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All HBS Web
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- Faculty Publications (496)
- 2023
- Working Paper
In-Context Unlearning: Language Models as Few Shot Unlearners
By: Martin Pawelczyk, Seth Neel and Himabindu Lakkaraju
Machine unlearning, the study of efficiently removing the impact of specific training points on the
trained model, has garnered increased attention of late, driven by the need to comply with privacy
regulations like the Right to be Forgotten. Although unlearning is...
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Pawelczyk, Martin, Seth Neel, and Himabindu Lakkaraju. "In-Context Unlearning: Language Models as Few Shot Unlearners." Working Paper, October 2023.
- August 2023
- Article
Do Rating Agencies Behave Defensively for Higher Risk Issuers?
By: Samuel B. Bonsall IV, Kevin Koharki, Pepa Kraft, Karl A. Muller III and Anywhere Sikochi
We examine whether rating agencies act defensively toward issuers with a higher likelihood of default. We find that agencies' qualitative soft rating adjustments are more accurate as issuers' default risk grows, as evidenced by the adjustments leading to lower Type I...
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Keywords:
Credit Rating Agencies;
Soft Rating Adjustments;
Default;
Credit;
Performance Evaluation;
Measurement and Metrics;
Financial Institutions;
Risk Management
Bonsall, Samuel B., IV, Kevin Koharki, Pepa Kraft, Karl A. Muller III, and Anywhere Sikochi. "Do Rating Agencies Behave Defensively for Higher Risk Issuers?" Management Science 69, no. 8 (August 2023): 4864–4887.
- 2023
- Article
Building the Business Case for an Inclusive Approach to Digital Health Measurement with a Web App (Market Opportunity Calculator): Instrument Development Study
By: Mitchell Tang, Yashoda Sharma, Jennifer C. Goldsack and Ariel Dora Stern
Background: The use of digital health measurement tools has grown substantially in recent years. However, there are concerns that the promised benefits from these products will not be shared equitably. Underserved populations, such as those with lower education and...
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Keywords:
Demographics;
Product Development;
Health Care and Treatment;
Medical Devices and Supplies Industry
Tang, Mitchell, Yashoda Sharma, Jennifer C. Goldsack, and Ariel Dora Stern. "Building the Business Case for an Inclusive Approach to Digital Health Measurement with a Web App (Market Opportunity Calculator): Instrument Development Study." JMIR Formative Research 7 (2023).
- June 2023 (Revised February 2024)
- Case
Betting on Green Steel
By: George Serafeim and Sofoklis Melissovas
'Betting on Green Steel' traces the innovative journey embarked upon by a group of MBA students who have set out to conceive a novel steelmaker that pioneers the production of green steel. The ensemble is confronted with a series of critical choices that will shape the...
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Keywords:
Decarbonization;
Sustainability Management;
Technology;
Industrialization;
Climate Risk;
Energy;
Entrepreneurship;
Environmental Sustainability;
Technology Adoption;
Climate Change;
Innovation and Invention;
Business Strategy;
Family Business;
Steel Industry;
Middle East;
India
Serafeim, George, and Sofoklis Melissovas. "Betting on Green Steel." Harvard Business School Case 123-101, June 2023. (Revised February 2024.)
- June, 2023
- Article
Walking the Purpose-Talk Inside a Large Company: Sustainable Product Development as an Instance of Divergent Change
By: Marissa Kimsey, Thijs Geradts and Julie Battilana
There is a growing interest in large companies pursuing a new purpose—changing their core reason for being from a singular focus on financial gain to a renewed responsibility to people and the planet alongside profit. Yet knowledge of how a large company can walk that...
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Kimsey, Marissa, Thijs Geradts, and Julie Battilana. "Walking the Purpose-Talk Inside a Large Company: Sustainable Product Development as an Instance of Divergent Change." Special Issue on Corporate Purpose. Strategy Science 8, no. 2 (June, 2023): 311–321.
- May 2023
- Teaching Note
Away: Scaling a DTC Travel Brand
By: Joseph B. Fuller and Jill Avery
Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 520-051. Away, a direct-to-consumer, digital native e-commerce seller of travel luggage, is debating how to invest its latest round of venture funding. How quickly could and should Away scale and what were the most promising growth...
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- May 2023
- Course Overview Note
Space: Public and Commercial Economics (SPACE)
SPACE is a course with two goals: to use the tools of economics to better understand the rapidly evolving space sector, and to train the next generation of commercial space leaders. We pursue these goals through a systematic study of the growing space economy,...
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Weinzierl, Matthew C. "Space: Public and Commercial Economics (SPACE)." Harvard Business School Course Overview Note 723-062, May 2023.
- 2023
- Case
Christiana Figueres and the Collaborative Approach to Negotiating Climate Action
By: James K. Sebenius, Laurence A. Green, Hannah Riley-Bowles, Lara SanPietro and Mina Subramanian
This case study centers on Harvard’s Program on Negotiation 2022 Great Negotiator, Christiana Figueres, and her efforts as Executive Secretary of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to build momentum for, and ultimately pass, the 2015...
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Keywords:
Climate Change;
Negotiation;
Environmental Regulation;
International Relations;
Leadership
Sebenius, James K., Laurence A. Green, Hannah Riley-Bowles, Lara SanPietro, and Mina Subramanian. "Christiana Figueres and the Collaborative Approach to Negotiating Climate Action." Program on Negotiation at Harvard Law School Case, 2023. Electronic.
- March 2023 (Revised January 2024)
- Case
Deepa Bachu (A): Design Thinking at Pensaar Design
By: Thomas Graeber, Joshua Schwartzstein and Amram Migdal
In this case, set in June 2019 in Bangalore, Karnataka, India, Deepa Bachu of Pensaar Design and her team work with client ITC Ltd. to use design thinking and behavioral experiments to improve workplace safety and strive toward the company’s zero-accident goal. The...
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Keywords:
Buildings and Facilities;
Design;
Education;
Training;
Working Conditions;
Business or Company Management;
Production;
Business Processes;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Outcome or Result;
Performance Improvement;
Programs;
Business and Stakeholder Relations;
Groups and Teams;
Labor and Management Relations;
Rank and Position;
Safety;
Attitudes;
Behavior;
Motivation and Incentives;
Trust;
Well-being;
Consulting Industry;
Pulp and Paper Industry;
Manufacturing Industry;
India
Graeber, Thomas, Joshua Schwartzstein, and Amram Migdal. "Deepa Bachu (A): Design Thinking at Pensaar Design." Harvard Business School Case 923-026, March 2023. (Revised January 2024.)
- March 2023
- Supplement
Deepa Bachu (B): Insights and Experiments at Pensaar Design
By: Thomas Graeber, Joshua Schwartzstein and Amram Migdal
In this case, set in June 2019 in Bangalore, Karnataka, India, Deepa Bachu of Pensaar Design and her team work with client ITC Ltd. to use design thinking and behavioral experiments to improve workplace safety and strive toward the company’s zero-accident goal. The...
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Keywords:
Buildings and Facilities;
Design;
Training;
Working Conditions;
Business or Company Management;
Production;
Business Processes;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Outcome or Result;
Performance Improvement;
Programs;
Business and Stakeholder Relations;
Groups and Teams;
Labor and Management Relations;
Rank and Position;
Safety;
Attitudes;
Behavior;
Motivation and Incentives;
Trust;
Well-being;
Consulting Industry;
Pulp and Paper Industry;
Manufacturing Industry;
India
Graeber, Thomas, Joshua Schwartzstein, and Amram Migdal. "Deepa Bachu (B): Insights and Experiments at Pensaar Design." Harvard Business School Supplement 923-034, March 2023.
- March 2023 (Revised November 2023)
- Module Note
The Social Purpose of the Firm
By: Debora L. Spar and Julia M. Comeau
The Social Purpose of the Firm (SPF) is a short module designed to explore how, and under what circumstances, business leaders can harness the power of capitalism and markets to “make a difference in the world” – that is, to address a significant societal problem as a...
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Keywords:
Social Accounting;
Purpose;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Social Enterprise;
Mission and Purpose;
United States;
Sweden;
Kenya;
Netherlands
Spar, Debora L., and Julia M. Comeau. "The Social Purpose of the Firm." Harvard Business School Module Note 323-051, March 2023. (Revised November 2023.)
- December 2022
- Teaching Note
Leonard Bernstein: Changing the World
By: Robert Simons and Shirley Sun
Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 122-056. The case traces the rise of Leonard Bernstein from a middle-class family in Boston to the conductor of the New York Philharmonic Orchestra. The case describes how he studied music intensely as a young man and developed mentors to...
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- 2022
- Working Paper
Institutional Emplacement and the Novel Resurgence of Independent Bookstores
By: Ryan Raffaelli and Ryann Noe
This study reveals how actors leverage physical place as an asset to facilitate organizational
adaptation and industry evolution. Through a longitudinal, qualitative analysis of the U.S.
independent bookselling industry from 1995 to 2019, we outline how dispersed...
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Keywords:
Industry Growth;
Small Business;
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Business Processes;
Retail Industry;
Publishing Industry;
United States
Raffaelli, Ryan, and Ryann Noe. "Institutional Emplacement and the Novel Resurgence of Independent Bookstores." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-033, December 2022.
- 2022
- Article
Becoming a Learning Organization While Enhancing Performance: The Case of LEGO
By: Thomas Borup Kristensen, Henrik Saabye and Amy Edmondson
Purpose - The purpose of this study is to empirically test how problem-solving lean practices, along with
leaders as learning facilitators in an action learning approach, can be transferred from a production context to a
knowledge work context for the purpose...
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Kristensen, Thomas Borup, Henrik Saabye, and Amy Edmondson. "Becoming a Learning Organization While Enhancing Performance: The Case of LEGO." International Journal of Operations & Production Management 42, no. 13 (2022): 438–481.
- December 2022
- Article
Shaping Nascent Industries: Innovation Strategy and Regulatory Uncertainty in Personal Genomics
By: Cheng Gao and Rory McDonald
In nascent industries—whose new technologies are often poorly understood
by regulators—contending with regulatory uncertainty can be crucial to organizational survival and growth. Prior research on nonmarket strategy has largely
focused on established firms in mature...
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Keywords:
Technological Change;
Innovation;
Qualitative Methods;
New Categories;
Entrepreneurship;
Technological Innovation;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Strategy
Gao, Cheng, and Rory McDonald. "Shaping Nascent Industries: Innovation Strategy and Regulatory Uncertainty in Personal Genomics." Administrative Science Quarterly 67, no. 4 (December 2022): 915–967.
- November, 2022
- Article
Role of Context in Knowledge Flows: Host Country versus Headquarters as Sources of MNC Subsidiary Knowledge Inheritance
By: Mike Horia Teodorescu, Prithwiraj Choudhury and Tarun Khanna
We respond to calls in the strategy and international business literature for elucidating how multinational subsidiaries develop contextual intelligence in host countries and how they use the local context as a source of valuable opportunities for learning. Applying...
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Keywords:
MNCs;
Knowledge Flows;
Innovation;
Gravity Model;
Absorptive Capacity;
Multinational Firms and Management;
Business Subsidiaries;
Knowledge Management;
Business Headquarters;
Innovation and Invention
Teodorescu, Mike Horia, Prithwiraj Choudhury, and Tarun Khanna. "Role of Context in Knowledge Flows: Host Country versus Headquarters as Sources of MNC Subsidiary Knowledge Inheritance." Special Issue on Decade Celebration Special Issue II. Global Strategy Journal 12, no. 4 (November, 2022): 658–678.
- October 2022
- Article
How Leaders with Divergent Visions Generate Novel Strategy: Navigating the Paradox of Preservation and Modernization in Swiss Watchmaking
By: Ryan Raffaelli, Rich DeJordy and Rory M. McDonald
How do leaders with divergent visions for their organization come together to create a novel strategy? This paper employs paradox as a lens to investigate how leader-dyads can integrate opposing strategies to produce a new, generative approach. Drawing on a qualitative...
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Keywords:
Strategic Paradoxes;
Senior Leaders;
Organizational Reinvention;
Leadership;
Technological Innovation;
Innovation and Management;
Innovation Strategy;
Change;
Manufacturing Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Switzerland
Raffaelli, Ryan, Rich DeJordy, and Rory M. McDonald. "How Leaders with Divergent Visions Generate Novel Strategy: Navigating the Paradox of Preservation and Modernization in Swiss Watchmaking." Academy of Management Journal 65, no. 5 (October 2022): 1593–1622.
- October 2022
- Article
It’s Not Just the Prices: Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing for Initiation of Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation at Three International Sites—A Case Review
By: Michael Nurok, Vin Pellegrino, Marc Pineton de Chambrun, Jonathan Warsh, Meredith Young, Erik Dong, Neil Parrish, Syed Shehab, Alain Combes and Robert S. Kaplan
The United States spends more for intensive care units (ICUs) than do other high-income countries. We used time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) to analyze ICU costs for initiation of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for respiratory failure to estimate...
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Keywords:
Healthcare;
Cost;
Time-Driven ABC;
Health Care and Treatment;
Cost Management;
Activity Based Costing and Management;
Health Industry
Nurok, Michael, Vin Pellegrino, Marc Pineton de Chambrun, Jonathan Warsh, Meredith Young, Erik Dong, Neil Parrish, Syed Shehab, Alain Combes, and Robert S. Kaplan. "It’s Not Just the Prices: Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing for Initiation of Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation at Three International Sites—A Case Review." Anesthesia & Analgesia 135, no. 4 (October 2022): 711–718.
- 2022
- Article
Fairness via Explanation Quality: Evaluating Disparities in the Quality of Post hoc Explanations
By: Jessica Dai, Sohini Upadhyay, Ulrich Aivodji, Stephen Bach and Himabindu Lakkaraju
As post hoc explanation methods are increasingly being leveraged to explain complex models in high-stakes settings, it becomes critical to ensure that the quality of the resulting explanations is consistently high across all subgroups of a population. For instance, it...
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Dai, Jessica, Sohini Upadhyay, Ulrich Aivodji, Stephen Bach, and Himabindu Lakkaraju. "Fairness via Explanation Quality: Evaluating Disparities in the Quality of Post hoc Explanations." Proceedings of the AAAI/ACM Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Ethics, and Society (2022): 203–214.
- 2022
- Report
The First Four Healthy Building Strategies Every Building Should Pursue to Reduce Risk from COVID-19
By: Joseph G. Allen, Emily Jones, Marissa V. Rainbolt, Linsey C. Marr, David Michaels, Leslie R. Cadet, Shelly L. Miller, Meira Levinson, Lidia Morawska, Richard L. Corsi, Nira R. Pollock, Yuguo Li, Alasdair P.S. Munro, Kelly Grier, Qingyan Chen, John D. Macomber and Xiaodong Cao
Understanding of the most probable transmission routes and identifying the risk environments for disease spread should always be among the first critical steps in the response to future disease threats. This is one of the most vital public health lessons of the...
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Keywords:
Health Pandemics;
Buildings and Facilities;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Health Industry;
Education Industry;
Real Estate Industry
Allen, Joseph G., Emily Jones, Marissa V. Rainbolt, Linsey C. Marr, David Michaels, Leslie R. Cadet, Shelly L. Miller, Meira Levinson, Lidia Morawska, Richard L. Corsi, Nira R. Pollock, Yuguo Li, Alasdair P.S. Munro, Kelly Grier, Qingyan Chen, John D. Macomber, and Xiaodong Cao. "The First Four Healthy Building Strategies Every Building Should Pursue to Reduce Risk from COVID-19." Report, Lancet COVID-19 Commission, Task Force on Safe School, Safe Work, Safe Travel, July 2022. (COVID-19 Commission.)