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All HBS Web
(4,603)
- Faculty Publications (678)
- November 2022 (Revised March 2024)
- Case
Replika AI: Monetizing a Chatbot
By: Julian De Freitas and Nicole Tempest Keller
In early 2018, Eugenia Kuyda, co-founder and CEO of San Francisco-based chatbot Replika AI, was deciding how to monetize the app she had built. Launched in 2017, Replika was a consumer AI “companion app” developed by a team of AI software engineers originally based in...
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Keywords:
Mental Health;
Subscriber Models;
TAM;
Monetization Strategy;
Marketing Strategy;
Product Marketing;
AI and Machine Learning;
Applications and Software;
Product Positioning;
Health Disorders;
Technology Industry
De Freitas, Julian, and Nicole Tempest Keller. "Replika AI: Monetizing a Chatbot." Harvard Business School Case 523-016, November 2022. (Revised March 2024.)
- 2022
- Article
A Human-Centric Take on Model Monitoring
By: Murtuza Shergadwala, Himabindu Lakkaraju and Krishnaram Kenthapadi
Predictive models are increasingly used to make various consequential decisions in high-stakes domains such as healthcare, finance, and policy. It becomes critical to ensure that these models make accurate predictions, are robust to shifts in the data, do not rely on...
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Shergadwala, Murtuza, Himabindu Lakkaraju, and Krishnaram Kenthapadi. "A Human-Centric Take on Model Monitoring." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Human Computation and Crowdsourcing (HCOMP) 10 (2022): 173–183.
- 13 Oct 2022
- Other Presentation
4 Business Ideas That Changed the World: Disruptive Innovation
By: Amy Bernstein, Rita McGrath, Felix Oberholzer-Gee and Derek van Bever
A roundtable conversation takes stock of Clayton Christensen’s influential theory. This first in a series of roundtable conversations assessing the origins and impact of four breakthrough ideas.
In the 1980s, Clayton Christensen cofounded a startup that... View Details
In the 1980s, Clayton Christensen cofounded a startup that... View Details
Keywords:
Disruptive Innovation
"4 Business Ideas That Changed the World: Disruptive Innovation." HBR IdeaCast (podcast), Harvard Business Review Group, October 13, 2022.
- September 2022
- Article
A Spanner in the Works: Category-Spanning Entrants and Audience Valuation of Incumbents
By: Rory M. McDonald and Ryan T. Allen
Previous work has examined how audiences evaluate category-spanning organizations, but little is known about how their entrance affects evaluations of other, proximate organizations. We posit that the emergence of category-spanning entrants signals the advent of an...
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Keywords:
Emerging Industries;
Industry Dynamics;
Organization And Management Theory;
Technology Strategy;
Technology And Innovation Management;
Entrepreneurship;
Information Technology;
Strategy;
Management;
Theory;
Innovation and Management
McDonald, Rory M., and Ryan T. Allen. "A Spanner in the Works: Category-Spanning Entrants and Audience Valuation of Incumbents." Strategy Science 7, no. 6 (September 2022): 190–209.
- September 2022
- Article
Energy Innovation Funding and Institutions in Major Economies
By: Jonas Meckling, Clara Galeazzi, Esther Shears, Tong Xu and Laura Diaz Anadon
Accelerating energy innovation for decarbonization hinges on public investment in research, development and demonstration (RD&D). Here we examine the evolution and variation of public energy RD&D funding and institutions and associated drivers across eight major...
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Keywords:
Research and Development;
Innovation and Invention;
Energy Policy;
Government Legislation;
Energy Sources
Meckling, Jonas, Clara Galeazzi, Esther Shears, Tong Xu, and Laura Diaz Anadon. "Energy Innovation Funding and Institutions in Major Economies." Nature Energy 7, no. 9 (September 2022): 876–885.
- August 2022 (Revised March 2023)
- Exercise
How Should Netflix Add an Ad-Supported Tier?
By: Elie Ofek and Olivier Toubia
In the summer of 2022, it became clear that Netflix would introduce an ad-supported tier alongside its existing subscription plans in the near future. Speculation abounded as to the details of the new tier: How many minutes of advertising would it include? What picture...
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Keywords:
Pricing;
Television Industry;
Price;
Marketing Strategy;
Digital Platforms;
Customer Value and Value Chain;
Competitive Strategy;
Customer Satisfaction;
Entertainment and Recreation Industry
Ofek, Elie, and Olivier Toubia. "How Should Netflix Add an Ad-Supported Tier?" Harvard Business School Exercise 523-033, August 2022. (Revised March 2023.)
- August 2022
- Exercise
Joy4Home Brands: Pricing Matters
By: Elie Ofek, Oded Koenigsberg and Marco Bertini
Joy4Home Brands, the maker of novel houseware items, was gearing up for its launch. The company would be introducing two lines: kitchenware products and storage containers. The initial go-to-market plan called for a direct to consumer (DTC) channel strategy. While...
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Keywords:
DTC;
Pricing Decisions;
B2B;
Product Marketing;
Product Launch;
Marketing Strategy;
Business Model;
Opportunities;
Consumer Products Industry
Ofek, Elie, Oded Koenigsberg, and Marco Bertini. "Joy4Home Brands: Pricing Matters." Harvard Business School Exercise 523-709, August 2022.
- August 2022
- Article
Contract Duration and the Costs of Market Transactions
By: Alexander MacKay
The optimal duration of a supply contract balances the costs of reselecting a supplier against the costs of being matched to an inefficient supplier when the contract lasts too long. I develop a structural model of contract duration that captures this tradeoff and...
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Keywords:
Supply Contracts;
Intermediate Goods;
Switching Costs;
Vertical Relationships;
Transaction Costs;
Contract Duration;
Identification;
Supply Chain;
Cost;
Contracts;
Auctions;
Mathematical Methods
MacKay, Alexander. "Contract Duration and the Costs of Market Transactions." American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 14, no. 3 (August 2022): 164–212.
- 2022
- Book
Purpose + Profit: How Business Can Lift Up the World
By: George Serafeim
The roadmap and best practices to reap the enormous value that can emerge when your business prioritizes social and environmental goals—such as climate change, diversity and inclusion, and sustainability—right alongside the pursuit of profit.
We not only... View Details
We not only... View Details
Keywords:
ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) Performance;
Profitability;
Business And Society;
Organizations;
Mission and Purpose;
Goals and Objectives;
Social Issues;
Environmental Sustainability;
Value Creation;
Organizational Change and Adaptation
Serafeim, George. Purpose + Profit: How Business Can Lift Up the World. New York: HarperCollins Leadership, 2022.
- August 2022
- Article
The Bulletproof Glass Effect: Unintended Consequences of Privacy Notices
By: Aaron R. Brough, David A. Norton, Shannon L. Sciarappa and Leslie K. John
Drawing from a content analysis of publicly traded companies’ privacy notices, a survey of managers, a field study, and five online experiments, this research investigates how consumers respond to privacy notices. A privacy notice, by placing legally enforceable limits...
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Keywords:
Choice;
Purchase Intent;
Privacy;
Privacy Notices;
Warnings;
Assurances;
Information Disclosure;
Trust;
Consumer Behavior;
Spending;
Decisions;
Information;
Communication
Brough, Aaron R., David A. Norton, Shannon L. Sciarappa, and Leslie K. John. "The Bulletproof Glass Effect: Unintended Consequences of Privacy Notices." Journal of Marketing Research (JMR) 59, no. 4 (August 2022): 739–754.
- Article
The Value of Intermediation in the Stock Market
By: Marco Di Maggio, Mark Egan and Francesco Franzoni
We estimate a structural model of broker choice to quantitatively decompose the value that institutional investors attach to broker services. Studying over 300 million institutional equity trades, we find that investors are sensitive to both explicit and implicit...
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Keywords:
Financial Intermediation;
Institutional Investors;
Research Analysts;
Broker Networks;
Equity Trading;
Institutional Investing
Di Maggio, Marco, Mark Egan, and Francesco Franzoni. "The Value of Intermediation in the Stock Market." Journal of Financial Economics 145, no. 2A (August 2022): 208–233.
- June 29, 2022
- Other Article
Strategic Complexity? Using Experiments to Understand and Overcome Obfuscation
By: Michael Luca, Ginger Zhe Jin and Daniel Martin
Credit card companies must decide what product features to disclose to consumers, such as payment schedules, penalties, and fees--and also whether to present them clearly or bury them in the fine print. Firms face similar choices in settings ranging from privacy...
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Keywords:
Obfuscation;
Credit Cards;
Strategic Incentives;
Complexity;
Agreements and Arrangements;
Customers;
Consumer Behavior;
Financial Services Industry
Luca, Michael, Ginger Zhe Jin, and Daniel Martin. "Strategic Complexity? Using Experiments to Understand and Overcome Obfuscation." Management Science Review (June 29, 2022). (Summary of "Complex Disclosure," Management Science, May 2022.)
- 2022
- Article
Values and Inequality: Prosocial Jobs and the College Wage Premium
By: Nathan Wilmers and Letian Zhang
Employers often recruit workers by invoking corporate social responsibility, organizational purpose, or other claims to a prosocial mission. In an era of substantial labor
market inequality, commentators typically dismiss these claims as hypocritical: prosocial...
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Wilmers, Nathan, and Letian Zhang. "Values and Inequality: Prosocial Jobs and the College Wage Premium." American Sociological Review 87, no. 3 (2022): 415–442.
- May 2022
- Article
Strengthening Digital Infrastructure: A Policy Agenda for Free and Open Source Software
By: Frank Nagle
While there is little debate that digital forces are playing an increasingly crucial role in the economy, there
is limited understanding of the importance of the digital infrastructure that underlies this role. Much of the
discussion around digital infrastructure has...
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Nagle, Frank. "Strengthening Digital Infrastructure: A Policy Agenda for Free and Open Source Software." Brookings Series: Reimagining Modern-day Markets and Regulations (May 2022).
- April 2022
- Article
National Customer Orientation: A Framework, Propositions and Agenda for Future Research
By: Ofer Mintz, Imran S. Currim and Rohit Deshpandé
Purpose: This paper aims to propose a new country-level construct, national customer orientation, to provide a benchmark for global headquartered managers’ decisions and scholars investigating cross-national research.
Design/methodology/approach: A conceptual... View Details
Design/methodology/approach: A conceptual... View Details
Keywords:
International Marketing;
Macro-marketing;
Marketing;
Financial Crisis;
Customer Focus and Relationships;
Economic Growth;
Economic Slowdown and Stagnation
Mintz, Ofer, Imran S. Currim, and Rohit Deshpandé. "National Customer Orientation: A Framework, Propositions and Agenda for Future Research." European Journal of Marketing 56, no. 4 (April 2022): 1014–1041.
- April 2022
- Article
Predictable Financial Crises
Using historical data on post-war financial crises around the world, we show that crises are substantially predictable. The combination of rapid credit and asset price growth over the prior three years, whether in the nonfinancial business or the household sector, is...
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Greenwood, Robin, Samuel G. Hanson, Andrei Shleifer, and Jakob Ahm Sørensen. "Predictable Financial Crises." Journal of Finance 77, no. 2 (April 2022): 863–921.
- 2023
- Working Paper
Can Evidence-Based Information Shift Preferences Towards Trade Policy?
By: Laura Alfaro, Maggie X. Chen and Davin Chor
We investigate the role of evidence-based information in shaping individuals' preferences for trade policies through a series of survey experiments that contain randomized information treatments. Each treatment provides a concise statement of economics research...
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Alfaro, Laura, Maggie X. Chen, and Davin Chor. "Can Evidence-Based Information Shift Preferences Towards Trade Policy?" Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-062, March 2022. (Revised May 2023. NBER Working Paper Series, No. 31240, May 2023)
- 2024
- Working Paper
The Credit Rating Agency Market in Africa: Landscape and Future Research Directions
By: Saveshen Pillay and Anywhere Sikochi
We explore the role of credit ratings in global markets and highlight potential opportunities for research on the African credit rating agency market. We trace the evolution of credit ratings and conduct a comprehensive literature review of existing studies globally...
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Keywords:
Credit Rating;
Credit Rating Agencies;
Regulation;
Conflict Of Interest;
Credit;
Capital;
Africa
Pillay, Saveshen, and Anywhere Sikochi. "The Credit Rating Agency Market in Africa: Landscape and Future Research Directions." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-074, June 2022. (Journal of Financial Reporting, Online early access, April 18, 2024.)
- March 2022
- Article
Estimating the Effectiveness of Permanent Price Reductions for Competing Products Using Multivariate Bayesian Structural Time Series Models
By: Fiammetta Menchetti and Iavor Bojinov
Researchers regularly use synthetic control methods for estimating causal effects when a sub-set of units receive a single persistent treatment, and the rest are unaffected by the change. In many applications, however, units not assigned to treatment are nevertheless...
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Keywords:
Causal Inference;
Partial Interference;
Synthetic Controls;
Bayesian Structural Time Series;
Mathematical Methods
Menchetti, Fiammetta, and Iavor Bojinov. "Estimating the Effectiveness of Permanent Price Reductions for Competing Products Using Multivariate Bayesian Structural Time Series Models." Annals of Applied Statistics 16, no. 1 (March 2022): 414–435.
- February 2022 (Revised September 2022)
- Case
InstaDeep: AI Innovation Born in Africa (A)
By: Shikhar Ghosh and Esel Çekin
Karim Beguir and Zohra Slim were the co-founders of InstaDeep, a deep tech startup focusing on artificial intelligence (AI) solutions. Instadeep was one of the few companies globally that were partnering with DeepMind, an AI subsidiary of Google [Alphabet Inc.]....
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Keywords:
AI;
Artificial Intelligence;
Entrepreneurship;
Operations;
Business Subsidiaries;
Brands and Branding;
Innovation and Invention;
Growth and Development Strategy;
AI and Machine Learning;
Technology Industry;
Africa
Ghosh, Shikhar, and Esel Çekin. "InstaDeep: AI Innovation Born in Africa (A)." Harvard Business School Case 822-104, February 2022. (Revised September 2022.)