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All HBS Web
(788)
- Faculty Publications (89)
- Article
Counterfactual Explanations Can Be Manipulated
By: Dylan Slack, Sophie Hilgard, Himabindu Lakkaraju and Sameer Singh
Counterfactual explanations are useful for both generating recourse and auditing fairness between groups. We seek to understand whether adversaries can manipulate counterfactual explanations in an algorithmic recourse setting: if counterfactual explanations indicate...
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Slack, Dylan, Sophie Hilgard, Himabindu Lakkaraju, and Sameer Singh. "Counterfactual Explanations Can Be Manipulated." Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS) 34 (2021).
- Article
Reliable Post hoc Explanations: Modeling Uncertainty in Explainability
By: Dylan Slack, Sophie Hilgard, Sameer Singh and Himabindu Lakkaraju
As black box explanations are increasingly being employed to establish model credibility in high stakes settings, it is important to ensure that these explanations are accurate and reliable. However, prior work demonstrates that explanations generated by...
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Keywords:
Black Box Explanations;
Bayesian Modeling;
Decision Making;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Information Technology
Slack, Dylan, Sophie Hilgard, Sameer Singh, and Himabindu Lakkaraju. "Reliable Post hoc Explanations: Modeling Uncertainty in Explainability." Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS) 34 (2021).
- November 2021 (Revised March 2022)
- Case
Pacesetters
By: Jeffrey J. Bussgang and Mel Martin
City Sealcoating CEO Keith Chaney had just publicly called out the Boston Chamber of Commerce for their slow progress on their supplier diversity program, Pacesetters. Established in 2018 by regional business leaders, Pacesetters was supposed to facilitate...
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Keywords:
Racial Wealth Gap;
Procurement;
Suppliers;
Diversity;
Programs;
Small Business;
Restructuring;
Contracts;
United States;
Boston
Bussgang, Jeffrey J., and Mel Martin. "Pacesetters." Harvard Business School Case 322-019, November 2021. (Revised March 2022.)
- September 2021
- Article
Gender Stereotypes in Deliberation and Team Decisions
By: Katherine B. Coffman, Clio Bryant Flikkema and Olga Shurchkov
We explore how groups deliberate and decide on ideas in an experiment with communication. We find that gender biases play a significant role in which group members are chosen to answer on behalf of the group. Conditional on the quality of their ideas, individuals are...
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Keywords:
Gender Differences;
Stereotypes;
Teams;
Economic Experiments;
Gender;
Prejudice and Bias;
Groups and Teams;
Perception
Coffman, Katherine B., Clio Bryant Flikkema, and Olga Shurchkov. "Gender Stereotypes in Deliberation and Team Decisions." Games and Economic Behavior 129 (September 2021): 329–349.
- September 2021
- Article
Shaking Things Up: Disruptive Events and Inequality
By: Letian Zhang
This paper develops a theory of how disruptive events could reduce racial and gender inequality in organizations. Despite pressure from regulators and advocates, racial and gender inequality in the workplace remains high. I theorize that because such inequality is...
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Keywords:
Inequality;
Equality and Inequality;
Diversity;
Race;
Gender;
Restructuring;
Mergers and Acquisitions;
Disruption
Zhang, Letian. "Shaking Things Up: Disruptive Events and Inequality." American Journal of Sociology 127, no. 2 (September 2021): 376–440.
- 2021
- Article
Does Fair Ranking Improve Minority Outcomes? Understanding the Interplay of Human and Algorithmic Biases in Online Hiring
By: Tom Sühr, Sophie Hilgard and Himabindu Lakkaraju
Ranking algorithms are being widely employed in various online hiring platforms including LinkedIn, TaskRabbit, and Fiverr. Prior research has demonstrated that ranking algorithms employed by these platforms are prone to a variety of undesirable biases, leading to the...
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Sühr, Tom, Sophie Hilgard, and Himabindu Lakkaraju. "Does Fair Ranking Improve Minority Outcomes? Understanding the Interplay of Human and Algorithmic Biases in Online Hiring." Proceedings of the AAAI/ACM Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Ethics, and Society 4th (2021).
- 2021
- Article
Fair Influence Maximization: A Welfare Optimization Approach
By: Aida Rahmattalabi, Shahin Jabbari, Himabindu Lakkaraju, Phebe Vayanos, Max Izenberg, Ryan Brown, Eric Rice and Milind Tambe
Several behavioral, social, and public health interventions, such as suicide/HIV prevention or community preparedness against natural disasters, leverage social network information to maximize outreach. Algorithmic influence maximization techniques have been proposed...
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Rahmattalabi, Aida, Shahin Jabbari, Himabindu Lakkaraju, Phebe Vayanos, Max Izenberg, Ryan Brown, Eric Rice, and Milind Tambe. "Fair Influence Maximization: A Welfare Optimization Approach." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35th (2021).
- Article
Going It Alone: Competition Increases the Attractiveness of Minority Status
By: Erika L. Kirgios, Edward H. Chang and Katherine L. Milkman
Past research demonstrates that people prefer to affiliate with others who resemble them demographically. However, we posit that when competing for scarce opportunities, strategic considerations moderate the strength of this tendency toward homophily. Across six...
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Kirgios, Erika L., Edward H. Chang, and Katherine L. Milkman. "Going It Alone: Competition Increases the Attractiveness of Minority Status." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 161 (November 2020): 20–33.
- October 2020
- Article
Corporate Legal Structure and Bank Loan Spread
This study examines how a corporate legal structure may affect borrowing costs. Corporate legal structure refers to the legal fragmentation of a firm into multiple, separately incorporated entities. This fragmentation is bound to be a factor when lenders determine the...
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Keywords:
Corporate Legal Structure;
Subsidiaries;
Bank Loans;
Minority Interest;
Credit Risk;
Organizational Structure;
Business Subsidiaries;
Financing and Loans
Sikochi, Anywhere (Siko). "Corporate Legal Structure and Bank Loan Spread." Journal of Corporate Finance 64 (October 2020).
- October 2020
- Case
HOPE and Transformational Lending: Netflix Invests in Black Led Banks
By: John D. Macomber and Janice Broome Brooks
Following the killing of George Floyd on Memorial Day in 2020, the large US corporation Netflix elected to make a "transformational deposit" of $10 million into Hope Credit Union (HCU), a small Black led community development finance institution (CDFI) based in...
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- August 2020 (Revised August 2023)
- Case
Nubank: Democratizing Financial Services
By: Michael Chu, Carla Larangeira and Pedro Levindo
Nubank, a wholly-digital solution created to disrupt Brazilian banking, with 6 million clients and a $4 billion valuation after five years, must decide whether to expand to Mexico. The company was founded in São Paulo in 2013 by Colombian-born David Vélez to seize what...
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Keywords:
Fintech;
Financial Inclusion;
Digital Banking;
Credit Cards;
Banks and Banking;
Disruption;
Expansion;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Financial Services Industry;
South America;
Brazil;
North America;
Mexico
Chu, Michael, Carla Larangeira, and Pedro Levindo. "Nubank: Democratizing Financial Services." Harvard Business School Case 321-068, August 2020. (Revised August 2023.)
- July 2020
- Background Note
Gender Diversity on Boards: Views from Norway
By: Aiyesha Dey
The issue of gender diversity on boards has received increased attention in U.S markets over the past few years. In 2018, California introduced a law which required boards of U.S-listed firms with headquarters in California to include at least one female director by...
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Keywords:
Board Of Directors;
Board Decisions;
Gender;
Diversity;
Governing and Advisory Boards;
Norway;
United States
Dey, Aiyesha. "Gender Diversity on Boards: Views from Norway." Harvard Business School Background Note 120-065, July 2020.
- July 2020 (Revised October 2020)
- Case
Valentina Tereshkova: Conquering Space
By: Boris Groysberg and Annelena Lobb
On June 13, 1963, Valentina Tereshkova of the USSR became the first woman to fly in space on Vostok 6. Soviet leaders publicly espoused gender equity, but also sent Tereshkova on her mission in order to be the first country to send a woman to space, a milestone they...
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Keywords:
Gender Equity;
Gender;
Equality and Inequality;
Personal Development and Career;
Aerospace Industry;
Soviet Union;
United States
Groysberg, Boris, and Annelena Lobb. "Valentina Tereshkova: Conquering Space." Harvard Business School Case 421-005, July 2020. (Revised October 2020.)
- 2021
- Working Paper
Changing Ingroup Boundaries: The Effect of Immigration on Race Relations in the U.S.
By: Vasiliki Fouka and Marco Tabellini
How do social group boundaries evolve? Does the appearance of a new outgroup change the ingroup's perceptions of other outgroups? We introduce a conceptual framework of context-dependent categorization, in which exposure to one minority leads to recategorization of...
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Keywords:
In-group-out-group Relations;
Immigration;
Race;
Attitudes;
Boundaries;
Prejudice and Bias
Fouka, Vasiliki, and Marco Tabellini. "Changing Ingroup Boundaries: The Effect of Immigration on Race Relations in the U.S." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-100, March 2020. (Accepted at American Political Science Review. Revised June 2021.)
- March 2020 (Revised March 2024)
- Case
CIAM: Home-Grown Shareholder Activism in France
By: Charles C.Y. Wang, Tonia Labruyere and Vincent Dessain
The case discusses the strategy of CIAM, a French activist investment firm, involved in a case of a buy-out of minority shareholders in the telecommunications sector. Altice NV, an international telecommunications company based in the Netherlands that owned more than...
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Keywords:
Corporate Governance;
Private Equity;
Strategy;
Valuation;
Investment Activism;
Financial Services Industry;
France
Wang, Charles C.Y., Tonia Labruyere, and Vincent Dessain. "CIAM: Home-Grown Shareholder Activism in France." Harvard Business School Case 120-072, March 2020. (Revised March 2024.)
- January 2020
- Case
Banorte Móvil: Data-Driven Mobile Growth
By: Ayelet Israeli, Carla Larangeira and Mariana Cal
In mid-2019, Carlos Hank was deliberating over the results for Banorte Móvil—the mobile application for Banorte, Mexico’s most profitable and second-largest financial institution. Hank, who had been appointed as Banorte´s Chairman of the Board in January 2015, had...
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Keywords:
Data Analytics;
Customer Lifetime Value;
Financial Institutions;
Mobile and Wireless Technology;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Customers;
Technology Adoption;
Communication Strategy;
Banking Industry;
Mexico;
Latin America
Israeli, Ayelet, Carla Larangeira, and Mariana Cal. "Banorte Móvil: Data-Driven Mobile Growth." Harvard Business School Case 520-068, January 2020.
- 2020
- Chapter
Business, Ethics and Institutions. The Evolution of Turkish Capitalism in a Comparative Perspective
By: Asli M. Colpan and Geoffrey Jones
This chapter offers a survey of the evolution of Turkish capitalism from the 19th century Ottoman Empire until the present day. It shows that Turkish business over the last century and a half was shaped in an institutional context similar to those in many developing...
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Keywords:
Business Groups;
Capitalism;
Entrepreneurship;
Ethics;
Government and Politics;
History;
Religion;
Business History;
Turkey;
Central Asia;
Middle East
Colpan, Asli M., and Geoffrey Jones. "Business, Ethics and Institutions. The Evolution of Turkish Capitalism in a Comparative Perspective." Chap. 1 in Business, Ethics and Institutions: The Evolution of Turkish Capitalism in Global Perspectives, edited by Asli M. Colpan and Geoffrey Jones, 3–22. New York: Routledge, 2020.
- September 2019 (Revised December 2022)
- Case
Cooking Down a Storm: Changing Culture at Pasta Serafina (A)
Plant management at Pasta Serafina, a pasta producer in the south of Italy, is struggling to contain employee absenteeism. While the misbehavior is concentrated in a minority of the workers, its effects impact not only the plant’s performance, but also the climate and...
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Keywords:
Absenteeism;
Moral Hazard;
Employees;
Behavior;
Problems and Challenges;
Organizational Culture;
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Employee Relationship Management;
Performance Productivity;
Decision Making
Gallani, Susanna, Francesca Gino, and Raffaella Sadun. "Cooking Down a Storm: Changing Culture at Pasta Serafina (A)." Harvard Business School Case 120-013, September 2019. (Revised December 2022.)
- April 2019 (Revised October 2021)
- Case
The Rohingya Refugee: Past, Genocide, Future
In August 2017, the Myanmar military commenced a brutal pogrom of the Rohingya minority in Rakhine State, Myanmar. The genocidal campaign marked the most recent and decisive of a series of ethnic cleansing efforts fueled by contention around race, religion, and...
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Keywords:
War;
Ethnicity;
Race;
Religion;
Identity;
Change;
Resource Allocation;
Social Issues;
Myanmar;
Africa;
Bangladesh
Hussam, Reshmaan N. "The Rohingya Refugee: Past, Genocide, Future." Harvard Business School Case 719-068, April 2019. (Revised October 2021.)
- Article
Diversity Thresholds: How Social Norms, Visibility, and Scrutiny Relate to Group Composition
By: Edward H. Chang, Katherine L. Milkman, Dolly Chugh and Modupe Akinola
Across a field study and four experiments, we examine how social norms and scrutiny affect decisions about adding members of underrepresented populations (e.g., women, racial minorities) to groups. When groups are scrutinized, we theorize that decision makers strive to...
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Keywords:
Social Norms;
Impression Management;
Groups and Teams;
Governing and Advisory Boards;
Diversity;
Gender;
Decision Making
Chang, Edward H., Katherine L. Milkman, Dolly Chugh, and Modupe Akinola. "Diversity Thresholds: How Social Norms, Visibility, and Scrutiny Relate to Group Composition." Academy of Management Journal 62, no. 1 (February 2019): 144–171.