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Publications

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    • All HBS Web  (647)
      • Faculty Publications  (104)

      Operational Disruptions Remove Operational Disruptions →

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      • February 2022
      • Case

      Lilium: Preparing for Takeoff

      By: Navid Mojir, Vincent Dessain, Mette Fuglsang Hjortshoej and Emer Moloney
      Lilium is a German company focused on developing electric vertical takeoff and landing vehicles (eVTOLs) that can be used to offer air taxi services. The company went public in September 2021 through a special purpose acquisition company (SPAC) deal, raising more than...  View Details
      Keywords: SPACs; Business Model; Forecasting and Prediction; Green Technology; Capital Markets; Venture Capital; Initial Public Offering; Rural Scope; Urban Scope; City; Disruptive Innovation; Growth and Development Strategy; Technological Innovation; Demand and Consumers; Market Timing; Industry Growth; Infrastructure; Logistics; Product Design; Product Development; Production; Service Delivery; Service Operations; Strategic Planning; Partners and Partnerships; Risk and Uncertainty; Urban Development; Sustainable Cities; Business Strategy; Competitive Strategy; Competitive Advantage; Air Transportation; Aerospace Industry; Air Transportation Industry; Green Technology Industry; Transportation Industry; Travel Industry; Germany; Munich; Brazil; United States; Florida
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      Mojir, Navid, Vincent Dessain, Mette Fuglsang Hjortshoej, and Emer Moloney. "Lilium: Preparing for Takeoff." Harvard Business School Case 522-084, February 2022.
      • January–February 2022
      • Article

      Operational Disruptions, Firm Risk, and Control Systems

      By: William Schmidt and Ananth Raman
      Operational disruptions can impact a firm's risk, which manifests in a host of operational issues, including a higher holding cost for inventory, a higher financing cost for capacity expansion, and a higher perception of the firm's risk among its supply chain partners....  View Details
      Keywords: Operational Risk; Operational Disruptions; Information Asymmetry; Control Systems; Operations; Disruption; Risk Management
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      Schmidt, William, and Ananth Raman. "Operational Disruptions, Firm Risk, and Control Systems." Manufacturing & Service Operations Management 24, no. 1 (January–February 2022): 411–429.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      What Can Stockouts Tell Us About Inflation? Evidence from Online Micro Data

      By: Alberto Cavallo and Oleksiy Kryvtsov
      We use a detailed micro dataset on product availability to construct a direct high-frequency measure of consumer product shortages during the 2020–2022 pandemic. We document a widespread multi-fold rise in shortages in nearly all sectors early in the pandemic. Over...  View Details
      Keywords: Prices; Stockouts; Inventories; Supply Disruptions; COVID-19 Pandemic; Macroeconomics; Inflation and Deflation; Supply Chain; Disruption; Health Pandemics; Consumer Products Industry; United States; China; Canada; France; Germany; Japan; Spain
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      Cavallo, Alberto, and Oleksiy Kryvtsov. "What Can Stockouts Tell Us About Inflation? Evidence from Online Micro Data." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 29209, September 2021.
      • May 24, 2021
      • Article

      What Makes an Online Marketplace Disruptive?

      By: Clifford Maxwell and Scott Duke Kominers
      Platforms like Airbnb, eBay, and Angie’s List have changed how markets work. But while many are innovative and make life easier for consumers, which are truly disruptive? Hewing to Clay Christensen’s theory of disruption, platforms—which operate as online...  View Details
      Keywords: Digital Platforms; Disruption; Framework
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      Maxwell, Clifford, and Scott Duke Kominers. "What Makes an Online Marketplace Disruptive?" Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (May 24, 2021).
      • May 2021
      • Supplement

      Hello Alfred: Come Home Happy — Operating the Business Model Exercise, Instructor Version

      By: Joseph B. Fuller and Christopher Payton
      On a mission to "automate the on-demand economy," Harvard Business School classmates Marcela Sapone and Jessica Beck launched Hello Alfred in 2013 to provide subscribers with an "Alfred" to complete various chores for a monthly fee. In early 2016, the company has built...  View Details
      Keywords: Growth and Development Strategy; Internet and the Web; Business Startups; Service Operations; Mobile and Wireless Technology; Service Industry; New York (city, NY); Boston
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      Fuller, Joseph B., and Christopher Payton. "Hello Alfred: Come Home Happy — Operating the Business Model Exercise, Instructor Version." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 321-707, May 2021.
      • April 2021
      • Background Note

      HEAD vs. LEAD: Disruptions Originating at the High- vs. Low-End of the Market

      By: Elie Ofek, Olivier Toubia and Didier Toubia
      Twenty five years after it was initially proposed, Clay Christensen’s theory of disruptive innovation continues to be a major reference for entrepreneurs, corporate innovators, and investors. However, the term “disruptive innovation” is often used in ways and contexts...  View Details
      Keywords: Market Entry; New Product Management; Targeting; Disruptive Innovation; Market Entry and Exit; Entrepreneurship; Product; Management; Innovation Strategy; Technology
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      Ofek, Elie, Olivier Toubia, and Didier Toubia. "HEAD vs. LEAD: Disruptions Originating at the High- vs. Low-End of the Market." Harvard Business School Background Note 521-104, April 2021.
      • March 2021
      • Background Note

      The Pandemic's Impact on the U.S. Food System

      By: José B. Alvarez and Natalie Kindred
      This note is intended not as a comprehensive account but as a starting point for discussion about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the U.S. food system. Written in late 2020, the note describes, in part through the voices of industry leaders, how the pandemic...  View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic; Agribusiness; Risk and Uncertainty; Risk Management; Leadership; Change Management; Safety; Health; Health Pandemics; Disruption; Adaptation; Supply Chain; Supply Chain Management; Retail Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Transportation Industry; United States
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      Alvarez, José B., and Natalie Kindred. "The Pandemic's Impact on the U.S. Food System." Harvard Business School Background Note 521-065, March 2021.
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Accounting for Product Impact in the Water Utilities Industry

      By: George Serafeim and Katie Trinh
      We apply the product impact measurement framework of the Impact-Weighted Accounts Initiative (IWAI) in two competitor companies within the water utilities industry. We design a monetization methodology that allows us to calculate monetary impact estimates of water...  View Details
      Keywords: Product Innovation; Impact; Impact Investing; Impact Measurement; ESG; ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) Performance; ESG Ratings; Social Corporate Responsibility; Corporate Social Responsibility; Social Impact; Water; Utilities; Product Design; Product Positioning; Society; Product; Environmental Sustainability; Measurement and Metrics; Framework; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Utilities Industry
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      Serafeim, George, and Katie Trinh. "Accounting for Product Impact in the Water Utilities Industry." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-104, March 2021.
      • March 2021 (Revised October 2021)
      • Case

      Aligning Mission and Margin at Southern Bancorp

      By: Rebecca M. Henderson, Brian Trelstad and Eren Kuzucu
      In October 2020, after spending almost a decade to turnaround Southern Bancorp, an Arkansan bank founded with the mission to provide financial services to rural, underserved communities, CEO Darrin Williams is wondering how Southern Bancorp should continue to grow....  View Details
      Keywords: Racial Wealth Gap; Banks and Banking; Growth and Development; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Mission and Purpose; Going Public; Investment Return; Social Issues; Wealth and Poverty; Banking Industry; Financial Services Industry; United States; Arkansas
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      Henderson, Rebecca M., Brian Trelstad, and Eren Kuzucu. "Aligning Mission and Margin at Southern Bancorp." Harvard Business School Case 321-099, March 2021. (Revised October 2021.)
      • March 2021 (Revised July 2021)
      • Case

      Resident

      By: Jeffrey F. Rayport and Thomas O. Jones
      Launched in 2016, Resident was a leading player in the direct-to-consumer bed-in-a-box mattress market, where it was one of at least 175 venture-backed companies competing in the space. By late 2020, it had realized over $500 million in revenue, profitability in the...  View Details
      Keywords: Digital Marketing; Business Growth and Maturation; Operations; Entrepreneurship; Competitive Strategy; Initial Public Offering; Decisions; Marketing Strategy; Cash Flow; Demand and Consumers
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      Rayport, Jeffrey F., and Thomas O. Jones. "Resident." Harvard Business School Case 821-090, March 2021. (Revised July 2021.)
      • March 2021
      • Supplement

      Snapp: Scaling Under Sanctions in Iran (B)

      By: Meg Rithmire and Gamze Yucaoglu
      The case opens in November 2020 as Eyad Alkassar and Mahmoud Fouz, co-founders of Iran’s first and leading ride-hailing platform, Snapp, eagerly await the results of the U.S. presidential elections.
      The case takes us through the challenging times between...  View Details
      Keywords: Sanctions; Change Management; Disruption; Volatility; Decision Choices and Conditions; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Government and Politics; International Relations; National Security; Crisis Management; Risk Management; Health Pandemics; Transportation Industry; Middle East; Iran
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      Rithmire, Meg, and Gamze Yucaoglu. "Snapp: Scaling Under Sanctions in Iran (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 721-036, March 2021.
      • 2022
      • Article

      Gender Inequality in Research Productivity During the COVID-19 Pandemic

      By: Ruomeng Cui, Hao Ding and Feng Zhu
      We study the disproportionate impact of the lockdown as a result of the COVID-19 outbreak on female and male academics' research productivity in social science. The lockdown has caused substantial disruptions to academic activities, requiring people to work from home....  View Details
      Keywords: Gender Inequality; Research Productivity; Telecommuting; COVID-19 Pandemic; Research; Performance Productivity; Gender; Equality and Inequality; Health Pandemics
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      Cui, Ruomeng, Hao Ding, and Feng Zhu. "Gender Inequality in Research Productivity During the COVID-19 Pandemic." Manufacturing & Service Operations Management 24, no. 2 (March–April 2022): 707–726.
      • 2021
      • Book

      Remote Work Revolution: Succeeding from Anywhere

      By: Tsedal Neeley
      The rapid and unprecedented changes brought on by COVID-19 have accelerated the transition to remote working, requiring the wholesale migration of nearly entire companies to virtual work in just weeks, leaving managers and employees scrambling to adjust. This massive...  View Details
      Keywords: Remote Work; Health Pandemics; Employment; Disruption; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Management
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      Neeley, Tsedal. Remote Work Revolution: Succeeding from Anywhere. New York: Harper Business, 2021.
      • February 2021
      • Case

      Drizly: Managing Supply and Demand through Disruption

      By: Kris Ferreira
      It was April 6th, 2020, and the management team at Drizly—an online alcohol marketplace where consumers could browse and purchase alcohol from local liquor retail stores via Drizly’s app for immediate home delivery—were thrilled to see record-breaking sales from the...  View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic; Demand and Consumers; Growth and Development; Customer Focus and Relationships; Customer Value and Value Chain; Customer Satisfaction; Goals and Objectives; Supply Chain Management
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      Ferreira, Kris. "Drizly: Managing Supply and Demand through Disruption." Harvard Business School Case 621-097, February 2021.
      • February 2021 (Revised March 2022)
      • Case

      TikTok in 2020: Super App or Supernova?

      By: Jeffrey F. Rayport, Dan Maher and Dan O'Brien
      TikTok’s parent company, ByteDance, was launched in 2012 around a simple idea – helping users entertain themselves on their smartphones while on the Beijing Subway. In less than a decade, it had become one of the world’s most valuable private companies, with investors...  View Details
      Keywords: Business Model; Business Startups; Business Organization; Change Management; Disruption; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Global Strategy; Health Pandemics; Innovation Strategy; Growth and Development Strategy; Growth Management; Brands and Branding; Marketing Strategy; Marketing Channels; Network Effects; Digital Platforms; Product Design; Product Development; Partners and Partnerships; Opportunities; Social Issues; Mobile and Wireless Technology; Internet and the Web; Value Creation; United States; China
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      Rayport, Jeffrey F., Dan Maher, and Dan O'Brien. "TikTok in 2020: Super App or Supernova?" Harvard Business School Case 821-087, February 2021. (Revised March 2022.)
      • January 2021 (Revised March 2022)
      • Case

      Snapp: Scaling Under Sanctions in Iran (A)

      By: Meg Rithmire and Gamze Yucaoglu
      The case opens in November 2019 as Eyad Alkassar and Mahmoud Fouz, co-founders of Iran’s first and leading ride-hailing platform, Snapp, find out about Apple’s and Google’s decisions to remove all Iranian apps from their respective application stores.
      The case...  View Details
      Keywords: Sanctions; Change Management; Disruption; Volatility; Decision Choices and Conditions; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Government and Politics; International Relations; National Security; Risk Management; Crisis Management; Transportation Industry; Iran; Middle East
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      Rithmire, Meg, and Gamze Yucaoglu. "Snapp: Scaling Under Sanctions in Iran (A)." Harvard Business School Case 721-020, January 2021. (Revised March 2022.)
      • January 2021 (Revised April 2022)
      • Case

      Best Buy's Corie Barry: Confronting the COVID-19 Pandemic

      By: William W. George and Amram Migdal
      This case examines the leadership of Corie Barry, the new CEO of Best Buy, with a focus on actions the company took in 2020 to adapt to the COVID-19 pandemic. The case includes a history of Best Buy’s strategy and leadership, including the transitions between the...  View Details
      Keywords: Change; Disruption; Volatility; Communication; Competency and Skills; Customers; Decision Making; Ethics; Fairness; Moral Sensibility; Values and Beliefs; Finance; Cash Flow; Financial Condition; Financial Liquidity; Goods and Commodities; Corporate Governance; Health Pandemics; Human Resources; Executive Compensation; Employees; Employee Relationship Management; Resignation and Termination; Retention; Selection and Staffing; Innovation and Invention; Jobs and Positions; Job Cuts and Outsourcing; Job Design and Levels; Job Interviews; Job Offer; Labor; Employment; Human Capital; Working Conditions; Law; Leadership; Leadership Development; Leadership Style; Management; Business or Company Management; Crisis Management; Growth and Development Strategy; Management Practices and Processes; Management Style; Management Succession; Management Systems; Management Teams; Risk Management; Operations; Distribution; Order Taking and Fulfillment; Logistics; Service Delivery; Service Operations; Supply Chain; Organizations; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Outcome or Result; Personal Development and Career; Retirement; Work-Life Balance; Planning; Strategic Planning; Problems and Challenges; Relationships; Business and Community Relations; Labor and Management Relations; Risk and Uncertainty; Safety; Science; Strategy; Retail Industry; North and Central America; United States; Minnesota
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      George, William W., and Amram Migdal. "Best Buy's Corie Barry: Confronting the COVID-19 Pandemic." Harvard Business School Case 321-073, January 2021. (Revised April 2022.)
      • January 2021 (Revised March 2022)
      • Case

      Arçelik: From a Dealer Network to an Omnichannel Experience

      By: Ayelet Israeli and Fares Khrais
      Arçelik Turkey, the country’s market leader in household appliances, was at an omnichannel crossroads in January 2020. Arçelik was a B2B player utilizing a dealership network with an umbrella of brands and had one of the largest brick-and-mortar store networks in...  View Details
      Keywords: Digital Marketing; Bricks And Mortar; Franchise Management; Franchising; Dealer Network; Dealers; B2B; B2B2C; Tradition; Culture Change; Cultural Adaptation; Omnichannel; Omnichannel Retail; Omni-channel; Omnichannel Retailing; Sales Channels; Sales Channel Development; Channel Management; Channels Of Distribution; Marketplace; Platforms; Collaboration; Online Channel; Online Data; Online Sales; Online Shopping; Online; Retail; Retailing; Disruption; Transformation; Franchise Ownership; Change Management; Partners and Partnerships; Consumer Behavior; Sales; Internet and the Web; Marketing Strategy; Conflict and Resolution; Conflict Management; Organizational Culture; Distribution Channels; Digital Transformation; Electronics Industry; Retail Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Turkey
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      Israeli, Ayelet, and Fares Khrais. "Arçelik: From a Dealer Network to an Omnichannel Experience." Harvard Business School Case 521-067, January 2021. (Revised March 2022.)
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      India's Food Supply Chain during the Pandemic

      By: Matt Lowe, G.V. Nadhanael and Benjamin N. Roth
      We document the impact of India’s COVID-19 lockdown on the food supply chain. Food arrivals in wholesale markets dropped by 69% in the three weeks following the lockdown and wholesale prices rose by 8%. Six weeks after the lockdown began, volumes and prices had fully...  View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19; Health Pandemics; Food; Supply Chain; India
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      Lowe, Matt, G.V. Nadhanael, and Benjamin N. Roth. "India's Food Supply Chain during the Pandemic." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-070, December 2020. (Revised July 2021. Forthcoming at Food Policy.)
      • December 2020 (Revised April 2021)
      • Case

      Arcos Dorados: A QSR Recovery Plan

      By: Forest Reinhardt, José B. Alvarez, Jenyfeer Martinez Buitrago and Mariana Cal
      Arcos Dorados—McDonald’s largest independent franchisee, covering Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC)—faced a pandemic that was disrupting the entire consumer foodservice business in 2020. With the exclusive right to own, operate, and sub-franchise McDonald’s...  View Details
      Keywords: Agribusiness; Animal-Based Agribusiness; Plant-Based Agribusiness; Customer Value and Value Chain; Income; Macroeconomics; Environmental Management; Environmental Sustainability; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Food; Health Pandemics; Crisis Management; Logistics; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Strategic Planning; Food and Beverage Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Retail Industry; Latin America; Aruba; Guadeloupe; Martinique; Mexico; Panama; Costa Rica; Argentina; Brazil; Chile; Colombia; Ecuador; French Guiana; Peru; Uruguay; Venezuela; Puerto Rico; Trinidad and Tobago
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      Reinhardt, Forest, José B. Alvarez, Jenyfeer Martinez Buitrago, and Mariana Cal. "Arcos Dorados: A QSR Recovery Plan." Harvard Business School Case 721-023, December 2020. (Revised April 2021.)
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