of Jerusalem and 9 kilometers north of Ramallah in the West Bank on 6300 dunams (1556 acres) for 40,000 people with financial support from the Qatari investment authority and...
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- May–June 2013
- Article
Can Global Brands Create Just Supply Chains? Response: Promoting Political Mobilization
By: Jodi L. Short and Michael W. Toffel
Codes of conduct indicate that working conditions are improving overall at the factories being monitored by multinational corporations, and that these codes of conduct also create possibilities for political mobilization that can improve labor conditions more broadly.
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Keywords:
Regulation;
Auditing;
Labor Relations;
Occupational Safety;
Environmental Operations;
Environmental Regulation;
Employees;
Labor;
Labor and Management Relations;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Manufacturing Industry;
China;
Bangladesh;
India;
Honduras;
Nicaragua;
Pakistan;
Guatemala;
Malaysia;
Viet Nam
Short, Jodi L., and Michael W. Toffel. "Can Global Brands Create Just Supply Chains? Response: Promoting Political Mobilization." Boston Review 38, no. 3 (May–June 2013).
- 27 Jun 2012 - 29 Jun 2012
- Keynote Speech
An Organizational Approach to Undoing Gender: Lessons From Men in a Macho Occupation
By: R. Ely
- May 18, 2012
- Article
Randomized Government Safety Inspections Reduce Worker Injuries with No Detectable Job Loss
By: David I Levine, Michael W. Toffel and Matthew S. Johnson
Controversy surrounds occupational health and safety regulators, with some observers claiming that workplace regulations damage firms' competitiveness and destroy jobs and others arguing that they make workplaces safer at little cost to employers and employees. We...
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Keywords:
Regulation;
Occupational Safety;
Evaluation;
Regression;
Matching;
Difference In Differences;
Safety;
Health;
Working Conditions;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Competitive Advantage;
Performance;
Manufacturing Industry;
California
Levine, David I., Michael W. Toffel, and Matthew S. Johnson. "Randomized Government Safety Inspections Reduce Worker Injuries with No Detectable Job Loss." Science 336, no. 6083 (May 18, 2012): 907–911. (Online supplement (appendix). Featured in an article by the head of US OSHA, and in U.S. News & World Report and many other news outlets. Basis of U.S. Congressional testimony on promoting safe workplaces.)
- 2011
- Working Paper
Organizations in the Shadow of Communities
By: Siobhan O'Mahony and Karim R. Lakhani
The concept of a community form is drawn upon in many subfields of organizational theory. Although there is not much convergence on a level of analysis, there is convergence on a mode of action that is increasingly relevant to a knowledge-based economy marked by porous...
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Keywords:
Knowledge Sharing;
Organizational Culture;
Civil Society or Community;
Boundaries;
Information Technology;
Theory;
Value Creation
O'Mahony, Siobhan, and Karim R. Lakhani. "Organizations in the Shadow of Communities." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 11-131, June 2011.
- 2010
- Chapter
Cost Structure Patterns in the Asset Management Industry
By: Dennis Campbell and Frances X. Frei
This chapter examines patterns in the cost structure of asset management firms and establishes two important trends in cost behavior. First, when revenues are growing, "indirect" costs related to sales, distribution, marketing, personnel, technology, and occupancy are...
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- Article
Local Industrial Conditions and Entrepreneurship: How Much of the Spatial Distribution Can We Explain?
By: Edward L. Glaeser and William R. Kerr
Why are some places more entrepreneurial than others? We use Census Bureau data to study local determinants of manufacturing startups across cities and industries. Demographics have limited explanatory power. Overall levels of local customers and suppliers are only...
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Keywords:
Business Startups;
Entrepreneurship;
Geographic Location;
Employment;
Market Entry and Exit;
Supply Chain;
Manufacturing Industry
Glaeser, Edward L., and William R. Kerr. "Local Industrial Conditions and Entrepreneurship: How Much of the Spatial Distribution Can We Explain?" Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 18, no. 3 (Fall 2009): 623–663.
- March 2009 (Revised September 2010)
- Case
Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center: Spine Care
By: Robert S. Huckman, Michael E. Porter, Rachel Gordon and Natalie Kindred
Describes the Spine Center at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, a multidisciplinary unit that offers patients suffering from spinal problems "one-stop" access to a range of providers including orthopedic surgeons, neurosurgeons, neurologists, medical specialists in...
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Keywords:
Health Care and Treatment;
Medical Specialties;
Service Delivery;
Service Operations;
Integration;
Value Creation;
Health Industry;
United States
Huckman, Robert S., Michael E. Porter, Rachel Gordon, and Natalie Kindred. "Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center: Spine Care." Harvard Business School Case 609-016, March 2009. (Revised September 2010.)
- October 2008
- Article
It's Time to Make Management a True Profession
By: Nitin Nohria and Rakesh Khurana
In the face of the recent institutional breakdown of trust in business, managers are losing legitimacy. To regain public trust, management needs to become a true profession in much the way medicine and law have, argue Khurana and Nohria of Harvard Business School. True...
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Keywords:
Competency and Skills;
Education;
Ethics;
Corporate Accountability;
Management;
Trust;
Value Creation
Nohria, Nitin, and Rakesh Khurana. "It's Time to Make Management a True Profession." Harvard Business Review 86, no. 10 (October 2008).
- 2008
- Working Paper
Extending Producer Responsibility: An Evaluation Framework for Product Take-Back Policies
By: Michael W. Toffel, Antoinette Stein and Katharine Lee
Manufacturers are increasingly being required to adhere to product take-back regulations that require them to manage their products at the end of life. Such regulations seek to internalize products' entire life cycle costs into market prices, with the ultimate...
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Toffel, Michael W., Antoinette Stein, and Katharine Lee. "Extending Producer Responsibility: An Evaluation Framework for Product Take-Back Policies." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 09-026, July 2008. (September 2008.)
- 2008
- Working Paper
A Replication Study of Alan Blinder's 'How Many U.S. Jobs Might Be Offshorable?'
By: Troy Smith and Jan W. Rivkin
In a 2007 working paper, Alan Blinder assessed the "offshorability" of hundreds of U.S. occupations and estimated that between 22% and 29% of all U.S. jobs were potentially offshorable. This note reports the results of an exercise in which members of Harvard Business...
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Smith, Troy, and Jan W. Rivkin. "A Replication Study of Alan Blinder's 'How Many U.S. Jobs Might Be Offshorable?'." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 08-104, June 2008.
- December 2003 (Revised March 2005)
- Background Note
Who is a Professional?
By: Ashish Nanda
Many occupations lay claim to professional status. Business executives, social workers, musicians, sportsmen, and academics describe their occupations as "professions". Office assistants call themselves "administrative professionals". Obviously, not all occupations...
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Nanda, Ashish. "Who is a Professional?" Harvard Business School Background Note 904-047, December 2003. (Revised March 2005.)