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All HBS Web
(1,603)
- Faculty Publications (101)
- November 2014
- Article
The Dynamics of Firm Lobbying
By: William R. Kerr, William F. Lincoln and Prachi Mishra
We study the determinants of the dynamics of firm lobbying behavior using a panel data set covering 1998–2006. Our data exhibit three striking facts: (i) few firms lobby, (ii) lobbying status is strongly associated with firm size, and (iii) lobbying status is highly...
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Keywords:
Lobbying;
Political Economy;
H-1B;
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Policy;
Immigration
Kerr, William R., William F. Lincoln, and Prachi Mishra. "The Dynamics of Firm Lobbying." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 6, no. 4 (November 2014): 343–379.
- Article
Toward Resource Independence—Why State-Owned Entities Become Multinationals: An Empirical Study of India's Public R&D Laboratories
By: Prithwiraj Choudhury and Tarun Khanna
In this paper, we build on the standard resource dependence theory and its departure suggested by Vernon to offer a novel explanation for why state-owned entities (SOEs) might seek a global footprint and global cash flows: to achieve resource independence from...
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Keywords:
Multinational Firms and Management;
Resource Allocation;
Supply Chain;
State Ownership;
Growth and Development Strategy;
India
Choudhury, Prithwiraj, and Tarun Khanna. "Toward Resource Independence—Why State-Owned Entities Become Multinationals: An Empirical Study of India's Public R&D Laboratories." Special Issue on Governments as Owners: Globalizing State-Owned Enterprises edited by Alvaro Cuervo-Cazurra, Andrew Inkpen, Aldo Musacchio and Kannan Ramaswamy. Journal of International Business Studies 45, no. 8 (October–November 2014): 943–960.
- September 2014
- Article
OSHA Inspections Should Be Welcome: Results from a Natural Field Experiment in California
By: David I. Levine and Michael W. Toffel
For companies with strong internal occupational safety and health auditing programs, OSHA inspections might seem a formality that risk uncovering, at most, nitpicky deviations from the thousands of pages of safety regulations. For those with poor safety practices, OSHA...
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Keywords:
Business and Government Relations;
Operations;
Safety;
Governance Compliance;
United States;
California
Levine, David I., and Michael W. Toffel. "OSHA Inspections Should Be Welcome: Results from a Natural Field Experiment in California." The Compass (Newsletter of the American Society of Safety Engineers) 14, no. 1 (September 2014): 4.
- 2014
- Working Paper
Entrepreneurship as Experimentation
By: William R. Kerr, Ramana Nanda and Matthew Rhodes-Kropf
Entrepreneurship research is on the rise but many questions about its fundamental nature still exist. We argue that entrepreneurship is about experimentation: the probabilities of success are low, extremely skewed and unknowable until an investment is made. At a macro...
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Kerr, William R., Ramana Nanda, and Matthew Rhodes-Kropf. "Entrepreneurship as Experimentation." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 15-005, July 2014.
- Article
Entrepreneurship as Experimentation
By: William R. Kerr, Ramana Nanda and Matthew Rhodes-Kropf
Entrepreneurship research is on the rise, but many questions about its fundamental nature still exist. We argue that entrepreneurship is about experimentation: the probabilities of success are low, extremely skewed, and unknowable until an investment is made. At a...
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Kerr, William R., Ramana Nanda, and Matthew Rhodes-Kropf. "Entrepreneurship as Experimentation." Journal of Economic Perspectives 28, no. 3 (Summer 2014): 25–48.
- 2014
- Working Paper
The Organizational and Geographic Drivers of Absorptive Capacity: An Empirical Analysis of Pharmaceutical R&D Laboratories
By: Francesca Lazzeri and Gary P. Pisano
Scholars and practitioners alike now recognize that a firm's capacity to assimilate and use know-how from external sources—what Cohen and Levinthal (1990) called "absorptive capacity"—plays a central role in innovation performance. In recent years, a common strategy...
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Keywords:
Geographic Location;
Industry Clusters;
Knowledge Acquisition;
Pharmaceutical Industry;
San Francisco;
San Diego;
Massachusetts
Lazzeri, Francesca, and Gary P. Pisano. "The Organizational and Geographic Drivers of Absorptive Capacity: An Empirical Analysis of Pharmaceutical R&D Laboratories." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 14-098, April 2014.
- 2018
- Working Paper
Information Provision and Innovation: Natural Experiment of Herbal Patent Prior Art Adoption at the United States and European Patent Offices
By: Prithwiraj Choudhury and Tarun Khanna
We exploit a natural experiment to study how codifying information about prior innovation affects subsequent innovation. A codified database of traditional Indian herbal formulations was adopted by the European Patent Office (EPO) and the U.S. Patent and Trademark...
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Keywords:
Patents;
Plant-Based Agribusiness;
Ethnicity;
Health Care and Treatment;
Pharmaceutical Industry;
Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry;
China;
India
Choudhury, Prithwiraj, and Tarun Khanna. "Information Provision and Innovation: Natural Experiment of Herbal Patent Prior Art Adoption at the United States and European Patent Offices." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 14-079, February 2014. (Revised January 2018.)
- February 2014
- Article
Gender Differences in Willingness to Guess
We present the results of an experiment that explores whether women are less willing than men to guess on multiple-choice tests. Our test consists of practice questions from SAT II subject tests; we vary whether a penalty is imposed for a wrong answer and the salience...
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Keywords:
Behavioral Decision Making;
Microeconomic Behavior;
Education Systems;
Behavior;
Decision Choices and Conditions;
Gender;
Economics
Coffman, Katherine Baldiga. "Gender Differences in Willingness to Guess." Management Science 60, no. 2 (February 2014): 434–448.
- December 2013
- Article
How Do Staggered Boards Affect Shareholder Value? Evidence from a Natural Experiment
By: Alma Cohen and Charles C.Y. Wang
The well-established negative correlation between staggered boards (SBs) and firm value could be due to SBs leading to lower value or a reflection of low-value firms' greater propensity to maintain SBs. We analyze the causal question using a natural experiment...
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Keywords:
Staggered Board;
Takeover Defense;
Antitakeover Provision;
Proxy Fight;
Tobin's;
Firm Value;
Agency Cost;
Delaware;
Chancery Court;
Airgas;
Governing and Advisory Boards;
Corporate Governance
Cohen, Alma, and Charles C.Y. Wang. "How Do Staggered Boards Affect Shareholder Value? Evidence from a Natural Experiment." Journal of Financial Economics 110, no. 3 (December 2013): 627–641.
- April 2013
- Case
Sterling Household Products Company
By: William E. Fruhan and Craig Stephenson
Sterling Household Products manufactures and markets a broad line of consumer goods from laundry soap and cosmetics to cleaning, disinfecting, and sanitizing products. The company has many highly regarded brand names and consistently reports impressive sales and...
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Fruhan, William E., and Craig Stephenson. "Sterling Household Products Company." Harvard Business School Brief Case 913-556, April 2013.
- Spring 2013
- Article
Salience in Quality Disclosure: Evidence from the U.S. News College Rankings
By: Michael Luca and Jonathan Smith
How do rankings affect demand? This paper investigates the impact of college rankings, and the visibility of those rankings, on students' application decisions. Using natural experiments from U.S. News and World Report College Rankings, we present two main...
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Luca, Michael, and Jonathan Smith. "Salience in Quality Disclosure: Evidence from the U.S. News College Rankings." Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 22, no. 1 (Spring 2013): 58–77.
- February 2013
- Article
Does Shareholder Proxy Access Improve Firm Value? Evidence from the Business Roundtable Challenge
By: Bo Becker, Guhan Subramanian and Daniel B. Bergstresser
We use the Business Roundtable's challenge to the SEC's 2010 proxy access rule as a natural experiment to measure the value of shareholder proxy access. We find that firms that would have been most vulnerable to proxy access, as measured by institutional ownership and...
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Becker, Bo, Guhan Subramanian, and Daniel B. Bergstresser. "Does Shareholder Proxy Access Improve Firm Value? Evidence from the Business Roundtable Challenge." Journal of Law & Economics 56, no. 1 (February 2013): 127–160.
- February 2013
- Article
Exceptional Boards: Environmental Experience and Positive Deviance from Institutional Norms
By: Judith Walls and Andrew J. Hoffman
This paper explores the phenomenon of positive organizational deviance from institutional norms by establishing practices that protect or enhance the natural environment. Seeking to explain why some organizations practice positive environmental deviance while others do...
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Keywords:
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Networks;
Organizational Culture;
Governing and Advisory Boards;
Environmental Management
Walls, Judith, and Andrew J. Hoffman. "Exceptional Boards: Environmental Experience and Positive Deviance from Institutional Norms." Special Issue on Greening Organizational Behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior 34, no. 2 (February 2013): 253–271.
- 2012
- Working Paper
Can Implicit Regulation Change Financial Market Behavior? Evidence from Spitzer's Attack on Market Timers
This paper explores a natural experiment setup from the 2003-2004 mutual fund scandals to evaluate the effectiveness of implicit regulation on financial markets behavior. On average, buy-and-hold investors lost 218 basis points annually from 1998 to 2002 to market...
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- May 18, 2012
- Article
Randomized Government Safety Inspections Reduce Worker Injuries with No Detectable Job Loss
By: David I Levine, Michael W. Toffel and Matthew S. Johnson
Controversy surrounds occupational health and safety regulators, with some observers claiming that workplace regulations damage firms' competitiveness and destroy jobs and others arguing that they make workplaces safer at little cost to employers and employees. We...
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Keywords:
Regulation;
Occupational Safety;
Evaluation;
Regression;
Matching;
Difference In Differences;
Safety;
Health;
Working Conditions;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Competitive Advantage;
Performance;
Manufacturing Industry;
California
Levine, David I., Michael W. Toffel, and Matthew S. Johnson. "Randomized Government Safety Inspections Reduce Worker Injuries with No Detectable Job Loss." Science 336, no. 6083 (May 18, 2012): 907–911. (Online supplement (appendix). Featured in an article by the head of US OSHA, and in U.S. News & World Report and many other news outlets. Basis of U.S. Congressional testimony on promoting safe workplaces.)
- 2013
- Working Paper
The Dynamics of Firm Lobbying
By: William R. Kerr, William F. Lincoln and Prachi Mishra
We study the determinants of the dynamics of firm lobbying behavior using a panel data set covering 1998–2006. Our data exhibit three striking facts: (i) few firms lobby, (ii) lobbying status is strongly associated with firm size, and (iii) lobbying status is highly...
View Details
Keywords:
Lobbying;
Political Economy;
H-1B;
Business Ventures;
Policy;
Government Legislation;
Immigration;
Business and Government Relations;
Research;
Prejudice and Bias
Kerr, William R., William F. Lincoln, and Prachi Mishra. "The Dynamics of Firm Lobbying." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 12-034, October 2011. (Revised August 2013.)
- August 2011
- Supplement
InnoCentive.com (C)
By: Karim R. Lakhani and Eric Lonstein
InnoCentive.com enables clients to tap into internal and external solver networks to address various business issues. This case focuses on the outcome of InnoCentive's decision to post challenges related to environmental issues created by the Gulf Oil Spill. It reviews...
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Keywords:
Innovation and Invention;
Networks;
Decisions;
Outcome or Result;
Pollutants;
Natural Disasters;
Natural Environment;
Japan
Lakhani, Karim R., and Eric Lonstein. "InnoCentive.com (C)." Harvard Business School Supplement 612-027, August 2011.
- 2011
- Book
Detour: My Unexpected, Amazing, Life Changing Journey With OnStar
By: Chet Huber
Detour is the story behind the launch of OnStar’s now well known blue button, as told through the eyes of its founder and CEO of over fourteen years, Chet Huber. It’s a personal narrative that describes the events that led up to General Motors’ unexpected choice...
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Keywords:
General Motors;
OnStar;
Technological Innovation;
Business Startups;
Transportation;
Safety;
Personal Development and Career;
Creativity;
Success;
Business History;
Auto Industry
Huber, Chet. Detour: My Unexpected, Amazing, Life Changing Journey With OnStar. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2011.
- 2011
- Article
Group Size and Incentives to Contribute: A Natural Experiment at Chinese Wikipedia
By: Michael Zhang and Feng Zhu
In this paper, we examine the causal relationship between group size and incentives to contribute in the setting of Chinese Wikipedia, the Chinese language version of an online encyclopedia that relies entirely on voluntary contributions. The group at Chinese Wikipedia...
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Keywords:
Rights;
Motivation and Incentives;
Internet and the Web;
Valuation;
Groups and Teams;
Knowledge Sharing;
Behavior;
Satisfaction;
Size;
Government and Politics;
Economics;
Information Technology Industry;
Hong Kong;
Taiwan;
Singapore
Zhang, Michael, and Feng Zhu. "Group Size and Incentives to Contribute: A Natural Experiment at Chinese Wikipedia." American Economic Review 101, no. 4 (June 2011): 1601–1615.
- December 2010 (Revised March 2013)
- Case
Asian Agri and the Future of Palm Oil
By: David E. Bell and Natalie Kindred
For Asian Agri and other Indonesian palm oil producers, the future promised rising demand from fast-growing Asian populations, but also intensifying criticism from environmental groups. With the highest yield and lowest production cost of any edible oil, palm oil...
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Keywords:
Plant-Based Agribusiness;
Social Marketing;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Business Strategy;
Supply Chain Management;
Natural Environment;
Marketing Strategy;
Environmental Sustainability;
Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry;
Indonesia;
Malaysia
Bell, David E., and Natalie Kindred. "Asian Agri and the Future of Palm Oil." Harvard Business School Case 511-015, December 2010. (Revised March 2013.)