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All HBS Web
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- Faculty Publications (98)
- 2016
- Article
The Mirroring Hypothesis: Theory, Evidence, and Exceptions
By: Lyra J. Colfer and Carliss Y. Baldwin
The mirroring hypothesis predicts that organizational ties within a project, firm, or group of firms (e.g., communication, collocation, employment) will correspond to the technical dependencies in the work being performed. This article presents a unified picture of...
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Keywords:
Modularity;
Mirroring Hypothesis;
Organization Design;
Conway's Law;
Knowledge Boundaries;
Relational Contracts;
Open Source Software;
Organizational Design;
Organizational Structure;
Boundaries;
Knowledge Management;
Applications and Software
Colfer, Lyra J., and Carliss Y. Baldwin. "The Mirroring Hypothesis: Theory, Evidence, and Exceptions." Industrial and Corporate Change 25, no. 5 (2016): 709–738. (Lead Article.)
- 2016
- Working Paper
The Mirroring Hypothesis: Theory, Evidence and Exceptions
By: Lyra J. Colfer and Carliss Y. Baldwin
The mirroring hypothesis predicts that organizational ties within a project, firm, or group of firms (e.g., communication, collocation, employment) will correspond to the technical patterns of dependency in the work being performed. A thorough understanding of the...
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Keywords:
Modularity;
Innovation;
Product And Process Development;
Organization Design;
Design Structure;
Organizational Ties;
Mirroring Hypothesis;
Industry Architecture;
Product Architecture;
Complex Technical Systems;
Information Technology;
Organizational Design;
Organizational Structure;
Relationships;
Innovation and Invention;
Product Development
Colfer, Lyra J., and Carliss Y. Baldwin. "The Mirroring Hypothesis: Theory, Evidence and Exceptions." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 16-124, April 2016. (Revised May 2016.)
- Working Paper
Covenant-Light Contracts and Creditor Coordination
By: Bo Becker and Victoria Ivashina
In 2015, 70% of newly issued leveraged loans had weaker enforcement features, called covenant-light or "cov-lite"; this is nearly a three-time increase in cov-lite issuance compared to a previous peak in 2007. We evaluate whether this development can be attributed to...
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Keywords:
Credit Cycles;
Loan Contracts;
Debt Covenants;
Contracts;
Financing and Loans;
Credit;
Borrowing and Debt
Becker, Bo, and Victoria Ivashina. "Covenant-Light Contracts and Creditor Coordination." Swedish House of Finance Research Paper, No. 16-09, March 2016.
- 2015
- Working Paper
Business Groups Exist in Developed Markets Also: Britain Since 1850
By: Geoffrey Jones
Diversified business groups are well-known phenomena in emerging markets, both today and historically. This is often explained by the prevalence of institutional voids or the nature of government-business relations. It is typically assumed that such groups were much...
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Keywords:
Business Groups;
Business History;
Economic History;
Conglomerates;
Entrepreneurship;
Globalization;
Management;
Organizations;
United Kingdom
Jones, Geoffrey. "Business Groups Exist in Developed Markets Also: Britain Since 1850." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 16-066, November 2015.
- July 2015
- Article
The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Investment Recommendations: Analysts' Perceptions and Shifting Institutional Logics
By: Ioannis Ioannou and George Serafeim
We explore the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) ratings on sell-side analysts' assessments of firms' future financial performance. We suggest that when analysts perceive CSR as an agency cost, due to the prevalence of an agency logic, they produce...
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Keywords:
Corporate Social Responsibility;
Analysts;
Investment Recommendations;
Sustainability;
Institutional Logics;
Environment;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Investment;
Corporate Governance;
United States
Ioannou, Ioannis, and George Serafeim. "The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Investment Recommendations: Analysts' Perceptions and Shifting Institutional Logics." Strategic Management Journal 36, no. 7 (July 2015): 1053–1081.
- April 2015
- Case
Who Owns the Whale?
By: Thales S. Teixeira and David E. Bell
Judge William Wright considers the case of the dispute of a whale carcass wherein several whaling ships claim ownership based on each one's contribution to its killing. The judge must weigh in the differing efforts and costs of three ships who each played a role at...
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Keywords:
Whaling;
Attribution;
Norms-of-ownership;
Transaction Costs;
Deadweight Losses;
Free-rider Problem;
Advertising;
History;
Advertising Industry;
North America;
Europe
Teixeira, Thales S., and David E. Bell. "Who Owns the Whale?" Harvard Business School Case 515-107, April 2015.
- April 2015
- Case
Who Owns the Whale? (Abridged)
By: Thales S. Teixeira and David E. Bell
Judge William Wright considers the case of the dispute of a whale carcass wherein several whaling ships claim ownership based on each one's contribution to its killing. The judge must weigh in the differing efforts and costs of three ships who each played a role at...
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Keywords:
Whaling;
Attribution;
Norms-of-ownership;
Transaction Costs;
Deadweight Losses;
Free-rider Problem;
Advertising;
History;
United States;
United Kingdom
Teixeira, Thales S., and David E. Bell. "Who Owns the Whale? (Abridged)." Harvard Business School Case 515-108, April 2015.
- 2017
- Working Paper
Cost of Experimentation and the Evolution of Venture Capital
By: Michael Ewens, Ramana Nanda and Matthew Rhodes-Kropf
We study how technological shocks to the cost of starting new businesses have led the venture capital model to adapt in fundamental ways over the prior decade. We both document and provide a framework to understand the changes in the investment strategy of VCs in...
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Keywords:
Innovation;
Investing;
Abandonment Option;
Technological Innovation;
Venture Capital;
Entrepreneurship;
Investment
Ewens, Michael, Ramana Nanda, and Matthew Rhodes-Kropf. "Cost of Experimentation and the Evolution of Venture Capital." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 15-070, February 2015. (Revised March 2017, Forthcoming in the Journal of Financial Economics.)
- November 2014 (Revised March 2016)
- Background Note
Mental Health and the American Workplace
By: John A. Quelch and Carin-Isabel Knoop
Mental illness has been described as an epidemic affecting nearly a quarter of all Americans in their lifetimes, often during their most productive working years. Managers who can design organizations that maximize mental health can minimize these risks and boost...
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Keywords:
Public Health;
Productivity;
Competitiveness;
Stress Management;
Depression;
Absenteeism;
Presenteeism;
Work Culture;
Business or Company Management;
Work-Life Balance;
Performance Productivity;
Organizational Culture;
Medical Specialties;
Health Care and Treatment;
Health Industry;
United States
Quelch, John A., and Carin-Isabel Knoop. "Mental Health and the American Workplace." Harvard Business School Background Note 515-062, November 2014. (Revised March 2016.)
- July 2014
- Article
Winners in the Spotlight: Media Coverage of Fund Holdings as a Driver of Flows
By: David H. Solomon, Eugene F. Soltes and Denis Sosyura
We show that media coverage of mutual fund holdings affects how investors allocate money across funds. Controlling for fund performance, fund holdings with high past returns attract extra flows only if these stocks were recently featured in major newspapers. In...
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Solomon, David H., Eugene F. Soltes, and Denis Sosyura. "Winners in the Spotlight: Media Coverage of Fund Holdings as a Driver of Flows." Journal of Financial Economics 113, no. 1 (July 2014): 53–72.
- 2014
- Working Paper
Digital Discrimination: The Case of Airbnb.com
By: Benjamin Edelman and Michael Luca
Online marketplaces often contain information not only about products, but also about the people selling the products. In an effort to facilitate trust, many platforms encourage sellers to provide personal profiles and even to post pictures of themselves. However,...
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Keywords:
Prejudice and Bias;
Internet and the Web;
Race;
Trust;
Renting or Rental;
Accommodations Industry;
Real Estate Industry
Edelman, Benjamin, and Michael Luca. "Digital Discrimination: The Case of Airbnb.com." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 14-054, January 2014.
- 2015
- Working Paper
Fake It Till You Make It: Reputation, Competition, and Yelp Review Fraud
By: Michael Luca and Georgios Zervas
Consumer reviews are now part of everyday decision-making. Yet, the credibility of these reviews is fundamentally undermined when businesses commit review fraud, creating fake reviews for themselves or their competitors. We investigate the economic incentives to commit...
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Keywords:
Information;
Competition;
Internet and the Web;
Ethics;
Reputation;
Social and Collaborative Networks;
Retail Industry;
Food and Beverage Industry
Luca, Michael, and Georgios Zervas. "Fake It Till You Make It: Reputation, Competition, and Yelp Review Fraud." Working Paper. (May 2015. Revise and resubmit, Management Science.)
- January 2013 (Revised April 2013)
- Case
Microsoft Server & Tools
By: Marco Iansiti and Alain Serels
In 2011, Microsoft's Server & Tools Business (STB) was large, fast growing and highly profitable on the strength of traditional packaged product lines led by the Windows Server operating system. Even as the current packaged business was performing exceptionally well,...
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Keywords:
Technology;
Computing;
Enterprise Computing;
Servers;
Cloud Computing;
Microsoft;
Technology Evolution;
Technological Innovation;
Disruptive Innovation;
Information Technology;
Information Technology Industry
Iansiti, Marco, and Alain Serels. "Microsoft Server & Tools." Harvard Business School Case 613-031, January 2013. (Revised April 2013.)
- December 2012
- Article
Estimating the Value of Connections to Vice-President Cheney
By: Rakesh Khurana, Raymond Fisman, Julia Galef and Yongxiang Wang
We estimate the market valuation of personal ties to Richard Cheney. Our proxies for personal ties are based on corporate board linkages that are prevalent in the network sociology literature. We consider a number of distinct political and personal events that either...
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Khurana, Rakesh, Raymond Fisman, Julia Galef, and Yongxiang Wang. "Estimating the Value of Connections to Vice-President Cheney." B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy 13, no. 3 (December 2012).
- 2012
- Article
Organization Design for Business Ecosystems
The modern corporation has long been the central focus of the field of organization design. Such firms can be likened to nation-states: they have boundaries that circumscribe citizen-employees, and they engage in production and trade. But individual corporations are... View Details
Keywords:
Modularity;
Business Ecosystems;
Distributed Innovation;
Problem Solving;
Property Rights;
Organization Design;
Networks;
Integration;
Competition;
Organizational Design;
Innovation and Management
Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Organization Design for Business Ecosystems." Special Issue on The Future of Organization Design. Journal of Organization Design 1, no. 1 (2012).
- 2012
- Working Paper
What Do Managers Do? Exploring Persistent Performance Differences among Seemingly Similar Enterprises
By: Robert Gibbons and Rebecca Henderson
Social networks and social groups have both been seen as important to discouraging malfeasance and supporting the global pro-social norms that underlie social order, but have typically been treated either as pure substitutes or as having completely independent effects....
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Keywords:
Social Norms;
Social Networks;
Triadic Closure;
Social Groups;
Group Identity;
Groups and Teams;
Identity;
Performance Consistency;
Social and Collaborative Networks;
Societal Protocols;
Social Media
Gibbons, Robert, and Rebecca Henderson. "What Do Managers Do? Exploring Persistent Performance Differences among Seemingly Similar Enterprises." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 13-020, August 2012.
- May 2012
- Article
Measuring the Prevalence of Questionable Research Practices with Incentives for Truth-telling
By: Leslie K. John, George Loewenstein and Drazen Prelec
Cases of clear scientific misconduct have received significant media attention recently, but less flagrant transgressions of research norms may be more prevalent and in the long run more damaging to the academic enterprise. We surveyed over 2,000 psychologists about...
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Keywords:
Research;
Practice;
Motivation and Incentives;
Surveys;
Values and Beliefs;
Measurement and Metrics
John, Leslie K., George Loewenstein, and Drazen Prelec. "Measuring the Prevalence of Questionable Research Practices with Incentives for Truth-telling." Psychological Science 23, no. 5 (May 2012): 524–532.
- 2012
- Working Paper
Organization Design for Distributed Innovation
Systems of distributed innovation—so-called business ecosystems—have become increasingly prevalent in many industries. These entities generally encompass numerous corporations, individuals, and communities that might be individually autonomous but related through their...
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Keywords:
Organizational Design;
Innovation and Management;
Social and Collaborative Networks;
Intellectual Property;
Rights;
Governance Controls
Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Organization Design for Distributed Innovation." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 12-100, May 2012.
- 2013
- Working Paper
Span of Control and Span of Attention
By: Oriana Bandiera, Andrea Prat, Raffaella Sadun and Julie Wulf
Using novel data on CEO time use, we document the relationship between the size and composition of the executive team and the attention of the CEO. We combine information about CEO span of control for a sample of 65 companies with detailed data on how CEOs allocate...
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Keywords:
Conferences;
Analytics and Data Science;
Leadership Style;
Management Style;
Managerial Roles;
Time Management;
Planning
Bandiera, Oriana, Andrea Prat, Raffaella Sadun, and Julie Wulf. "Span of Control and Span of Attention." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 12-053, December 2011. (Revised April 2014.)
- 2011
- Working Paper
CEO Bonus Plans: And How to Fix Them
By: Kevin J. Murphy and Michael C. Jensen
Almost all CEO and executive bonus plans have serious design flaws that limit their benefits dramatically. Such poorly designed executive bonus plans destroy value by providing incentives to manipulate the timing of earnings, mislead the board about organizational...
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Keywords:
Business Earnings;
Competency and Skills;
Cost of Capital;
Executive Compensation;
Risk Management;
Performance Evaluation;
Projects;
Motivation and Incentives;
Value
Murphy, Kevin J., and Michael C. Jensen. "CEO Bonus Plans: And How to Fix Them." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 12-022, October 2011.