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- All HBS Web (415)
- Faculty Publications (85)
- 2014
- Working Paper
Visualizing and Measuring Software Portfolio Architectures: A Flexibility Analysis
By: Robert Lagerstrom, Carliss Y. Baldwin, Alan MacCormack and David Dreyfus
In this paper, we test a method for visualizing and measuring software portfolio architectures and use our measures to predict the costs of architectural change. Our data is drawn from a biopharmaceutical company, comprising 407 architectural components with 1,157...
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Keywords:
Design Structure Matrices;
Software Architecture;
Flexibility;
Software Application Portfolio;
Complexity;
Applications and Software;
Forecasting and Prediction
Lagerstrom, Robert, Carliss Y. Baldwin, Alan MacCormack, and David Dreyfus. "Visualizing and Measuring Software Portfolio Architectures: A Flexibility Analysis." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 14-083, March 2014.
- Web
7 Tips for a Successful Technology Venture Immersion - MBA
Sciences Partners & Families Peek SVMP Social Enterprise Student Life Student Loans Student Profile Sustainability Video Blog Industries Industries Architecture Construction Consulting Consumer Packaged Goods Education Energy Engineering...
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- 2016
- Working Paper
The Mirroring Hypothesis: Theory, Evidence and Exceptions
By: Lyra J. Colfer and Carliss Y. Baldwin
The mirroring hypothesis predicts that organizational ties within a project, firm, or group of firms (e.g., communication, collocation, employment) will correspond to the technical patterns of dependency in the work being performed. A thorough understanding of the...
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Keywords:
Modularity;
Innovation;
Product And Process Development;
Organization Design;
Design Structure;
Organizational Ties;
Mirroring Hypothesis;
Industry Architecture;
Product Architecture;
Complex Technical Systems;
Information Technology;
Organizational Design;
Organizational Structure;
Relationships;
Innovation and Invention;
Product Development
Colfer, Lyra J., and Carliss Y. Baldwin. "The Mirroring Hypothesis: Theory, Evidence and Exceptions." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 16-124, April 2016. (Revised May 2016.)
- January 2022 (Revised August 2022)
- Case
Geely SEA: New Electric Vehicle Platforms
By: Willy C. Shih and Shu Lin
Kent Bovellan, the Chief Engineer and Head of the Vehicle Architecture Center for Geely Holding, the Hangzhou, China headquartered global automotive group, was debating the platform choice for an upcoming "D" segment midsized battery electric vehicle (BEV). He had led...
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Keywords:
Product Innovation;
Product Architecture;
Product Engineering;
Platform Design;
Platform Strategy;
Information Infrastructure;
Digital Platforms;
Information Technology;
Product Design;
Product Development;
Cost Management;
Decision Making;
Competitive Strategy;
Industry Structures;
Auto Industry;
China;
Sweden
Shih, Willy C., and Shu Lin. "Geely SEA: New Electric Vehicle Platforms." Harvard Business School Case 622-001, January 2022. (Revised August 2022.)
- Web
Technology & Operations Management Awards & Honors - Faculty & Research
Lakhani: Winner of the 2023 Best Paper Award from the Technology and Innovation Management (TIM) Division of the Academy of Management for “When Does Feasibility Drive Technological Innovation? Evaluator...
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- Web
Why Voice Is The Next Disruptive Platform Technology - Forum for Growth
Disruptive Platform Technology Shaye Roseman Author Thirteen years after Apple launched the iPhone, smartphones have thoroughly disrupted the computer market, superseding our use of desktop and laptop devices. Among internet users aged...
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- September 2019 (Revised June 2020)
- Case
2U: Higher Education Rewired
By: Yael Grushka-Cockayne and Karim R. Lakhani
In its 2019 Partner Symposium, 2U, an online program management provider (OPM), showcased its new vision: “Career. Curriculum. Continuum. A construct for lifelong learning in the 21st century.” 2U, founded in 2008 and went public in 2014, was looking to expand beyond...
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Keywords:
Digital Innovation;
Architectural Innovation;
Make V. Buy;
Learning;
Higher Education;
Internet and the Web;
Innovation Strategy;
Transformation;
Digital Transformation
Grushka-Cockayne, Yael, and Karim R. Lakhani. "2U: Higher Education Rewired." Harvard Business School Case 620-044, September 2019. (Revised June 2020.)
- 2020
- Book
Healthy Buildings: How Indoor Spaces Drive Performance and Productivity
By: Joseph Allen and John D. Macomber
By the time you reach 80, you will have spent 72 years of your life indoors. Like it or not, humans have become an indoor species. This means that the people who design, build, and maintain our buildings can have a major impact on our health.
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Keywords:
Architecture;
Real Estate Development;
Air Pollution;
Air Quality;
Public Health;
Productivity Gains;
Buildings and Facilities;
Health;
Pollutants;
Performance Productivity;
Construction Industry
Allen, Joseph, and John D. Macomber. Healthy Buildings: How Indoor Spaces Drive Performance and Productivity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2020.
- January 2023
- Case
Crow Holdings Development: Mass Timber Construction
By: John D. Macomber, Robert Hernandez and Kyle MertensMeyer
Jim McCaffery and Cody Armbrister of Crow Holdings Development evaluate the pros and cons of committing to mass timber construction instead of conventional concrete or steel for a new 260,000 SF multi-story office building in Texas. Benefits include substantially...
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Keywords:
Real Estate Development;
Architecture;
Air Quality;
Health & Wellness;
Office Property;
Sustainability;
Carbon Abatement;
Natural Environment;
Environmental Accounting;
Green Building;
Design;
Construction;
Cost vs Benefits;
Environmental Sustainability;
Construction Industry;
Real Estate Industry;
Texas
- February 2022 (Revised February 2024)
- Case
Sekisui House and the In-Home Early Detection Platform
By: John D. Macomber and Akiko Kanno
To address an aging population and sales declines, a major Japanese homebuilder considers pivoting to provide and support an in-home health detection platform, in competition with tech companies. This case considers the point of view of major builders regarding how...
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Keywords:
Voice Assistants;
Architecture;
Smart Home;
Aging Society;
Digitalization;
Real Estate;
Home Automation;
Sensors;
Strategy;
Digital Platforms;
Health Care and Treatment;
Housing;
Age;
Real Estate Industry;
Construction Industry;
Health Industry;
Japan
Macomber, John D., and Akiko Kanno. "Sekisui House and the In-Home Early Detection Platform." Harvard Business School Case 222-070, February 2022. (Revised February 2024.)
- Article
Multivariate Unsupervised Machine Learning for Anomaly Detection in Enterprise Applications
By: Daniel Elsner, Pouya Aleatrati Khosroshahi, Alan MacCormack and Robert Lagerström
Existing application performance management (APM) solutions lack robust anomaly detection capabilities and root cause analysis techniques that do not require manual efforts and domain knowledge. In this paper, we develop a density-based unsupervised machine learning...
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Keywords:
Big Data;
Data Science And Analytics Management;
Governance And Compliance;
Organizational Systems And Technology;
Anomaly Detection;
Application Performance Management;
Machine Learning;
Enterprise Architecture;
Analytics and Data Science
Elsner, Daniel, Pouya Aleatrati Khosroshahi, Alan MacCormack, and Robert Lagerström. "Multivariate Unsupervised Machine Learning for Anomaly Detection in Enterprise Applications." Proceedings of the Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences 52nd (2019): 5827–5836.
- 2012
- Working Paper
Modularity and Organizations
Modularity describes the degree to which a complex system can be broken apart into subunits (modules) that can be recombined in various ways. Modularity is important for organizations and the economy because the boundaries of organizational units and corporations are...
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- July–August 2016
- Article
Beyond the Holacracy Hype: The Overwrought Claims—and Actual Promise—of the Next Generation of Self-Managed Teams
By: Ethan Bernstein, John Bunch, Niko Canner and Michael Lee
Holacracy and other forms of self-organization have been getting a lot of press. Proponents hail them as "flat" environments that foster flexibility, engagement, productivity, and efficiency. Critics say they're naive, unrealistic experiments. We argue, using evidence...
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Keywords:
Self-Managed Organizations;
Self-Managed Teams;
Reliability;
Adaptability;
Holacracy;
Organization Design;
Organization Structure;
Organizational Charts;
Organizational Architecture;
Organizational Forms;
Organizational Design;
Organizational Structure;
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Performance Effectiveness;
Performance Productivity;
Management Practices and Processes;
Management Systems;
Managerial Roles;
Human Resources;
Technology Industry;
Technology Industry;
Technology Industry;
Technology Industry;
Technology Industry;
North America
Bernstein, Ethan, John Bunch, Niko Canner, and Michael Lee. "Beyond the Holacracy Hype: The Overwrought Claims—and Actual Promise—of the Next Generation of Self-Managed Teams." Harvard Business Review 94, nos. 7-8 (July–August 2016): 38–49.
- August 1995
- Background Note
Managing in an Information Age: IT Challenges and Opportunities
The co-evolution of technology, work, and the workforce over the past 30 years has dramatically influenced our concept of organizations and the industries within which they compete. No longer simply a tool to support "back-office" transactions, IT has become a...
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Keywords:
Information Technology;
Information Management;
Restructuring;
Technological Innovation;
Corporate Strategy;
Organizational Design;
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Information Technology Industry
Applegate, Lynda M. "Managing in an Information Age: IT Challenges and Opportunities." Harvard Business School Background Note 196-004, August 1995.
- April 1999
- Case
Inktomi: Scaling the Internet
By: Marco Iansiti, Myra M. Hart and Richard Bergin
Presents the early months of Inktomi, a company that invented the world's first truly scalable architecture for the Internet. This core technology provides a platform for a variety of innovative applications. The company must decide the direction it wants to take.
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Iansiti, Marco, Myra M. Hart, and Richard Bergin. "Inktomi: Scaling the Internet." Harvard Business School Case 699-156, April 1999.
- December 1989 (Revised February 1993)
- Case
Frito-Lay, Inc.: A Strategic Transition (C)
In 1989, Frito-Lay designed an information technology infrastructure to support time-based competition and organizational restructuring. The company planned to provide timely flexible information to all major decision makers at all levels. This case describes the...
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Keywords:
Design;
Information Technology;
Information Infrastructure;
Competitive Strategy;
Time Management;
Organizational Structure;
Information Management;
Strategic Planning;
Performance Effectiveness;
Decision Choices and Conditions;
Food and Beverage Industry;
Manufacturing Industry
Applegate, Lynda M. "Frito-Lay, Inc.: A Strategic Transition (C)." Harvard Business School Case 190-071, December 1989. (Revised February 1993.)
- 09 Apr 2014
- Working Paper Summaries
Visualizing and Measuring Software Portfolio Architectures: A Flexibility Analysis
- Article
Thinking About Technology: Applying a Cognitive Lens to Technical Change
We apply a cognitive lens to understanding technology trajectories across the life cycle by developing a co-evolutionary model of technological frames and technology. Applying that model to each stage of the technology life cycle, we identify conditions under which a...
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Keywords:
Technology;
Transformation;
Outcome or Result;
Economics;
Cognition and Thinking;
Business Model;
Forecasting and Prediction
Kaplan, Sarah, and Mary Tripsas. "Thinking About Technology: Applying a Cognitive Lens to Technical Change." Research Policy 37, no. 5 (June 2008): 790–805.
- 2004
- Working Paper
Thinking About Technology: Applying a Cognitive Lens to Technical Change
We apply a cognitive lens to understanding technology trajectories across the life cycle by developing a coevolutionary model of technological frames and technology. Applying that model to each stage of the technology life cycle, we identify conditions under which a...
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Kaplan, Sarah, and Mary Tripsas. "Thinking About Technology: Applying a Cognitive Lens to Technical Change." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 04-039, January 2004. (Revised September 2006, August 2007, April 2008.)
- 2013
- Working Paper
Visualizing and Measuring Enterprise Architecture: An Exploratory BioPharma Case
By: Robert Lagerstrom, Carliss Baldwin, Alan MacCormack and David Dreyfus
We test a method that was designed and used previously to reveal the hidden internal architectural structure of software systems. The focus of this paper is to test if it can also uncover new facts about the components and their relationships in an enterprise...
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Lagerstrom, Robert, Carliss Baldwin, Alan MacCormack, and David Dreyfus. "Visualizing and Measuring Enterprise Architecture: An Exploratory BioPharma Case." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 13-105, June 2013.