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- March 2024
- Article
Medicare Price Negotiation and Pharmaceutical Innovation Following the Inflation Reduction Act
By: Matthew Vogel, Pragya Kakani, Amitabh Chandra and Rena M. Conti
The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) requires Medicare to negotiate lower prices for some medicines with high Medicare spending. Using historical data from public and proprietary sources to apply the IRA's negotiation criteria retrospectively, we identify all drugs that...
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Keywords:
Policy;
Government Legislation;
Health Care and Treatment;
Negotiation;
Price;
Pharmaceutical Industry
Vogel, Matthew, Pragya Kakani, Amitabh Chandra, and Rena M. Conti. "Medicare Price Negotiation and Pharmaceutical Innovation Following the Inflation Reduction Act." Nature Biotechnology 42, no. 3 (March 2024): 406–412.
- February 2024
- Case
Can Cities Beat the Heat? (A): A Comparative Analysis of Climate Actions and Change Enablers in 14 U.S. Cities
By: Rosabeth Moss Kanter and Jacob A. Small
Throughout the early 2000's, emphasis was placed on initiatives to adapt to and mitigate climate action in cities. This series presents overviews (snapshots) of 14 U.S. metropolitan regions to help identify similarities, differences, and opportunities for developing...
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Keywords:
Climate;
Climate Impact;
Innovation;
Mitigation Policies;
Carbon Footprint;
Investing;
Climate Finance;
Renewable;
Mobility;
City;
Climate Change;
Adaptation;
Renewable Energy;
Weather;
Problems and Challenges;
United States;
Boston;
Detroit;
Miami;
Minneapolis;
St. Paul;
Pittsburgh;
Seattle;
San Jose
- 2024
- Working Paper
Contributing to Growth? The Role of Open Source Software for Global Startups
By: Nataliya Langburd Wright, Frank Nagle and Shane Greenstein
Does participating in open source software (OSS) communities spur entrepreneurial growth? More
efficiently developing shared code, learning from what the OSS community has developed, and
shaping the direction of massive projects, such as those linked to frameworks...
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Keywords:
Applications and Software;
Open Source Distribution;
Entrepreneurship;
Business Growth and Maturation;
Human Capital;
Valuation;
Corporate Strategy
Wright, Nataliya Langburd, Frank Nagle, and Shane Greenstein. "Contributing to Growth? The Role of Open Source Software for Global Startups." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-040, January 2024.
- January 2024 (Revised February 2024)
- Exercise
Travelogo: Understanding Customer Journeys
By: Eva Ascarza, Nicolas Padilla and Oded Netzer
In late May 2023, Sarah Merino, the newly appointed manager of the Customer Insights group at Travelogo—an online travel booking platform—initiates a comprehensive analysis of clickstream data to understand the varied behaviors and needs of their users. In preparation...
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Keywords:
Customer Relationship Management;
Analysis;
Analytics and Data Science;
Marketing Strategy;
Segmentation;
Consumer Behavior;
Travel Industry;
United States
Ascarza, Eva, Nicolas Padilla, and Oded Netzer. "Travelogo: Understanding Customer Journeys." Harvard Business School Exercise 524-044, January 2024. (Revised February 2024.)
- 2023
- Working Paper
Money, Time, and Grant Design
By: Kyle Myers and Wei Yang Tham
The design of research grants has been hypothesized to be a useful tool for
influencing researchers and their science. We test this by conducting two thought
experiments in a nationally representative survey of academic researchers. First,
we offer participants a...
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Myers, Kyle, and Wei Yang Tham. "Money, Time, and Grant Design." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-037, December 2023.
- 2023
- Working Paper
Debiasing Treatment Effect Estimation for Privacy-Protected Data: A Model Auditing and Calibration Approach
By: Ta-Wei Huang and Eva Ascarza
Data-driven targeted interventions have become a powerful tool for organizations to optimize business outcomes
by utilizing individual-level data from experiments. A key element of this process is the estimation
of Conditional Average Treatment Effects (CATE), which...
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Huang, Ta-Wei, and Eva Ascarza. "Debiasing Treatment Effect Estimation for Privacy-Protected Data: A Model Auditing and Calibration Approach." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-034, December 2023.
- December 8, 2023
- Article
What Makes a Company Great at Producing Leaders?
By: Sarah Abbott, Robin Abrahams and Boris Groysberg
GE is well known as an “academy company”—a talent incubator that exports effective leaders to other organizations and even industries. To better understand which companies are top talent incubators today, the authors worked with the Official Board, a firm that provides...
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Keywords:
Personal Development and Career;
Talent and Talent Management;
Training;
Organizational Culture
Abbott, Sarah, Robin Abrahams, and Boris Groysberg. "What Makes a Company Great at Producing Leaders?" Harvard Business Review (website) (December 8, 2023).
- 2023
- Article
MoPe: Model Perturbation-based Privacy Attacks on Language Models
By: Marvin Li, Jason Wang, Jeffrey Wang and Seth Neel
Recent work has shown that Large Language Models (LLMs) can unintentionally leak sensitive information present in their training data. In this paper, we present Model Perturbations (MoPe), a new method to identify with high confidence if a given text is in the training...
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Li, Marvin, Jason Wang, Jeffrey Wang, and Seth Neel. "MoPe: Model Perturbation-based Privacy Attacks on Language Models." Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (2023): 13647–13660.
- November 2023
- Case
Nourishing Communities: Brighter Bites Approach to Childhood Nutrition
By: David E. Bell, Forest Reinhardt and Ai-Ling Jamila Malone
In September 2023, Brighter Bites, a Houston-based non-profit that distributed fresh produce and nutrition education in underserved communities across 11 cities and 5 states, grappled with identifying the best path forward for continued growth. Brighter Bites proved...
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Keywords:
Nutrition;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Logistics;
Nonprofit Organizations;
Human Needs;
Poverty;
Houston
Bell, David E., Forest Reinhardt, and Ai-Ling Jamila Malone. "Nourishing Communities: Brighter Bites Approach to Childhood Nutrition." Harvard Business School Case 724-007, November 2023.
- November–December 2023
- Article
Iterative Coordination and Innovation: Prioritizing Value over Novelty
By: Sourobh Ghosh and Andy Wu
An innovating organization faces the challenge of how to prioritize distinct goals of novelty and value, both of which underlie innovation. Popular practitioner frameworks like Agile management suggest that organizations can adopt an iterative approach of frequent...
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Keywords:
Innovation;
Novelty;
Goals;
Specialization;
Coordination;
Field Experiment;
Software Development;
Agile;
Scrum;
Iteration;
Iterative;
Organizations;
Innovation and Invention;
Value;
Goals and Objectives;
Integration;
Applications and Software
Ghosh, Sourobh, and Andy Wu. "Iterative Coordination and Innovation: Prioritizing Value over Novelty." Organization Science 34, no. 6 (November–December 2023): 2182–2206.
- November–December 2023
- Article
Storytelling That Drives Bold Change
By: Frances X. Frei and Anne Morriss
When tackling urgent organizational problems, leaders usually work hard to identify underlying causes, tap a wide range of knowledge, and experiment with solutions. But once they’ve mapped out a plan, there’s one more crucial step they must take: crafting a story so...
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Keywords:
Organizational Culture;
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Problems and Challenges;
Emotions;
Communication Strategy
Frei, Frances X., and Anne Morriss. "Storytelling That Drives Bold Change." Harvard Business Review 101, no. 6 (November–December 2023): 62–71.
- November 2023
- Article
When Executives Pledge Integrity: The Effect of the Accountant's Oath on Firms' Financial Reporting
By: Jonas Heese, Gerardo Pérez Cavazos and Caspar David Peter
We study the effect of executives’ pledges of integrity on firms’ financial reporting outcomes by exploiting a 2016 regulation that requires holders of Dutch professional accounting degrees to pledge an integrity oath. We identify chief executive officers (CEOs) and...
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Heese, Jonas, Gerardo Pérez Cavazos, and Caspar David Peter. "When Executives Pledge Integrity: The Effect of the Accountant's Oath on Firms' Financial Reporting." Accounting Review 98, no. 7 (November 2023): 261–288.
- October 20, 2023
- Article
How ENGOs Can Support Corporate Climate Change Efforts
Nearly half of CEOs view climate change as affecting their companies now or within the coming decade, but there is also a wide gap between what CEOs say is progress on tackling climate change and what many of their investors believe are effective actions. Companies...
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Keywords:
Climate Change;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Business and Shareholder Relations
Toffel, Michael W. "How ENGOs Can Support Corporate Climate Change Efforts." Harvard Business Review (website) (October 20, 2023).
- 2023
- Working Paper
Mapping Organizational-Level Networks Using Individual-Level Connections: Evidence from Online Professional Networks
By: Shelley Xin Li, Frank Nagle and Aner Zhou
Organization-level networks facilitate the flow of information and business activities in the
economy. Prior research relies solely on high-level connections to measure these networks. Therefore, to
understand the role of employee connections at all job levels in...
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Keywords:
Networks;
Value;
Social and Collaborative Networks;
Innovation and Invention;
Knowledge Sharing;
Employees;
Social Media
Li, Shelley Xin, Frank Nagle, and Aner Zhou. "Mapping Organizational-Level Networks Using Individual-Level Connections: Evidence from Online Professional Networks." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-010, August 2023.
- July 2023
- Article
Design and Analysis of Switchback Experiments
By: Iavor I Bojinov, David Simchi-Levi and Jinglong Zhao
In switchback experiments, a firm sequentially exposes an experimental unit to a random treatment, measures its response, and repeats the procedure for several periods to determine which treatment leads to the best outcome. Although practitioners have widely adopted...
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Bojinov, Iavor I., David Simchi-Levi, and Jinglong Zhao. "Design and Analysis of Switchback Experiments." Management Science 69, no. 7 (July 2023): 3759–3777.
- July 2023
- Article
So, Who Likes You? Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment
By: Ravi Bapna, Edward McFowland III, Probal Mojumder, Jui Ramaprasad and Akhmed Umyarov
With one-third of marriages in the United States beginning online, online dating platforms have become important curators of the modern social fabric. Prior work on online dating has elicited two critical frictions in the heterosexual dating market. Women, governed by...
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Keywords:
Online Dating;
Internet and the Web;
Analytics and Data Science;
Gender;
Emotions;
Social and Collaborative Networks
Bapna, Ravi, Edward McFowland III, Probal Mojumder, Jui Ramaprasad, and Akhmed Umyarov. "So, Who Likes You? Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment." Management Science 69, no. 7 (July 2023): 3939–3957.
- 2023
- Working Paper
The Politics of Philanthropy in China
By: Geoffrey Jones and Yuhai Wu
This working paper looks historically at business philanthropy in China. In the West, the literature has distinguished between entrepreneurial and customary philanthropy, while the phenomenon of spiritual philanthropy has been identified in many emerging markets. This...
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Keywords:
China;
Philanthropy;
Ethics;
Philanthropy and Charitable Giving;
Moral Sensibility;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Economic Systems;
Economic Sectors;
China
Jones, Geoffrey, and Yuhai Wu. "The Politics of Philanthropy in China." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-067, May 2023.
- 2023
- Working Paper
Operational Consequences of Customer Interaction Design: Evidence From Last-Mile Delivery Services
By: Natalie Epstein, Santiago Gallino and Antonio Moreno
Problem definition: Communication and customer interaction design have been used as elements to improve customer satisfaction and future purchasing behavior, but little is known about how they can be used as levers to improve operational...
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Epstein, Natalie, Santiago Gallino, and Antonio Moreno. "Operational Consequences of Customer Interaction Design: Evidence From Last-Mile Delivery Services." Working Paper, May 2023.
- 2023
- Article
Estimating Causal Peer Influence in Homophilous Social Networks by Inferring Latent Locations.
By: Edward McFowland III and Cosma Rohilla Shalizi
Social influence cannot be identified from purely observational data on social networks, because such influence is generically confounded with latent homophily, that is, with a node’s network partners being informative about the node’s attributes and therefore its...
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Keywords:
Causal Inference;
Homophily;
Social Networks;
Peer Influence;
Social and Collaborative Networks;
Power and Influence;
Mathematical Methods
McFowland III, Edward, and Cosma Rohilla Shalizi. "Estimating Causal Peer Influence in Homophilous Social Networks by Inferring Latent Locations." Journal of the American Statistical Association 118, no. 541 (2023): 707–718.
- 2023
- Working Paper
The Limits of Algorithmic Measures of Race in Studies of Outcome Disparities
By: David S. Scharfstein and Sergey Chernenko
We show that the use of algorithms to predict race has significant limitations in measuring and understanding the sources of racial disparities in finance, economics, and other contexts. First, we derive theoretically the direction and magnitude of measurement bias in...
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Keywords:
Racial Disparity;
Paycheck Protection Program;
Measurement Error;
AI and Machine Learning;
Race;
Measurement and Metrics;
Equality and Inequality;
Prejudice and Bias;
Forecasting and Prediction;
Outcome or Result
Scharfstein, David S., and Sergey Chernenko. "The Limits of Algorithmic Measures of Race in Studies of Outcome Disparities." Working Paper, April 2023.