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All HBS Web
(544)
- News (62)
- Research (414)
- Events (4)
- Multimedia (2)
- Faculty Publications (86)
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- April 2013 (Revised August 2015)
- Background Note
Comparative Advantage
The theory of comparative advantage is a factor in international trade. In this note, we introduce the basic economics of comparative advantage and study its key implications.
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Keywords:
Comparative Advantage;
Economics;
International Trade;
Trade;
Cooperation;
Business and Government Relations
Weinzierl, Matthew. "Comparative Advantage." Harvard Business School Background Note 713-080, April 2013. (Revised August 2015.)
- July 1986 (Revised August 1987)
- Background Note
Note on Comparative Advantage
By: David B. Yoffie and John J. Coleman
Discusses David Ricardo's theory of comparative advantage and the refinement of his model developed by Eli Heckscher and Bertil Ohlin. Presents several criticisms of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory, including Wassily Leontief's empirical demonstration that the nature of...
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Yoffie, David B., and John J. Coleman. "Note on Comparative Advantage." Harvard Business School Background Note 387-023, July 1986. (Revised August 1987.)
- July 1986 (Revised April 1989)
- Background Note
Note on Sources of Comparative Advantage
By: David B. Yoffie and John J. Coleman
After Eli Heckscher and Bertil Ohlin's propositions about the sources of comparative advantage were empirically challenged by Wassily Leontief, scholars set out to explain the "Leontief paradox" by developing alternative theories on the sources of comparative...
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Keywords:
Competitive Advantage
Yoffie, David B., and John J. Coleman. "Note on Sources of Comparative Advantage." Harvard Business School Background Note 387-024, July 1986. (Revised April 1989.)
- June 1996 (Revised November 1996)
- Background Note
Economic Gains from Trade: Comparative Advantage
By: Robert E. Kennedy and Nancy F. Koehn
How nations trade and whether they benefit from it are two of the oldest and most important questions in political economy. In the 170 years since David Ricardo formally developed the theory of comparative advantage, it has become one of the principles most widely...
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Kennedy, Robert E., and Nancy F. Koehn. "Economic Gains from Trade: Comparative Advantage." Harvard Business School Background Note 796-183, June 1996. (Revised November 1996.)
- 22 Oct 2014
- Research & Ideas
An Economic Principle For Us All: Comparative Advantage
great principles in economics: the concept of comparative advantage and how it influences everything from nations to house painters. —Sean Silverthorne book excerpt A Brief Aside On The Theory Of View Details
Keywords:
Re: David A. Moss
- Article
U.K. FDI and the Comparative Advantage of the U.K.
By: G. Jones, J. H. Dunning and L. Nachum
Keywords:
United Kingdom
Jones, G., J. H. Dunning, and L. Nachum. "U.K. FDI and the Comparative Advantage of the U.K." World Economy 23, no. 5 (May 2000): 701–720.
- October 2013
- Case
Advantage Partners: Dia Kanri (A)
By: Paul A. Gompers, Nobuo Sato and Akiko Kanno
This case explores the opportunity to purchase the condominium management business of a distressed real estate developer by Advantage Partners, a leading Japanese private equity firm. The case explores investment structuring, bidding strategy, and the ability of...
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Keywords:
Private Equity;
LBO;
Roll-up;
Investment;
Financing;
Condominium Management;
Leveraged Buyouts;
Asia
Gompers, Paul A., Nobuo Sato, and Akiko Kanno. "Advantage Partners: Dia Kanri (A)." Harvard Business School Case 214-016, October 2013.
- February 2018
- Article
Heterogeneous Technology Diffusion and Ricardian Trade Patterns
By: William R. Kerr
This study tests the importance of Ricardian technology differences for international trade. The empirical analysis has three comparative advantages: including emerging and advanced economies, isolating panel variation regarding the link between productivity and...
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Keywords:
Exports;
Comparative Advantage;
Technological Transfer;
Innovation;
Networks;
Patents;
Residency;
Technology Adoption;
Trade;
Research and Development;
Immigration;
United States
Kerr, William R. "Heterogeneous Technology Diffusion and Ricardian Trade Patterns." World Bank Economic Review 32, no. 1 (February 2018): 163–182.
- 2013
- Working Paper
Heterogeneous Technology Diffusion and Ricardian Trade Patterns
By: William R. Kerr
This study tests the importance of Ricardian technology differences for international trade. The empirical analysis has three comparative advantages: including emerging and advanced economies, isolating panel variation regarding the link between productivity and...
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Keywords:
Exports;
Comparative Advantage;
Technological Transfer;
Innovation;
Networks;
Patents;
Residency;
Technology Adoption;
Trade;
Research and Development;
Immigration;
United States
Kerr, William R. "Heterogeneous Technology Diffusion and Ricardian Trade Patterns." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 14-039, November 2013. (NBER Working Paper Series, No. 19657, November 2013.)
- 2019
- Working Paper
Migrant Inventors and the Technological Advantage of Nations
We investigate the relationship between the presence of migrant inventors and the dynamics of innovation in the migrants’ receiving countries. We find that countries are 25% to 50% more likely to gain advantage in patenting in certain technologies given a twofold...
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Keywords:
Innovation;
Migration;
Patent;
Immigration;
Innovation and Invention;
Patents;
Information Technology;
Knowledge Dissemination
Bahar, Dany, Prithwiraj Choudhury, and Hillel Rapoport. "Migrant Inventors and the Technological Advantage of Nations." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-119, May 2019.
- March 2014 (Revised June 2015)
- Case
Can Mexico Make Democracy Work?
By: Gunnar Trumbull and Jonathan Schlefer
Enrique Peña Nieto, the presidential candidate of the old Mexican ruling party elected in 2012, passed the most fundamental reforms in at least two decades. They included allowing private competition in the energy sector, including with the state-owned oil company,...
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Keywords:
Democratization;
Economic Development;
Competition Policy;
Exchange Rates;
Comparative Advantage;
Growth and Development;
Government Legislation;
Political Elections;
Economic Growth;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Energy Industry;
Communications Industry;
Banking Industry;
Latin America;
Mexico
Trumbull, Gunnar, and Jonathan Schlefer. "Can Mexico Make Democracy Work?" Harvard Business School Case 714-049, March 2014. (Revised June 2015.)
- September 2013
- Teaching Note
Trader Joe's
By: David L. Ager and Michael A. Roberto
Based on a variety of metrics, Trader Joe's ranked as one of the most successful grocers in the United States in 2013. Experts estimated that the company had the highest sales per square foot of any major grocery chain, even significantly higher than top performer...
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- 26 May 2010
- Working Paper Summaries
Unraveling Results from Comparable Demand and Supply: An Experimental Investigation
- 2021
- Working Paper
Time Dependency, Data Flow, and Competitive Advantage
Data is fundamental to machine learning-based products and services and is considered strategic due to its externalities for businesses, governments, non-profits, and more generally for society. It is renowned that the value of organizations (businesses, government...
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Keywords:
Economics Of AI;
Value Of Data;
Perishability;
Time Dependency;
Flow Of Data;
Data Strategy;
Analytics and Data Science;
Value;
Strategy;
Competitive Advantage
Valavi, Ehsan, Joel Hestness, Marco Iansiti, Newsha Ardalani, Feng Zhu, and Karim R. Lakhani. "Time Dependency, Data Flow, and Competitive Advantage." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-099, March 2021.
- October 2019 (Revised October 2019)
- Case
Epic Games
By: Andy Wu and Christopher Zhang
Epic Games entered a stagnant market with its PC-games digital storefront in 2018, in the context of incumbent competitors such as Steam, its meteoric rise via Fortnite, and imminent industry shifts in gaming distribution. On the surface, Epic Games Store’s competitive...
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Keywords:
Industry Analysis;
Video Games;
Platforms;
Comparative Advantage;
Growth Strategy;
Innovation Focused Strategy;
Pricing Strategy;
Strategy;
Competition;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Innovation Strategy;
Games, Gaming, and Gambling;
Digital Platforms;
Technology Industry
Wu, Andy, and Christopher Zhang. "Epic Games." Harvard Business School Case 720-380, October 2019. (Revised October 2019.)
- 2020
- Chapter
Business, Ethics and Institutions. The Evolution of Turkish Capitalism in a Comparative Perspective
By: Asli M. Colpan and Geoffrey Jones
This chapter offers a survey of the evolution of Turkish capitalism from the 19th century Ottoman Empire until the present day. It shows that Turkish business over the last century and a half was shaped in an institutional context similar to those in many developing...
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Keywords:
Business Groups;
Capitalism;
Entrepreneurship;
Ethics;
Government and Politics;
History;
Religion;
Business History;
Turkey;
Central Asia;
Middle East
Colpan, Asli M., and Geoffrey Jones. "Business, Ethics and Institutions. The Evolution of Turkish Capitalism in a Comparative Perspective." Chap. 1 in Business, Ethics and Institutions: The Evolution of Turkish Capitalism in Global Perspectives, edited by Asli M. Colpan and Geoffrey Jones, 3–22. New York: Routledge, 2020.
- 31 Aug 2007
- Working Paper Summaries
Innovation through Global Collaboration: A New Source of Competitive Advantage
- 07 Jun 2023
- HBS Case
3 Ways to Gain a Competitive Advantage Now: Lessons from Amazon, Chipotle, and Facebook
competitive advantage and capture more value in two main ways—by increasing the customer’s willingness to pay or decreasing the minimum compensation paid to employees and suppliers. “If you can keep that gap wide enough, then you are...
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Keywords:
by Michael Blanding
- 07 Feb 2019
- Working Paper Summaries
Immigrant Networking and Collaboration: Survey Evidence from CIC
Keywords:
by Sari Pekkala Kerr and William R. Kerr
- 09 Jan 2018
- Working Paper Summaries