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    • All HBS Web  (884)
      • Faculty Publications  (144)

      Political Risk Remove Political Risk →

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      • March 2022 (Revised May 2022)
      • Case

      When Should CEOs Speak Out Publicly? The 2021 Georgia Voting Law

      By: William W. George, Hubert Joly and Amram Migdal
      This case describes the March 2021 passage of a voting and elections law in the U.S. state of Georgia and reactions by corporations and corporate leaders to the law. Included are a brief history of voting rights in the United States and Georgia and an overview of the...  View Details
      Keywords: Voting Rights; CEO Activism; Communication; Communication Intention and Meaning; Communication Strategy; Forms of Communication; Announcements; Spoken Communication; Decision Making; Judgments; Voting; Demographics; Nationality; Race; Geography; Geographic Location; Geopolitical Units; Country; Government and Politics; Government Administration; Government Legislation; Political Elections; History; Law; Laws and Statutes; Rights; Leadership; Leadership Style; Management; Management Skills; Relationships; Business and Community Relations; Business and Government Relations; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Social Psychology; Status and Position; Society; Civil Society or Community; Culture; Public Opinion; Social Issues; Societal Protocols; United States; Georgia (state, US)
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      George, William W., Hubert Joly, and Amram Migdal. "When Should CEOs Speak Out Publicly? The 2021 Georgia Voting Law." Harvard Business School Case 322-015, March 2022. (Revised May 2022.)
      • December 2021
      • Case

      Should I Stay or Should I Go? Assessing Risk in Carlos Ghosn's International Escape

      By: Eugene F. Soltes, Grace Liu and Muneeb Ahmed
      In 2018, automotive tycoon Carlos Ghosn was arrested in Japan on financial misreporting charges, followed later by charges of improper payments and misappropriation of funds. Over a year later, still awaiting trial, Ghosn organized his escape from house arrest in Tokyo...  View Details
      Keywords: Crime and Corruption; Decision Making; Cost vs Benefits; Decision Choices and Conditions; Ethics; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Law; Courts and Trials; Rights; Risk and Uncertainty; Auto Industry; Japan
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      Soltes, Eugene F., Grace Liu, and Muneeb Ahmed. "Should I Stay or Should I Go? Assessing Risk in Carlos Ghosn's International Escape." Harvard Business School Case 122-051, December 2021.
      • 2021
      • Chapter

      Multinationals' Need for State Protection: The Creation of the Swiss Investment Risk Guarantee in the 1960s

      By: Sabine Pitteloud
      This chapter focuses on the role of Industrie-Holding, the Federation of Swiss Industrial Multinational Companies, in the introduction of an investment risk guarantee during the 1960s. The chapter therefore contributes to a) the growing body of literature on how...  View Details
      Keywords: Investments; Multinational Companies; Political Risk; Business & Government Relations; Investment; Multinational Firms and Management; Risk and Uncertainty; Business and Government Relations; Switzerland
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      Pitteloud, Sabine. "Multinationals' Need for State Protection: The Creation of the Swiss Investment Risk Guarantee in the 1960s." In Security and Insecurity in Business History: Case Studies in the Perception and Negotiation of Threats, edited by Mark Jakob, Nina Kleinöder, and Christian Kleinschmidt, 111–134. Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 2021.
      • March 2021
      • Supplement

      Snapp: Scaling Under Sanctions in Iran (B)

      By: Meg Rithmire and Gamze Yucaoglu
      The case opens in November 2020 as Eyad Alkassar and Mahmoud Fouz, co-founders of Iran’s first and leading ride-hailing platform, Snapp, eagerly await the results of the U.S. presidential elections.
      The case takes us through the challenging times between...  View Details
      Keywords: Sanctions; Change Management; Disruption; Volatility; Decision Choices and Conditions; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Government and Politics; International Relations; National Security; Crisis Management; Risk Management; Health Pandemics; Transportation Industry; Middle East; Iran
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      Rithmire, Meg, and Gamze Yucaoglu. "Snapp: Scaling Under Sanctions in Iran (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 721-036, March 2021.
      • January 2021 (Revised March 2022)
      • Case

      Snapp: Scaling Under Sanctions in Iran (A)

      By: Meg Rithmire and Gamze Yucaoglu
      The case opens in November 2019 as Eyad Alkassar and Mahmoud Fouz, co-founders of Iran’s first and leading ride-hailing platform, Snapp, find out about Apple’s and Google’s decisions to remove all Iranian apps from their respective application stores.
      The case...  View Details
      Keywords: Sanctions; Change Management; Disruption; Volatility; Decision Choices and Conditions; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Government and Politics; International Relations; National Security; Risk Management; Crisis Management; Transportation Industry; Iran; Middle East
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      Rithmire, Meg, and Gamze Yucaoglu. "Snapp: Scaling Under Sanctions in Iran (A)." Harvard Business School Case 721-020, January 2021. (Revised March 2022.)
      • January 2021 (Revised August 2021)
      • Case

      ByteDance: TikTok and the Trials of Going Viral

      By: William C. Kirby and John P. McHugh
      In 2020, TikTok became the most valuable start-up ever. The short-form, video-sharing social media platform emerged as the crown jewel of the Chinese technology firm ByteDance, realizing 850 million monthly users and an estimated worth of $180 billion. However, a...  View Details
      Keywords: China; Technology; Startup; Start-up; International Strategy; Global Strategy And Leadership; Innovation; Political Risk; Regulations; Trump; Foreign Policy; Foreign Investment; Chinese Internet Market; Global Strategy; Crisis Management; Risk and Uncertainty; Entrepreneurship; Globalized Economies and Regions; Government Legislation; Innovation and Management; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Internet and the Web; Social Media; Technology Industry; China; United States
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      Kirby, William C., and John P. McHugh. "ByteDance: TikTok and the Trials of Going Viral." Harvard Business School Case 321-110, January 2021. (Revised August 2021.)
      • June 18, 2020
      • Article

      What CEOs Still Haven't Said about Race and Policing

      By: Aaron K. Chatterji and Michael W. Toffel
      While many CEOs have spoken out to share their thoughts on race and police misconduct in America, they have yet to advocate for policy solutions for police reform, focusing instead on their own corporate and personal values. But lasting change must also involve ...  View Details
      Keywords: Activism; CEO; Political Issues; Political Leadership; Racial Tensions; Racism; Leadership; Race; Communication; Government and Politics; Law; Organizational Culture; United States
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      Chatterji, Aaron K., and Michael W. Toffel. "What CEOs Still Haven't Said about Race and Policing." Harvard Business Review (website) (June 18, 2020).
      • May 2020 (Revised March 2022)
      • Case

      The Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic and the Global Economy (A)

      By: Alberto Cavallo and Christian Godwin
      In April 2020, the world struggled to contain the exponential escalation of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Dozens of countries had imposed restrictions on travel, work, and social gatherings. A large share of the global population was under lockdowns and...  View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic; Demand and Consumers; Supply and Industry; Finance; Central Banking; Financial Markets; International Finance; Globalization; Government and Politics; Health Pandemics; Decision Making; Macroeconomics; Employment; Crisis Management; Supply Chain; Risk and Uncertainty; Air Transportation Industry; Banking Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Employment Industry; Financial Services Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; Health Industry; Medical Devices and Supplies Industry; Pharmaceutical Industry; Public Administration Industry; Retail Industry; Service Industry; Shipping Industry; Tourism Industry; Travel Industry; Asia; China; Europe; Latin America; Africa; United States
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      Cavallo, Alberto, and Christian Godwin. "The Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic and the Global Economy (A)." Harvard Business School Case 720-031, May 2020. (Revised March 2022.)
      • February 2020
      • Technical Note

      Talent Management and the Future of Work

      By: William R. Kerr and Gorick Ng
      The nature of work is changing—and it is changing rapidly. Few days go by without industry giants such as Amazon and AT&T announcing plans to invest billions of dollars towards retraining nearly half of their respective workforces for jobs of the future. What changes...  View Details
      Keywords: Human Resource Management; Human Capital Development; Human Resource Practices; Talent; Talent Acquisition; Talent Development; Talent Development And Retention; Talent Management; Talent Retention; Labor Flows; Labor Management; Labor Market; Strategy Development; Strategy Management; Strategy Execution; Strategy And Execution; Strategic Change; Transformations; Organization; Organization Alignment; Organization Design; Organizational Adaptation; Organizational Effectiveness; Management Challenges; Management Of Business And Political Risk; Change Leadership; Future Of Work; Future; Skills Gap; Skills Development; Skills; Offshoring And Outsourcing; Investment; Capital Allocation; Work; Work Culture; Work Force Management; Work/life Balance; Work/family Balance; Work-family Boundary Management; Workers; Worker Productivity; Worker Performance; Work Engagement; Work Environment; Work Environments; Productivity; Organization Culture; Soft Skills; Technology Management; Technological Change; Technological Change: Choices And Consequences; Technology Diffusion; Disruptive Technology; Global Business; Global; Workplace; Workplace Context; Workplace Culture; Workplace Wellness; Collaboration; Competencies; Productivity Gains; Digital; Digital Transition; Competitive Dynamics; Competitiveness; Competitive Strategy; Data Analytics; Data; Data Management; Data Strategy; Data Protection; Aging Society; Diversity; Diversity Management; Millennials; Communication Complexity; Communication Technologies; International Business; Work Sharing; Global Competitiveness; Global Corporate Cultures; Intellectual Property; Intellectual Property Management; Intellectual Property Protection; Intellectual Capital And Property Issues; Globalization Of Supply Chain; Inequality; Recruiting; Hiring; Hiring Of Employees; Training; Job Cuts And Outsourcing; Job Performance; Job Search; Job Design; Job Satisfaction; Jobs; Employee Engagement; Employee Attitude; Employee Benefits; Employee Compensation; Employee Fairness; Employee Relationship Management; Employee Retention; Employee Selection; Employee Motivation; Employee Feedback; Employee Coordination; Employee Performance Management; Employee Socialization; Process Improvement; Application Performance Management; Stigma; Institutional Change; Candidates; Digital Enterprise; Cultural Adaptation; Cultural Change; Cultural Diversity; Cultural Context; Cultural Strategies; Cultural Psychology; Cultural Reform; Performance; Performance Effectiveness; Performance Management; Performance Evaluation; Performance Appraisal; Performance Feedback; Performance Measurement; Performance Metrics; Performance Measures; Performance Efficiency; Efficiency; Performance Analysis; Performance Appraisals; Performance Improvement; Automation; Artificial Intelligence; Technology Companies; Managerial Processes; Skilled Migration; Assessment; Human Resources; Management; Human Capital; Talent and Talent Management; Retention; Demographics; Labor; Strategy; Change; Change Management; Transformation; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Organizational Culture; Working Conditions; Information Technology; Technology Adoption; Disruption; Economy; Competition; Globalization; AI and Machine Learning; Digital Transformation
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      Kerr, William R., and Gorick Ng. "Talent Management and the Future of Work." Harvard Business School Technical Note 820-084, February 2020.
      • January 2020 (Revised March 2020)
      • Case

      Huawei: A Global Tech Giant in the Crossfire of a Digital Cold War

      By: William C. Kirby, Billy Chan and John P. McHugh
      By 2020, Ren Zhengfei, CEO of Huawei, had transformed the small telephone switch manufacturer he founded in 1987 into a $120 billion telecommunications company poised to lead the lucrative rollout of fifth-generation (5G) cellular networks. However, an emerging...  View Details
      Keywords: International Strategy; Government And Business; Digital Infrastructure; Political Risk; Information Technology; Infrastructure; Business and Government Relations; Government and Politics; Information Infrastructure; Technology Industry; China; United States
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      Kirby, William C., Billy Chan, and John P. McHugh. "Huawei: A Global Tech Giant in the Crossfire of a Digital Cold War." Harvard Business School Case 320-089, January 2020. (Revised March 2020.)
      • January 2020
      • Background Note

      Climate Change in 2020: Implications for Business

      By: Rebecca M. Henderson, Sophus A. Reinert and Mariana Oseguera
      This note provides general information about climate change and its implications for business. Included is an overview of climate change science and a number of its impacts, including rising sea levels, changing weather patterns and extreme weather, pressure on water...  View Details
      Keywords: Climate Change; Environmental Accounting; Agribusiness; Economic Growth; Energy Conservation; Energy Generation; Renewable Energy; Energy Sources; Non-Renewable Energy; Globalized Markets and Industries; National Security; Government Legislation; Operations; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Problems and Challenges; Risk and Uncertainty; Natural Disasters; Natural Environment; Environmental Sustainability; Pollutants; Science-Based Business; Weather; Society; Technology
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      Henderson, Rebecca M., Sophus A. Reinert, and Mariana Oseguera. "Climate Change in 2020: Implications for Business." Harvard Business School Background Note 320-087, January 2020. (Click here for a complimentary copy on the Business & Environment Initiative’s site.)
      • December 2019
      • Case

      CME Group in 2019

      By: José B. Alvarez, Forest Reinhardt and Natalie Kindred
      Chicago-based CME Group is the world’s largest futures and options marketplace, with annual trading volume of over 4.8 billion contracts in 2018. This case is set in late 2019, as heightened perceptions of risk stemming from the U.S.-China trade war are driving record...  View Details
      Keywords: Financial Markets; Risk Management; Futures and Commodity Futures; Trade; Price; Competition; Risk and Uncertainty; Competitive Strategy; United States; China; Brazil
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      Alvarez, José B., Forest Reinhardt, and Natalie Kindred. "CME Group in 2019." Harvard Business School Case 520-048, December 2019.
      • November 2019 (Revised June 2020)
      • Case

      Russia: A Drama In Three Acts

      By: Rawi Abdelal, Rafael Di Tella, Galit Goldstein and Sogomon Tarontsi
      The collapse of central authority in the Soviet Union in 1991 ushered in a period of revolutionary transformations for the states that emerged in its wake. The leaders of Russia, the USSR's successor, struggled to reestablish central authority while also seeking to...  View Details
      Keywords: Business & Government Relations; Developing Countries; Government Policy; Policy Change; Policy Making; Economic Systems; Economics; Globalization; Emerging Markets; Privatization; Non-Renewable Energy; Governance; Global Strategy; Corporate Governance; Policy; Business History; Lawfulness; Problems and Challenges; Business and Government Relations; Risk and Uncertainty; Strategy; Change Management; Russia; Moscow
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      Abdelal, Rawi, Rafael Di Tella, Galit Goldstein, and Sogomon Tarontsi. "Russia: A Drama In Three Acts." Harvard Business School Case 720-020, November 2019. (Revised June 2020.)
      • November 2019
      • Case

      Edita: Making Choices in Uncertain Times

      By: Caroline M. Elkins, Juan Alcácer, Alpana Thapar and Youssef Abdel Aal
      After 15 years of steady growth and expansion, Edita, a leading Egyptian snack producer, faced a series of challenges in the wake of the Arab Spring. In January 2011, the Egyptian Revolution sparked political and economic turmoil that reflected the waves of protest and...  View Details
      Keywords: Decision Making; Developing Countries and Economies; Economy; Business or Company Management; Price; Crisis Management; Growth and Development Strategy; Distribution; Risk and Uncertainty; Business Strategy; Expansion; Currency; Food and Beverage Industry; Egypt; Africa; Middle East
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      Elkins, Caroline M., Juan Alcácer, Alpana Thapar, and Youssef Abdel Aal. "Edita: Making Choices in Uncertain Times." Harvard Business School Case 320-026, November 2019.
      • September 2019 (Revised February 2022)
      • Case

      Glenn Defense Marine Asia (A)

      By: Susanna Gallani, Anja Anliker, Luke Hodges and Amram Migdal
      This case describes the growth of Glenn Defense Marine Asia (GDMA) under the leadership of Leonard Glenn Francis. GDMA provided ship husbanding and logistical support services to the United States Navy when Navy ships visited various ports in Southeast Asia. The case...  View Details
      Keywords: Business Ventures; Business Growth and Maturation; Crime and Corruption; Ethics; Fairness; Moral Sensibility; Values and Beliefs; Governance; Corporate Accountability; Governance Controls; Government and Politics; Law; Contracts; Lawfulness; Operations; Shipping Industry; Service Industry; Asia; Southeast Asia; Malaysia; Singapore
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      Gallani, Susanna, Anja Anliker, Luke Hodges, and Amram Migdal. "Glenn Defense Marine Asia (A)." Harvard Business School Case 120-036, September 2019. (Revised February 2022.)
      • September 2019 (Revised February 2022)
      • Supplement

      Glenn Defense Marine Asia (B)

      By: Susanna Gallani, Anja Anliker, Luke Hodges and Amram Migdal
      This case describes the growth of Glenn Defense Marine Asia (GDMA) under the leadership of Leonard Glenn Francis. GDMA provided ship husbanding and logistical support services to the United States Navy when Navy ships visited various ports in Southeast Asia. The case...  View Details
      Keywords: Business Ventures; Business Growth and Maturation; Crime and Corruption; Ethics; Fairness; Moral Sensibility; Values and Beliefs; Governance; Corporate Accountability; Governance Controls; Government and Politics; Law; Contracts; Lawfulness; Operations; Shipping Industry; Service Industry; Asia; Southeast Asia; Malaysia; Singapore
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      Gallani, Susanna, Anja Anliker, Luke Hodges, and Amram Migdal. "Glenn Defense Marine Asia (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 120-037, September 2019. (Revised February 2022.)
      • August 2019
      • Case

      The United States and Russia: Gas Rivals in Europe?

      By: Rawi Abdelal, Galit Goldstein and Paul Apostolicas
      Though the shale revolution transformed the U.S. into the largest producer of petroleum products, it was unclear how much success American exporters would find selling liquefied natural gas on the European energy market. Gazprom, the state-controlled Russian energy...  View Details
      Keywords: Gas Pipelines; Natural Gas; LNG; Strategic Analysis; Strategic Behavior; Energy Markets; Entrepreneurial Financing; Entrepreneurial Risk; Entrepreneurial Ventures; Entrepreneurial Selling; Energy; Energy Sources; Entrepreneurship; Market Entry and Exit; Marketing Strategy; Price; Energy Industry; Russia; United States; Europe; European Union
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      Abdelal, Rawi, Galit Goldstein, and Paul Apostolicas. "The United States and Russia: Gas Rivals in Europe?" Harvard Business School Case 720-006, August 2019.
      • June 2019
      • Article

      Fraud Allegations and Government Contracting

      By: Jonas Heese and Gerardo Pérez Cavazos
      This paper examines whether fraud allegations affect firms’ contracting with the government. Using a dataset of whistleblower allegations brought under the False Claims Act against firms accused of defrauding the government, we find that federal agencies do not reduce...  View Details
      Keywords: Whistleblower; Fraud Allegations; False Claims Act; Government Contracting; Risk Allocation; Government and Politics; Contracts; Crime and Corruption; Risk and Uncertainty; Business and Government Relations
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      Heese, Jonas, and Gerardo Pérez Cavazos. "Fraud Allegations and Government Contracting." Journal of Accounting Research 57, no. 3 (June 2019): 675–719.
      • June 2019
      • Article

      Social Risk, Fiscal Risk, and the Portfolio of Government Programs

      By: Samuel G. Hanson, David S. Scharfstein and Adi Sunderam
      We develop a model of government portfolio choice in which a benevolent government chooses the scale of risky projects in the presence of market failures and tax distortions. These two frictions generate motives to manage social risk and fiscal risk. Social risk...  View Details
      Keywords: Risk Management; Government and Politics; Programs
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      Hanson, Samuel G., David S. Scharfstein, and Adi Sunderam. "Social Risk, Fiscal Risk, and the Portfolio of Government Programs." Review of Financial Studies 32, no. 6 (June 2019): 2341–2382. (Internet Appendix Here.)
      • 2019
      • Chapter

      International Business and Emerging Markets in Historical Perspective

      By: Geoffrey Jones
      This chapter examines international business in emerging markets over the long run. It shows how the strategies of Western multinationals evolved over time. In the first era of globalization in the 19th century, Western firms sought access to resources, and they faced...  View Details
      Keywords: Emerging Markets; Business History; Multinational Firms and Management; Globalization
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      Jones, Geoffrey. "International Business and Emerging Markets in Historical Perspective." Chap. 3 in The Oxford Handbook of Management in Emerging Markets, edited by Robert Grosse and Klaus E. Meyer, 55–76. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2019.
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