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      • April 2022
      • Case

      Mastercard: Creating a World Beyond Cash

      By: Sunil Gupta, Linda A. Hill, Julia Kelley and Emily Tedards
      In late 2021, Mastercard CEO Michael Miebach and Chairman and former CEO Ajaypal “Ajay” Banga considered how Mastercard could best position itself for continued success in the years to come. Since Mastercard’s initial public offering in 2006, the company had grown and...  View Details
      Keywords: Technological Innovation; Leadership; Leading Change; Organizational Culture; Business Strategy; Change; Change Management; Money; Cash; Credit; Financial Institutions; Banks and Banking; Central Banking; Financial Instruments; Credit Cards; Financial Markets; Globalization; Innovation and Invention; Innovation and Management; Innovation Strategy; Leadership Style; Competitive Advantage; Corporate Strategy; Diversification; Information Technology; Banking Industry; Financial Services Industry; North and Central America; United States; New York (state, US)
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      Gupta, Sunil, Linda A. Hill, Julia Kelley, and Emily Tedards. "Mastercard: Creating a World Beyond Cash." Harvard Business School Case 522-001, April 2022.
      • March 2022
      • Case

      Swvl: Smart Mobility for the Masses

      By: Krishna Palepu, Esel Çekin and Menna Hassan
      The case focuses on strategy and governance issues at SWVL, a tech-enabled mass mobility marketplace. It describes the journey of CEO and Chairman Mostafa Kendil on his journey from founding to the company’s listing on Nasdaq. Since its founding in Egypt in 2017, Swvl...  View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Governance; Growth and Development Strategy; Initial Public Offering; Innovation and Invention; Business Startups; Transportation Industry; Technology Industry; Middle East; North Africa
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      Palepu, Krishna, Esel Çekin, and Menna Hassan. "Swvl: Smart Mobility for the Masses." Harvard Business School Case 122-097, March 2022.
      • March 2022
      • Case

      El Salvador: Launching Bitcoin as Legal Tender

      By: Laura Alfaro, Carla Larangeira and Ruth Costas
      In June 2021, Nayib Bukele, El Salvador’s president, surprised the world with the announcement that the country would adopt bitcoin as legal tender, becoming the first nation to do so. Bitcoin was mostly used for trading and had one of the most volatile track records...  View Details
      Keywords: Bitcoin; Currency; Financial Strategy; Economic Growth; Governance; Macroeconomics; Assets; Latin America; El Salvador
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      Alfaro, Laura, Carla Larangeira, and Ruth Costas. "El Salvador: Launching Bitcoin as Legal Tender." Harvard Business School Case 322-055, March 2022.
      • March 2022 (Revised May 2022)
      • Case

      Reclaiming the Land of Purple: Purpl’s Mission to Unlock Finance in Lebanon

      By: Lauren Cohen and Grace Headinger
      Karl Naim, Co-Founder and CEO of Purpl, embarked on a venture to lower remittance costs for his native Lebanon. Since October 2019, the Lebanese economy had entered a free fall as its banking sector collapsed and large swathes of its population were plunged into...  View Details
      Keywords: Business Startup; Fintech; Inflation; Deflation; Cross-border Frictions; Remittances; Business Startups; Diasporas; Financial Crisis; Money; Entrepreneurship; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Poverty; Financial Institutions; Banking Industry; Financial Services Industry; Technology Industry; Lebanon
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      Cohen, Lauren, and Grace Headinger. "Reclaiming the Land of Purple: Purpl’s Mission to Unlock Finance in Lebanon." Harvard Business School Case 222-078, March 2022. (Revised May 2022.)
      • March 2022
      • Teaching Note

      Sawiris Foundation: Elevating Education in Egypt

      By: Brian Trelstad and Alpana Thapar
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 322-023. Founded in 2001 by the Sawiris family, one of the wealthiest families in Egypt, the Sawiris Foundation for Social Development (SFSD) invested in human capital and provision of basic social services for the most marginalized...  View Details
      Keywords: Human Capital; Equality and Inequality; Education; Business Strategy
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      Trelstad, Brian, and Alpana Thapar. "Sawiris Foundation: Elevating Education in Egypt." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 322-061, March 2022.
      • February 2022
      • Case

      Lilium: Preparing for Takeoff

      By: Navid Mojir, Vincent Dessain, Mette Fuglsang Hjortshoej and Emer Moloney
      Lilium is a German company focused on developing electric vertical takeoff and landing vehicles (eVTOLs) that can be used to offer air taxi services. The company went public in September 2021 through a special purpose acquisition company (SPAC) deal, raising more than...  View Details
      Keywords: SPACs; Business Model; Forecasting and Prediction; Green Technology; Capital Markets; Venture Capital; Initial Public Offering; Rural Scope; Urban Scope; City; Disruptive Innovation; Growth and Development Strategy; Technological Innovation; Demand and Consumers; Market Timing; Industry Growth; Infrastructure; Logistics; Product Design; Product Development; Production; Service Delivery; Service Operations; Strategic Planning; Partners and Partnerships; Risk and Uncertainty; Urban Development; Sustainable Cities; Business Strategy; Competitive Strategy; Competitive Advantage; Air Transportation; Aerospace Industry; Air Transportation Industry; Green Technology Industry; Transportation Industry; Travel Industry; Germany; Munich; Brazil; United States; Florida
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      Mojir, Navid, Vincent Dessain, Mette Fuglsang Hjortshoej, and Emer Moloney. "Lilium: Preparing for Takeoff." Harvard Business School Case 522-084, February 2022.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      The Impact of Campaign Finance Rules on Candidate Selection and Electoral Outcomes: Evidence from France

      By: Nikolaj Broberg, Vincent Pons and Clémence Tricaud
      This paper investigates the effects of campaign finance rules on electoral outcomes. In French departmental and municipal elections, candidates competing in districts above 9,000 inhabitants face spending limits and are eligible for public reimbursement if they obtain...  View Details
      Keywords: Political Elections; Finance; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Outcome or Result; France
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      Broberg, Nikolaj, Vincent Pons, and Clémence Tricaud. "The Impact of Campaign Finance Rules on Candidate Selection and Electoral Outcomes: Evidence from France." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 29805, February 2022.
      • January 2022 (Revised March 2022)
      • Case

      ReNew Power: Leading the Energy Transition in India

      By: Gunnar Trumbull and Malini Sen
      Founder-CEO of one of India’s largest clean energy companies, ReNew Power, which develops, builds, and operates utility-scale wind and solar energy projects, has to decide the way forward for the company as the country and the world stand poised at the cusp of an...  View Details
      Keywords: Energy Generation; Renewable Energy; Energy Sources; Entrepreneurship; Private Equity; Initial Public Offering; Forecasting and Prediction; Trends; Transformation; Private Ownership; Environmental Sustainability; Energy Industry; India; Asia
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      Trumbull, Gunnar, and Malini Sen. "ReNew Power: Leading the Energy Transition in India." Harvard Business School Case 722-028, January 2022. (Revised March 2022.)
      • January 2022
      • Case

      TotalEnergies’ Investment in Hyzon Motors

      By: Vikram S Gandhi and David Lane
      In November 2021, Girish Nadkarni, the head of TotalEnergies’ corporate venture capital arm (TEV) was considering whether, and on what terms, to exit an investment in Hyzon Motors, a start-up supplier of hydrogen-powered trucks. TEV had invested $4 million in Hyzon,...  View Details
      Keywords: Business Units; Communication Intention and Meaning; Renewable Energy; Venture Capital; Growth and Development Strategy; Market Design; Standards; Commercialization; Investment Portfolio; Market Transactions; Energy Industry; Financial Services Industry; Transportation Industry; Europe; New York (city, NY)
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      Gandhi, Vikram S., and David Lane. "TotalEnergies’ Investment in Hyzon Motors." Harvard Business School Case 822-019, January 2022.
      • January 2022
      • Article

      Replicating Private Equity with Value Investing, Homemade Leverage, and Hold-to-Maturity Accounting

      By: Erik Stafford
      The contributions of asset selection and incremental leverage to buyout investment performance are more important than typically assumed or estimated to be. Buyout funds select small firms with distinct value characteristics. Public equities with these characteristics...  View Details
      Keywords: Replicating Portfolio; Private Equity; Investment Portfolio
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      Stafford, Erik. "Replicating Private Equity with Value Investing, Homemade Leverage, and Hold-to-Maturity Accounting." Review of Financial Studies 35, no. 1 (January 2022): 299–342.
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Stock Investors' Returns Are Exaggerated

      By: Jesse M. Fried, Paul Ma and Charles C.Y. Wang
      The stock market generates less wealth than it appears. We show that total shareholder return (TSR), the standard measure of stock investor performance, substantially exaggerates returns earned by these investors in aggregate, and thus by most investors. The main...  View Details
      Keywords: All-shareholder Returns; Capital Flows; Dividend Reinvestment; Equity Premium; Total Shareholder Returns; Stocks; Investment Return; Market Timing
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      Fried, Jesse M., Paul Ma, and Charles C.Y. Wang. "Stock Investors' Returns Are Exaggerated." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-036, November 2021.
      • November 2021 (Revised May 2022)
      • Case

      QuantumScape's Mission to Revolutionize Energy Storage for a Sustainable Future

      By: William A. Sahlman, Allison M. Ciechanover and Jeff Huizinga
      QuantumScape CEO Jagdeep Singh juggles the many activities required to lead the next-generation battery pioneer. Founded in 2010, QuantumScape’s mission was to develop new “solid-state” car batteries that would improve upon traditional lithium-ion batteries in key...  View Details
      Keywords: Batteries; Electric Vehicles; SPACs; Innovation and Management; Technological Innovation; Science-Based Business; Environmental Sustainability; Auto Industry; Energy Industry; California; San Jose
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      Sahlman, William A., Allison M. Ciechanover, and Jeff Huizinga. "QuantumScape's Mission to Revolutionize Energy Storage for a Sustainable Future." Harvard Business School Case 822-044, November 2021. (Revised May 2022.)
      • September 2021
      • Case

      Community Solutions

      By: Brian Trelstad and Tom Quinn
      Community Solutions was an anti-homelessness nonprofit founded in 2011 after protagonist Rosanne Haggerty grew frustrated with the limited impact of traditional housing and outreach strategies. It set an ambitious goal, reached in some partner communities, of ending...  View Details
      Keywords: Change; Change Management; Disruption; Transformation; Communication; Communication Strategy; Decision Making; Cost vs Benefits; Decision Choices and Conditions; Decisions; Forecasting and Prediction; Social Entrepreneurship; Ethics; Values and Beliefs; Capital Budgeting; Capital Markets; Country; Government Administration; Government Legislation; Housing; Disruptive Innovation; Innovation and Invention; Innovation Strategy; Knowledge Sharing; Leading Change; Resource Allocation; Mission and Purpose; Performance Evaluation; Performance Improvement; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Opportunities; Social Enterprise; Nonprofit Organizations; Human Needs; Public Opinion; Social Issues; Societal Protocols; Poverty; Welfare; Well-being; System; Equality and Inequality; Consulting Industry; Real Estate Industry; United States; New York (city, NY); Florida; Texas
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      Trelstad, Brian, and Tom Quinn. "Community Solutions." Harvard Business School Case 322-021, September 2021.
      • September 2021 (Revised February 2022)
      • Case

      Sawiris Foundation: Elevating Education in Egypt

      By: Brian Trelstad and Alpana Thapar
      Founded in 2001 by the Sawiris family, one of the wealthiest families in Egypt, the Sawiris Foundation for Social Development (SFSD) invested in human capital and provision of basic social services for the most marginalized Egyptians. In 2015, Noura Selim’s (MBA 2013)...  View Details
      Keywords: Sustainable Development; Social Enterprise; Education; Social Issues; Partners and Partnerships; Growth and Development Strategy; Education Industry; Egypt
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      Trelstad, Brian, and Alpana Thapar. "Sawiris Foundation: Elevating Education in Egypt." Harvard Business School Case 322-023, September 2021. (Revised February 2022.)
      • September 2021
      • Case

      Brown Capital Management

      By: Luis M. Viceira, Emily R. McComb and Sarah Mehta
      Set in July 2021, this case looks at several growth strategies under consideration at Brown Capital, the second-oldest Black-owned asset management firm in the U.S. Since its 1983 founding, Baltimore-based Brown Capital has specialized in small company growth...  View Details
      Keywords: Business Growth and Maturation; Growth and Development Strategy; Diversity; Race; Finance; Equity; Public Equity; Stocks; Financial Management; Financial Strategy; Investment; Investment Portfolio; Employee Stock Ownership Plan; Recruitment; Retention; Selection and Staffing; Employee Ownership; Strategy; Financial Services Industry; United States; Maryland; Baltimore
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      Viceira, Luis M., Emily R. McComb, and Sarah Mehta. "Brown Capital Management." Harvard Business School Case 222-002, September 2021.
      • September 2021 (Revised October 2021)
      • Case

      Dream: Impact Through Real Estate

      By: Michael Chu and John Masko
      The Canadian city of Toronto had one of the largest housing affordability problems of any city in the developed world. One company trying to address this problem was Dream, one of the largest real estate groups in Canada. In 2021, Dream had just launched a new system...  View Details
      Keywords: Impact Investing; Real Estate Development; Renewable Energy; Energy Conservation; Income; Values and Beliefs; Borrowing and Debt; Equity; Private Equity; Public Equity; Financing and Loans; City; Government Legislation; Immigration; Housing; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Mission and Purpose; Property; Business and Government Relations; Civil Society or Community; Human Needs; Sustainable Cities; Environmental Sustainability; Social Enterprise; Real Estate Industry; Canada; Toronto
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      Chu, Michael, and John Masko. "Dream: Impact Through Real Estate." Harvard Business School Case 322-041, September 2021. (Revised October 2021.)
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      What Drives the Finance Academia Wage Premium?

      By: Claire Célérier, Boris Vallée and Alexey Vasilenko
      This paper documents the existence of a significant wage finance premium in academia, and investigates its underlying mechanism. By exploiting an extensive dataset covering wages, publications and socio-demographics for 60,000 public-university faculty from all fields,...  View Details
      Keywords: Finance Wage Premium; Finance Academia; Wages; Higher Education
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      Célérier, Claire, Boris Vallée, and Alexey Vasilenko. "What Drives the Finance Academia Wage Premium?" Working Paper, September 2021.
      • Fall 2021
      • Article

      When to Go and How to Go? Founder and Leader Transitions in Private Equity Firms

      By: Josh Lerner and Diana Noble
      Leadership transition in private equity firms is an understudied field, despite the important, albeit controversial, role such firms play in developed economies. We analyzed 260 firms in an empirical study, supplemented by qualitative interviews with a small sample of...  View Details
      Keywords: Leadership Transition; Private Equity; Leadership; Management Succession; Analysis
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      Lerner, Josh, and Diana Noble. "When to Go and How to Go? Founder and Leader Transitions in Private Equity Firms." Journal of Alternative Investments 24, no. 2 (Fall 2021): 9–30.
      • August 2021 (Revised April 2022)
      • Case

      KKR

      By: Jo Tango and Alys Ferragamo
      In June of 2021, KKR’s executive team convened to prepare for an upcoming board meeting. From a small, three-person partnership that started in 1976 and invested only in U.S. LBOs, the firm 45 years later was a public company that employed over 1,600 people and managed...  View Details
      Keywords: Governing and Advisory Boards; Public Equity; Globalized Markets and Industries; Growth and Development Strategy; Profit; Strategy; Finance; United States
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      Tango, Jo, and Alys Ferragamo. "KKR." Harvard Business School Case 822-017, August 2021. (Revised April 2022.)
      • July 2021
      • Case

      Bessemer Venture Partners: Century Fund

      By: Jo Tango and Alys Ferragamo
      In July of 2021, Bessemer Venture Partners (BVP) contemplated the future of its growth investing practice, known as “Century.” While still relatively new as a focused initiative, BVP’s growth investing already had significant momentum. The fund’s investment pace had...  View Details
      Keywords: Leveraged Buyouts; Financial Institutions; Growth and Development Strategy; Investment Banking; Competitive Strategy; Public Sector; Venture Capital; Private Equity; Acquisition
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      Tango, Jo, and Alys Ferragamo. "Bessemer Venture Partners: Century Fund." Harvard Business School Case 822-009, July 2021.
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