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All HBS Web
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- Faculty Publications (232)
- February 2020
- Technical Note
Talent Management and the Future of Work
By: William R. Kerr and Gorick Ng
The nature of work is changing—and it is changing rapidly. Few days go by without industry giants such as Amazon and AT&T announcing plans to invest billions of dollars towards retraining nearly half of their respective workforces for jobs of the future. What changes...
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Keywords:
Human Resource Management;
Human Capital Development;
Human Resource Practices;
Talent;
Talent Acquisition;
Talent Development;
Talent Development And Retention;
Talent Management;
Talent Retention;
Labor Flows;
Labor Management;
Labor Market;
Strategy Development;
Strategy Management;
Strategy Execution;
Strategy And Execution;
Strategic Change;
Transformations;
Organization;
Organization Alignment;
Organization Design;
Organizational Adaptation;
Organizational Effectiveness;
Management Challenges;
Management Of Business And Political Risk;
Change Leadership;
Future Of Work;
Future;
Skills Gap;
Skills Development;
Skills;
Offshoring And Outsourcing;
Investment;
Capital Allocation;
Work;
Work Culture;
Work Force Management;
Work/life Balance;
Work/family Balance;
Work-family Boundary Management;
Workers;
Worker Productivity;
Worker Performance;
Work Engagement;
Work Environment;
Work Environments;
Productivity;
Organization Culture;
Soft Skills;
Technology Management;
Technological Change;
Technological Change: Choices And Consequences;
Technology Diffusion;
Disruptive Technology;
Global Business;
Global;
Workplace;
Workplace Context;
Workplace Culture;
Workplace Wellness;
Collaboration;
Competencies;
Productivity Gains;
Digital;
Digital Transition;
Competitive Dynamics;
Competitiveness;
Competitive Strategy;
Data Analytics;
Data;
Data Management;
Data Strategy;
Data Protection;
Aging Society;
Diversity;
Diversity Management;
Millennials;
Communication Complexity;
Communication Technologies;
International Business;
Work Sharing;
Global Competitiveness;
Global Corporate Cultures;
Intellectual Property;
Intellectual Property Management;
Intellectual Property Protection;
Intellectual Capital And Property Issues;
Globalization Of Supply Chain;
Inequality;
Recruiting;
Hiring;
Hiring Of Employees;
Training;
Job Cuts And Outsourcing;
Job Performance;
Job Search;
Job Design;
Job Satisfaction;
Jobs;
Employee Engagement;
Employee Attitude;
Employee Benefits;
Employee Compensation;
Employee Fairness;
Employee Relationship Management;
Employee Retention;
Employee Selection;
Employee Motivation;
Employee Feedback;
Employee Coordination;
Employee Performance Management;
Employee Socialization;
Process Improvement;
Application Performance Management;
Stigma;
Institutional Change;
Candidates;
Digital Enterprise;
Cultural Adaptation;
Cultural Change;
Cultural Diversity;
Cultural Context;
Cultural Strategies;
Cultural Psychology;
Cultural Reform;
Performance;
Performance Effectiveness;
Performance Management;
Performance Evaluation;
Performance Appraisal;
Performance Feedback;
Performance Measurement;
Performance Metrics;
Performance Measures;
Performance Efficiency;
Efficiency;
Performance Analysis;
Performance Appraisals;
Performance Improvement;
Automation;
Artificial Intelligence;
Technology Companies;
Managerial Processes;
Skilled Migration;
Assessment;
Human Resources;
Management;
Human Capital;
Talent and Talent Management;
Retention;
Demographics;
Labor;
Strategy;
Change;
Change Management;
Transformation;
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Organizational Culture;
Working Conditions;
Information Technology;
Technology Adoption;
Disruption;
Economy;
Competition;
Globalization;
AI and Machine Learning;
Digital Transformation
Kerr, William R., and Gorick Ng. "Talent Management and the Future of Work." Harvard Business School Technical Note 820-084, February 2020.
- January 2020 (Revised October 2023)
- Case
Governing PG&E
By: Lynn S. Paine and Will Hurwitz
The five commissioners of the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) listened intently at a public forum in April 2019 as PG&E Corporation’s out-going chairman Richard Kelly described the company’s proposed new board. PG&E, which provided electricity and natural...
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Keywords:
Bankruptcy;
Board Of Directors;
Board Dynamics;
Business Ethics;
Business Model Innovation;
Corporate Boards;
Energy Efficiency;
Environmental And Social Sustainability;
Government And Business;
Hedge Funds;
Institutional Investors;
Legal Aspects Of Business;
Regulated Monopolies;
Regulation;
Shareholders;
Stakeholder Management;
Strategy And Execution;
Utilities;
Insolvency and Bankruptcy;
Governing and Advisory Boards;
Ethics;
Capital Structure;
Climate Change;
Corporate Accountability;
Corporate Governance;
Environmental Sustainability;
Executive Compensation;
Leadership;
Management;
Safety;
Business and Government Relations;
Energy Industry;
Utilities Industry;
California;
United States
Paine, Lynn S., and Will Hurwitz. "Governing PG&E." Harvard Business School Case 320-024, January 2020. (Revised October 2023.)
- December 2019
- Case
CME Group in 2019
By: José B. Alvarez, Forest Reinhardt and Natalie Kindred
Chicago-based CME Group is the world’s largest futures and options marketplace, with annual trading volume of over 4.8 billion contracts in 2018. This case is set in late 2019, as heightened perceptions of risk stemming from the U.S.-China trade war are driving record...
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Keywords:
Financial Markets;
Risk Management;
Futures and Commodity Futures;
Trade;
Price;
Competition;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Competitive Strategy;
United States;
China;
Brazil
Alvarez, José B., Forest Reinhardt, and Natalie Kindred. "CME Group in 2019." Harvard Business School Case 520-048, December 2019.
- October 2019 (Revised January 2020)
- Case
NewView Capital and Venture Capital Secondaries
By: Shai Bernstein, Ramana Nanda and Allison Ciechanover
While still a general partner at Silicon Valley–based New Enterprise Associates (NEA), Ravi Viswanathan considered the challenges presented by evolving market dynamics in the venture capital space. Startups were staying private longer, which led to limited partners...
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Bernstein, Shai, Ramana Nanda, and Allison Ciechanover. "NewView Capital and Venture Capital Secondaries." Harvard Business School Case 820-038, October 2019. (Revised January 2020.)
- September 2019
- Case
Shell: A Company of Opportunity?
By: Joseph B. Fuller and Emer Moloney
The Opportunity Hub was a cloud-based platform that enabled managers to market projects they were working on and associated resourcing needs as “Opportunity Owners” and employees, or “Opportunity Seekers,” to browse these statements of need and engage when they had...
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Keywords:
Business Divisions;
Change Management;
Competency and Skills;
Experience and Expertise;
Talent and Talent Management;
Energy;
Energy Sources;
Non-Renewable Energy;
Renewable Energy;
Human Resources;
Employees;
Retention;
Collaborative Innovation and Invention;
Innovation and Management;
Innovation Strategy;
Technological Innovation;
Jobs and Positions;
Job Design and Levels;
Knowledge Sharing;
Knowledge;
Knowledge Use and Leverage;
Labor;
Human Capital;
Labor Unions;
Leading Change;
Resource Allocation;
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Performance Evaluation;
Performance Productivity;
Strategic Planning;
Projects;
Motivation and Incentives;
Business Strategy;
Social and Collaborative Networks;
Technology Platform;
Chemical Industry;
Energy Industry;
Information Technology Industry;
Technology Industry;
United Kingdom;
Netherlands
Fuller, Joseph B., and Emer Moloney. "Shell: A Company of Opportunity?" Harvard Business School Case 320-025, September 2019.
- 2018
- Working Paper
The Limitations of Dynamic Capabilities
By: David J. Collis and Bharat Anand
The concept of dynamic capabilities draws its theoretical basis from two classic traditions within the strategy field—the resource-based view of the firm (RBV) (Wernerfelt, 1984) and market positioning (Porter, 1996). A dynamic capability qualifies as a source of...
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Collis, David J., and Bharat Anand. "The Limitations of Dynamic Capabilities." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-029, September 2019.
- August 2019
- Article
When and How to Diversify—A Multicategory Utility Model for Personalized Content Recommendation
By: Yicheng Song, Nachiketa Sahoo and Elie Ofek
Sometimes we desire change, a break from the same or an opportunity to fulfill different aspects of our needs. Noting that consumers seek variety, several approaches have been developed to diversify items recommended by personalized recommender systems. However,...
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Keywords:
Recommender Systems;
Personalization;
Recommendation Diversity;
Variety Seeking;
Collaborative Filtering;
Consumer Utility Models;
Digital Media;
Clickstream Analysis;
Learning-to-rank;
Consumer Behavior;
Media;
Customization and Personalization;
Strategy;
Mathematical Methods
Song, Yicheng, Nachiketa Sahoo, and Elie Ofek. "When and How to Diversify—A Multicategory Utility Model for Personalized Content Recommendation." Management Science 65, no. 8 (August 2019): 3737–3757.
- July 2019 (Revised November 2019)
- Case
Osaro: Picking the Best Path
By: William R. Kerr, James Palano and Bastiane Huang
The founder of Osaro saw the potential of deep reinforcement learning to allow robots to be applied to new applications. Osaro targeted warehousing, already a dynamic industry for robotics and automation, for its initial product—a system which would allow robotic arms...
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Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence;
Machine Learning;
Robotics;
Robots;
Ecommerce;
Fulfillment;
Warehousing;
AI;
Startup;
Technology Commercialization;
Business Startups;
Entrepreneurship;
Logistics;
Order Taking and Fulfillment;
Information Technology;
Commercialization;
Learning;
Complexity;
Competition;
E-commerce
Kerr, William R., James Palano, and Bastiane Huang. "Osaro: Picking the Best Path." Harvard Business School Case 820-012, July 2019. (Revised November 2019.)
- May 2019 (Revised March 2022)
- Module Note
Nascent Platform Strategy: Overcoming the Chicken-or-Egg Problem
By: Andy Wu, David R. Clough and Sasha Kaletsky
This note provides a framework for addressing the classic chicken-or-egg dilemma facing entrepreneurs launching nascent multi-sided platforms. There are several conditions that lead to a difficult chicken-or-egg problem: strong network effects, high multi-homing costs,...
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Keywords:
Multi-Sided Platforms;
Strategy;
Entrepreneurship;
Market Entry and Exit;
Problems and Challenges;
Competitive Advantage
Wu, Andy, David R. Clough, and Sasha Kaletsky. "Nascent Platform Strategy: Overcoming the Chicken-or-Egg Problem." Harvard Business School Module Note 719-507, May 2019. (Revised March 2022.)
- 2024
- Working Paper
Consumer Inertia and Market Power
By: Alexander MacKay and Marc Remer
We study the pricing decisions of firms in the presence of consumer inertia. Inertia, which can arise from habit formation, brand loyalty, and switching costs, generates dynamic pricing incentives. These incentives mediate the impact of competition on market power in...
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Keywords:
Consumer Inertia;
Market Power;
Dynamic Competition;
Demand Estimation;
Consumer Behavior;
Markets;
Performance;
Competition;
Price
MacKay, Alexander, and Marc Remer. "Consumer Inertia and Market Power." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-111, April 2019. (Revised January 2024. Direct download.)
- March 2019
- Article
A Structural Analysis of the Role of Superstars in Crowdsourcing Contests
By: Shunyuan Zhang, Param Singh and Anindya Ghose
We investigate the long-term impact of competing against superstars in crowdsourcing contests. Using a unique 50-month longitudinal panel data set on 1677 software design crowdsourcing contests, we illustrate a learning effect where participants are able to improve...
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Keywords:
Crowdsourcing Contests;
Superstar Effect;
Bayesian Learning;
Utility;
Economics Of Information System;
Dynamic Structural Model;
Dynamic Programming;
Markov Chain;
Monte Carlo;
Learning;
Competition;
Performance Improvement
Zhang, Shunyuan, Param Singh, and Anindya Ghose. "A Structural Analysis of the Role of Superstars in Crowdsourcing Contests." Information Systems Research 30, no. 1 (March 2019): 15–33.
- March 2019
- Article
Open Source Software and Firm Productivity
By: Frank Nagle
As open source software (OSS) is increasingly used as a key input by firms, understanding its impact on productivity becomes critical. This study measures the firm-level productivity impact of nonpecuniary (free) OSS and finds a positive and significant value-added...
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Keywords:
Applications and Software;
Open Source Distribution;
Performance Productivity;
Information Technology;
Strategy
Nagle, Frank. "Open Source Software and Firm Productivity." Management Science 65, no. 3 (March 2019): 1191–1215.
- January 2019 (Revised February 2020)
- Case
Jay Gould, 'The Most Hated Man in America'
By: Tom Nicholas, John Masko and Matthew G. Preble
Railroad magnate Jay Gould, a controversial figure in the history of U.S. capitalism, was a disruptive influence on an industry that had previously relied on formal and informal agreements to move traffic long distances across lines operated by different companies....
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Keywords:
Railroads;
Gould;
Vanderbilt;
Rail Transportation;
History;
Consolidation;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Competition;
Strategy;
Rail Industry;
United States
Nicholas, Tom, John Masko, and Matthew G. Preble. "Jay Gould, 'The Most Hated Man in America'." Harvard Business School Case 819-006, January 2019. (Revised February 2020.)
- December 2018
- Article
Cross-boundary Teaming for Innovation: Integrating Research on Teams and Knowledge in Organizations
By: Amy C. Edmondson and Jean-François Harvey
Cross-boundary teaming, within and across organizations, is an increasingly popular strategy for innovation. Knowledge diversity is seen to expand the range of views and ideas that teams can draw upon to innovate. Yet, case studies reveal that teaming across knowledge...
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Keywords:
Teams;
Innovation;
Groups and Teams;
Innovation and Invention;
Knowledge;
Performance Effectiveness
Edmondson, Amy C., and Jean-François Harvey. "Cross-boundary Teaming for Innovation: Integrating Research on Teams and Knowledge in Organizations." Special Issue on Creating High Performance Teamwork in Organizations. Human Resource Management Review 28, no. 4 (December 2018): 347–360.
- 2018
- Working Paper
Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 7 The Value Structure of Technologies, Part 2: Technical and Strategic Bottlenecks as Guides for Action
The purpose of this chapter is to present analytic tools based on functional maps that can be used to identify investment opportunities and to formulate strategy in large, evolving technical systems. I argue that the points of value creation and value capture in a...
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Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 7 The Value Structure of Technologies, Part 2: Technical and Strategic Bottlenecks as Guides for Action." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-042, October 2018.
- May 2018 (Revised June 2018)
- Case
Ashar Group: Brokers and Co-opetition in the Life Settlement Industry
By: Alexander Braun, Lauren H. Cohen, Christopher J. Malloy and Jiahua Xu
Connecting life insurance policyholders with potential investors (called Life Settlement Providers), Ashar Group plays a pivotal role in the industry. Its current position is, however, increasingly being challenged by consumer-direct models, led by major providers...
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Keywords:
Insurance;
Investment;
Markets;
Competitive Strategy;
Cooperation;
Financial Services Industry
Braun, Alexander, Lauren H. Cohen, Christopher J. Malloy, and Jiahua Xu. "Ashar Group: Brokers and Co-opetition in the Life Settlement Industry." Harvard Business School Case 218-109, May 2018. (Revised June 2018.)
- March 2018
- Article
Making the Numbers? 'Short Termism' and the Puzzle of Only Occasional Disaster
By: Hazhir Rahmandad, Rebecca Henderson and Nelson P. Repenning
Much recent work in strategy and popular discussion suggests that an excessive focus on "managing the numbers"—delivering quarterly earnings at the expense of longer-term investments—makes it difficult for firms to make the investments necessary to build competitive...
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Keywords:
Capability;
Short-termism;
System Dynamics;
Tipping Point;
Business or Company Management;
Earnings Management;
Resource Allocation
Rahmandad, Hazhir, Rebecca Henderson, and Nelson P. Repenning. "Making the Numbers? 'Short Termism' and the Puzzle of Only Occasional Disaster." Management Science 64, no. 3 (March 2018): 1328–1347.
- 2018
- Working Paper
Zig-Zagging Your Way to Transformative Impact
By: V. Kasturi Rangan and Tricia Gregg
Achieving transformative impact has been much discussed by social entrepreneurs, funders, and consultants. These discussions have focused on issues of increasing impact and scale, but often with no clear distinction between the two terms. In order to provide clarity,...
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Keywords:
Social Entrepreneurship;
Performance Efficiency;
Growth and Development;
Outcome or Result;
Strategy
Rangan, V. Kasturi, and Tricia Gregg. "Zig-Zagging Your Way to Transformative Impact." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 18-062, January 2018.
- December 2017 (Revised January 2018)
- Case
Alltech
By: David E. Bell and Natalie Kindred
Alltech was a Lexington, Kentucky–based producer of supplements for animal feed, with revenues of over $2 billion (projected to reach $3 billion in 2018), sales in 120 countries, 5,000 employees, and 100 manufacturing plants worldwide. For nearly four decades, Alltech...
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Keywords:
Alltech;
United States;
Agribusiness;
Agriculture;
Animal;
Animal Agriculture;
Animal Feed;
Livestock;
Family Business;
Vertical Integration;
Strategy;
Growth;
Feed Additives;
Feed Supplements;
Kentucky;
Growth Strategy;
Family Businesses;
Animal-Based Agribusiness;
Acquisition;
Business Growth and Maturation;
Business Model;
Change Management;
Trends;
Governance;
Entrepreneurship;
Growth and Development;
Intellectual Property;
Leadership;
Management;
Markets;
Organizational Culture;
Private Ownership;
Science;
Quality;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Research;
Sales;
Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry;
Pharmaceutical Industry;
United States;
Kentucky;
Brazil;
China
Bell, David E., and Natalie Kindred. "Alltech." Harvard Business School Case 518-001, December 2017. (Revised January 2018.)
- October 2017
- Article
Elevating Repositioning Costs: Strategy Dynamics and Competitive Interactions
By: Anoop R. Menon and Dennis Yao
This paper proposes an approach for modeling competitive interactions that incorporates the costs to firms of changing strategy. The costs associated with strategy modifications, which we term “repositioning costs,” are particularly relevant to competitive interactions...
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Keywords:
"Repositioning Costs;
Strategy Dynamics;
Strategic Interaction;
Capabilities;
Cost;
Strategy;
Change;
Game Theory;
Organizational Change and Adaptation
Menon, Anoop R., and Dennis Yao. "Elevating Repositioning Costs: Strategy Dynamics and Competitive Interactions." Strategic Management Journal 38, no. 10 (October 2017): 1953–1963.