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- Faculty Publications (220)
- 2023
- Working Paper
The Limits of Algorithmic Measures of Race in Studies of Outcome Disparities
By: David S. Scharfstein and Sergey Chernenko
We show that the use of algorithms to predict race has significant limitations in measuring and understanding the sources of racial disparities in finance, economics, and other contexts. First, we derive theoretically the direction and magnitude of measurement bias in...
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Keywords:
Racial Disparity;
Paycheck Protection Program;
Measurement Error;
AI and Machine Learning;
Race;
Measurement and Metrics;
Equality and Inequality;
Prejudice and Bias;
Forecasting and Prediction;
Outcome or Result
Scharfstein, David S., and Sergey Chernenko. "The Limits of Algorithmic Measures of Race in Studies of Outcome Disparities." Working Paper, April 2023.
- February 2023
- Teaching Note
Colette Phillips and GetKonnected: Creating Inclusive Ecosystems
By: Rosabeth M. Kanter and Ai-Ling Jamila Malone
Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 323-035.
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Keywords:
Diversity;
Ecosystem;
Inclusion;
People Of Color;
Network;
Racial Bias;
Gender Bias;
Entrepreneur;
Entrepreneurial Ecosystems;
Change;
Change Barriers;
Change Leadership;
Community;
Innovation;
Pandemic;
Impact;
Systemic Racism;
Minority-owned Businesses;
Social and Collaborative Networks;
Equity;
Race;
Small Business;
Prejudice and Bias;
Boston
- 2024
- Working Paper
Everyone Steps Back?: The Widespread Retraction of Crowd-Funding Support for Minority Creators When Migration Fear Is High
By: John (Jianqui) Bai, William R. Kerr, Chi Wan and Alptug Yorulmaz
We study racial biases on Kickstarter across multiple ethnic groups from 2009-2021. Scaling the concept of racially salient events, we quantify the close co-movement of minority funding gaps to inflamed political rhetoric surrounding migration. The racial funding gap...
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Bai, John (Jianqui), William R. Kerr, Chi Wan, and Alptug Yorulmaz. "Everyone Steps Back? The Widespread Retraction of Crowd-Funding Support for Minority Creators When Migration Fear Is High." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-046, January 2023. (Revised February 2024.)
- 2023
- Working Paper
The Benefits of Revealing Race: Evidence from Minority-owned Local Businesses
By: Abhay Aneja, Michael Luca and Oren Reshef
Is there latent demand to support Black-owned businesses? To explore, we analyze a new feature
that made it easier to identify Black-owned restaurants on a large online platform. We find that
labeling restaurants as “Black-owned” increased customer engagement and...
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Keywords:
Black-owned Businesses;
Race;
Prejudice and Bias;
Ownership;
Knowledge Dissemination;
Digital Platforms;
Consumer Behavior;
Food and Beverage Industry
Aneja, Abhay, Michael Luca, and Oren Reshef. "The Benefits of Revealing Race: Evidence from Minority-owned Local Businesses." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-042, January 2023. (Revised September 2023.)
- January 2023
- Article
Racial Diversity and Racial Policy Preferences: The Great Migration and Civil Rights
By: Alvaro Calderon, Vasiliki Fouka and Marco Tabellini
Between 1940 and 1970, more than 4 million African Americans moved from the South to the North of the United States, during the Second Great Migration. This same period witnessed the struggle and eventual success of the civil rights movement in ending institutionalized...
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Keywords:
Civil Rights;
Great Migration;
History;
Race;
Rights;
Prejudice and Bias;
Government Legislation
Calderon, Alvaro, Vasiliki Fouka, and Marco Tabellini. "Racial Diversity and Racial Policy Preferences: The Great Migration and Civil Rights." Review of Economic Studies 90, no. 1 (January 2023): 165–200. (Available also from VOX, Broadstreet, and VOX EU.)
- December 2022
- Article
Different Roots, Different Fruits: Gender-Based Differences in Cultural Narratives about Perceived Discrimination Produce Divergent Psychological Consequences
By: Leigh Plunkett Tost, Ashley E. Hardin and Francesca Gino
We examine whether narratives about, and the psychological consequences of, perceived gender discrimination differ between women and men. We argue that women and men have different dominant narratives about the reasons why people discriminate against people of their...
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Tost, Leigh Plunkett, Ashley E. Hardin, and Francesca Gino. "Different Roots, Different Fruits: Gender-Based Differences in Cultural Narratives about Perceived Discrimination Produce Divergent Psychological Consequences." Academy of Management Journal 65, no. 6 (December 2022): 1804–1834.
- 2022
- Working Paper
Politics at Work
By: Emanuele Colonnelli, Valdemar Pinho Neto and Edoardo Teso
We study how individual political views shape firm behavior and labor market outcomes. Using new micro-data on the political affiliation of business owners and private-sector workers in Brazil over the 2002–2019 period, we first document the presence of political...
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Colonnelli, Emanuele, Valdemar Pinho Neto, and Edoardo Teso. "Politics at Work." Working Paper, December 2022.
- November 2022
- Technical Note
Leader Action Orientations
By: Ryan Raffaelli, Akshaya Varghese and Laura Weimer
Leaders are responsible for planning and executing actions that advance organizational goals. As individuals gain career experience, they tend to develop and rely on implicit mental models that shape how they go about “getting things done.” Without knowing it, most...
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Keywords:
Leadership Development;
Prejudice and Bias;
Cognition and Thinking;
Decision Making;
Behavior
Raffaelli, Ryan, Akshaya Varghese, and Laura Weimer. "Leader Action Orientations." Harvard Business School Technical Note 423-050, November 2022.
- November 2022
- Article
Hate Crime Towards Minoritized Groups Increases as They Increase in Sized-Based Rank
By: Mina Cikara, Vasiliki Fouka and Marco Tabellini
People are on the move in unprecedented numbers within and between countries. How does demographic change affect local intergroup dynamics? In complement to accounts that emphasize stereotypical features of groups as determinants of their treatment, we propose the...
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Keywords:
Prejudice;
Minority;
Hate Crimes;
Reference Dependence;
Prejudice and Bias;
Attitudes;
Demographics
Cikara, Mina, Vasiliki Fouka, and Marco Tabellini. "Hate Crime Towards Minoritized Groups Increases as They Increase in Sized-Based Rank." Nature Human Behaviour 6, no. 11 (November 2022): 1537–1544. (Pre-Published online August 8, 2022, Featured in HBS Working Knowledge and ABC News.)
- October 2022
- Case
Colette Phillips and GetKonnected!: Creating Inclusive Ecosystems
By: Rosabeth Moss Kanter, Amy Chiu and Joyce Kim
Colette Phillips’ marketing firm had just won the City of Boston’s 2nd largest contract in history to a Black-owned company. During the Covid-19 pandemic, Get Konnected!, the networking organization for people of color that she founded 15 years earlier and led to...
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Keywords:
Diversity;
Ecosystem;
Inclusion;
People Of Color;
Network;
Racial Bias;
Gender Bias;
Entrepreneurial Ecosystem;
Entrepreneur;
Change;
Change Barriers;
Change Leadership;
Community;
Innovation;
Pandemic;
Impact;
Systemic Racism;
Minority-owned Businesses;
Social and Collaborative Networks;
Equity;
Race;
Small Business;
Prejudice and Bias;
Boston
Kanter, Rosabeth Moss, Amy Chiu, and Joyce Kim. "Colette Phillips and GetKonnected!: Creating Inclusive Ecosystems." Harvard Business School Case 323-035, October 2022.
- October 10, 2022
- Article
Ensuring Your Products Aren’t Used for Discrimination
By: Michael Luca, Elizaveta Pronkina and Michaelangelo Rossi
Discrimination is both a societal and a business issue. And, the extent to which discrimination is allowed to affect a company is a decision that is made by business leaders. Fortunately, there is a growing toolkit for leaders who want to create a more inclusive...
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Luca, Michael, Elizaveta Pronkina, and Michaelangelo Rossi. "Ensuring Your Products Aren’t Used for Discrimination." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (October 10, 2022).
- September 16, 2022
- Article
3 Workplace Biases that Derail Mid-Career Women
By: Colleen Ammerman and Boris Groysberg
Mid-career women are often surprised by the levels of bias and discrimination they encounter in the workplace, especially if they’ve successfully avoided it earlier in their careers. After speaking to 100 senior women executives, the authors identified three distinct...
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Ammerman, Colleen, and Boris Groysberg. "3 Workplace Biases that Derail Mid-Career Women." Harvard Business Review (website) (September 16, 2022).
- August 13, 2022
- Article
A Historic Opportunity for Universal Health Coverage in India
By: Vikram Patel, Shubhangi Bhadada, Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw, Arnab Mukherji, Tarun Khanna and Gagandeep Kang
The milestone of India's 75th anniversary of independence on Aug 15, 2022, offers an opportunity to reassert the country's commitment to realising universal health coverage (UHC). The first such effort predates independence, with the 1946 Bhore Committee report....
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Keywords:
Universal Health Coverage;
COVID-19 Pandemic;
Health Care and Treatment;
Gender;
Prejudice and Bias;
Health Industry;
India
Patel, Vikram, Shubhangi Bhadada, Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw, Arnab Mukherji, Tarun Khanna, and Gagandeep Kang. "A Historic Opportunity for Universal Health Coverage in India." Lancet 400, no. 10351 (August 13, 2022): 475–477.
- 2023
- Working Paper
Scapegoating and Discrimination in Times of Crisis: Evidence from Airbnb
By: Michael Luca, Elizaveta Pronkina and Michelangelo Rossi
We present evidence that discrimination against Asian-American Airbnb users sharply increased at the
start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a DiD approach, we find that hosts with distinctively Asian
names experienced a 20 percent decline in guests relative to hosts...
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Keywords:
Discrimination;
Behavioral Economics;
Market Design;
Health Pandemics;
Prejudice and Bias;
Digital Platforms;
Design
Luca, Michael, Elizaveta Pronkina, and Michelangelo Rossi. "Scapegoating and Discrimination in Times of Crisis: Evidence from Airbnb." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-012, August 2022. (Revised March 2023.)
- 2022
- Working Paper
The Impact of the Chinese Exclusion Act on the U.S. Economy
By: Joe Long, Carlo Medici, Nancy Qian and Marco Tabellini
This paper studies the impact of the Chinese Exclusion Act, which banned Chinese immigration to the United States after 1882, across U.S. counties between 1870 and 1940. We find that the Act reduced labor supply for both the Chinese and other groups (i.e., white and...
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Keywords:
Immigration;
Growth;
Productivity;
Business History;
Economic Slowdown and Stagnation;
Business and Government Relations;
Prejudice and Bias;
Government Legislation;
United States
Long, Joe, Carlo Medici, Nancy Qian, and Marco Tabellini. "The Impact of the Chinese Exclusion Act on the U.S. Economy." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-008, March 2022.
- August, 2022
- Article
Changing Ingroup Boundaries: The Effect of Immigration on Race Relations in the United States
By: Vasiliki Fouka and Marco Tabellini
How do social group boundaries evolve? Does the appearance of a new outgroup change the ingroup's perceptions of other outgroups? We introduce a conceptual framework of context-dependent categorization, in which exposure to one minority leads to recategorization of...
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Keywords:
In-group-out-group Relations;
Ingroup-outgroup Relations;
Immigration;
Race;
Relationships;
United States
Fouka, Vasiliki, and Marco Tabellini. "Changing Ingroup Boundaries: The Effect of Immigration on Race Relations in the United States." American Political Science Review 116, no. 3 (August, 2022): 968–984. (Featured in the Boston Globe, Washington Post, and HBS Working Knowledge.)
- 2022
- Article
Fairness via Explanation Quality: Evaluating Disparities in the Quality of Post hoc Explanations
By: Jessica Dai, Sohini Upadhyay, Ulrich Aivodji, Stephen Bach and Himabindu Lakkaraju
As post hoc explanation methods are increasingly being leveraged to explain complex models in high-stakes settings, it becomes critical to ensure that the quality of the resulting explanations is consistently high across all subgroups of a population. For instance, it...
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Dai, Jessica, Sohini Upadhyay, Ulrich Aivodji, Stephen Bach, and Himabindu Lakkaraju. "Fairness via Explanation Quality: Evaluating Disparities in the Quality of Post hoc Explanations." Proceedings of the AAAI/ACM Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Ethics, and Society (2022): 203–214.
- July 2022
- Case
A Soul and a Service: North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance
By: Tom Nicholas and John Masko
The North Carolina Mutual and Provident Association (the Mutual) was founded in 1898 as a for-profit entity selling life insurance catering to the Black community. The Mutual was entering a field crowded with established White-owned competitors that largely refused to...
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Keywords:
Black Entrepreneurs;
Insurance;
History;
Race;
Prejudice and Bias;
Entrepreneurship;
Decision Choices and Conditions;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Insurance Industry;
United States
Nicholas, Tom, and John Masko. "A Soul and a Service: North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance." Harvard Business School Case 823-032, July 2022.
- 2022
- Working Paper
Confidence, Self-Selection and Bias in the Aggregate
By: Benjamin Enke, Thomas Graeber and Ryan Oprea
The influence of behavioral biases on aggregate outcomes like prices and allocations depends in part on self-selection: whether rational people opt more strongly into aggregate interactions than biased individuals. We conduct a series of betting market, auction and...
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Enke, Benjamin, Thomas Graeber, and Ryan Oprea. "Confidence, Self-Selection and Bias in the Aggregate." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 30262, July 2022.
- 2022
- Chapter
Redirecting Rawlsian Reasoning Toward the Greater Good
By: Joshua D. Greene, Karen Huang and Max Bazerman
In A Theory of Justice, John Rawls employed the ‘veil of Ignorance’ as a moral reasoning device designed to promote impartial thinking. By imagining the choices of decision-makers who are blind to biasing information, one might see more clearly the organizing...
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Greene, Joshua D., Karen Huang, and Max Bazerman. "Redirecting Rawlsian Reasoning Toward the Greater Good." Chap. 15 in The Oxford Handbook of Moral Psychology, edited by Manuel Vargas and John M. Doris, 246–261. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2022.