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All HBS Web
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- Research (19)
- Faculty Publications (13)
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- May 2021
- Case
The International Space Station, Principal-Agent Problems, and NASA's Quest to Keep Humans in Space
By: Matthew Weinzierl and Mehak Sarang
In building the International Space Station (ISS), NASA opened the door to the development of a robust in-space economy in low-Earth Orbit, and yet the decision to build the station, and continue to extend its lifetime, placed a huge burden on NASA’s Human Spaceflight...
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Keywords:
Aerospace;
Nasa;
Space Economy;
Principal-agent Theory;
Policy;
Commercialization;
Aerospace Industry
Weinzierl, Matthew, and Mehak Sarang. "The International Space Station, Principal-Agent Problems, and NASA's Quest to Keep Humans in Space." Harvard Business School Case 721-054, May 2021.
- 2020
- Article
A Practical Approach to Sales Compensation: What Do We Know Now? What Should We Know in the Future?
By: Doug J. Chung, Byungyeon Kim and Niladri B. Syam
Personal selling represents one of the most important elements in the marketing mix, and appropriate management of the sales force is vital to achieving the organization’s objectives. Among the various instruments of sales management, compensation plays a pivotal role...
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Keywords:
Sales Compensation;
Sales Management;
Sales Strategy;
Principal-agent Theory;
Structural Econometrics;
Field Experiments;
Machine Learning;
Artificial Intelligence;
Salesforce Management;
Compensation and Benefits;
Motivation and Incentives;
AI and Machine Learning
Chung, Doug J., Byungyeon Kim, and Niladri B. Syam. "A Practical Approach to Sales Compensation: What Do We Know Now? What Should We Know in the Future?" Foundations and Trends® in Marketing 14, no. 1 (2020): 1–52.
- April 2024
- Article
Decision Authority and the Returns to Algorithms
By: Hyunjin Kim, Edward L. Glaeser, Andrew Hillis, Scott Duke Kominers and Michael Luca
We evaluate a pilot in an Inspections Department to explore the returns to a pair of algorithms that varied in their sophistication. We find that both algorithms provided substantial prediction gains, suggesting that even simple data may be helpful. However, these...
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Keywords:
Algorithmic Aversion;
Algorithmic Decision Making;
Algorithms;
Public Entrepreneurship;
Govenment;
Local Government;
Crowdsourcing;
Crowdsourcing Contests;
Inspection;
Principal-agent Theory;
Government Administration;
Decision Making;
Public Administration Industry;
United States
Kim, Hyunjin, Edward L. Glaeser, Andrew Hillis, Scott Duke Kominers, and Michael Luca. "Decision Authority and the Returns to Algorithms." Strategic Management Journal 45, no. 4 (April 2024): 619–648.
- April 2000
- Background Note
Aligning Incentives for Supply Chain Efficiency
By: V.G. Narayanan and Ananth Raman
Introduces students to the basics of principal-agency theory as it applies to supply chains. Operational problems in supply chains can often be traced to incentive issues. Students and managers lack frameworks to analyze incentive problems in supply chains. This note...
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Keywords:
Supply Chain Management;
Motivation and Incentives;
Framework;
Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques;
Agency Theory
Narayanan, V.G., and Ananth Raman. "Aligning Incentives for Supply Chain Efficiency." Harvard Business School Background Note 600-110, April 2000.
- June 2004 (Revised January 2005)
- Background Note
Principals, Agents, and Partners
By: Arthur I Segel, Armen Panossian and Jeff Mandelbaum
The establishment of the principal-agent relationship, the duties owed by the agent to the principal, and the principal's liability for illegal actions or representations made by the agent are all examined. Also covers the creation of partnerships and the duties of...
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Segel, Arthur I., Armen Panossian, and Jeff Mandelbaum. "Principals, Agents, and Partners." Harvard Business School Background Note 804-186, June 2004. (Revised January 2005.)
- 2010
- Working Paper
Agency Revisited
By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Daniel F. Spulber
The article presents a comprehensive overview of the principal-agent model that emphasizes the role of trust in the agency relationship. The analysis demonstrates that the legal remedy for breach of duty can result in a full-information efficient outcome eliminating...
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Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, and Daniel F. Spulber. "Agency Revisited." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 10-082, March 2010.
- March 2007
- Article
Authority, Risk, and Performance Incentives: Evidence from Division Manager Positions inside Firms
By: Julie Wulf
I show that performance incentives vary by decision-making authority of division managers. For division managers with broader authority, i.e., those designated as corporate officers, both the sensitivity of pay to global performance measures and the relative importance...
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Keywords:
Motivation and Incentives;
Performance;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Business Model;
Globalization;
Measurement and Metrics;
Status and Position;
Forecasting and Prediction;
Business Divisions
Wulf, Julie. "Authority, Risk, and Performance Incentives: Evidence from Division Manager Positions inside Firms." Journal of Industrial Economics 55, no. 1 (March 2007): 169–196.
- August 2013
- Article
The Price of Diversifiable Risk in Venture Capital and Private Equity
By: Michael Ewens, Charles Jones and Matthew Rhodes-Kropf
This paper explores the private equity and venture capital (VC) markets and extends the standard principal-agent problem between the investors and venture capitalist to show how it alters the interaction between the venture capitalist and the entrepreneur. Since the...
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Keywords:
Price;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Venture Capital;
Private Equity;
Contracts;
Investment;
Competition;
Agency Theory;
Investment Return;
Forecasting and Prediction;
Theory;
Diversification
Ewens, Michael, Charles Jones, and Matthew Rhodes-Kropf. "The Price of Diversifiable Risk in Venture Capital and Private Equity." Review of Financial Studies 26, no. 8 (August 2013): 1854–1889.
- Article
Trust and Incentives in Agency
By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Daniel F Spulber
Contracts between a principal and an agent are not formed in a vacuum. Although formal contracts between a principal and an agent contain explicit incentives for performance, the relationship between a principal and an agent also involves implicit incentives. Three...
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Keywords:
Trust;
Motivation and Incentives;
Agency Theory;
Contracts;
Market Transactions;
Performance;
Relationships;
Societal Protocols;
Legal Liability;
Cost
Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, and Daniel F Spulber. "Trust and Incentives in Agency." Southern California Interdisciplinary Law Journal 15, no. 1 (Fall 2005): 45–104.
- September 2004
- Article
Trust in Agency
Existing models of the principal-agent relationship assume the agent works only under extrinsic incentives. However, many observed agency contracts take the form of a fixed payment. For such contracts to succeed, the principal must trust the agent to work in the...
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Keywords:
Trust;
Agency Theory;
Relationships;
Behavior;
Motivation and Incentives;
Contracts;
Business Model;
Emotions;
Forecasting and Prediction;
Ethics;
Standards;
Risk and Uncertainty
Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon. "Trust in Agency." Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 13, no. 3 (September 2004): 375–404.
- Article
Mission-Driven Governance
By: Raymond Fisman, Rakesh Khurana and Edward Martenson
The purpose of this paper is to provide a useful, easily applied theory of governance performance. The existing model is fundamentally adversarial, rooted in the paradigm of principal-agent conflict. At its base is an image of governance as a never-ending struggle... View Details
Keywords:
Corporate Governance;
Governing and Advisory Boards;
Knowledge Management;
Standards;
Mission and Purpose;
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Performance Effectiveness;
Performance Evaluation
Fisman, Raymond, Rakesh Khurana, and Edward Martenson. "Mission-Driven Governance." Stanford Social Innovation Review 7, no. 3 (Summer 2009).
- 30 Oct 2006
- First Look
First Look: October 31, 2006
international economic and financial crises highlights the need for a comprehensive framework to assess the robustness of national economic and financial systems. This paper proposes a new comprehensive approach to measure, analyze, and manage macroeconomic risk based...
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Keywords:
Sean Silverthorne
- Research Summary
Research
The founding and expansion of new firms is central to innovation and economic growth, but the determinants of a new idea’s success are difficult to ascertain. The decision to form a new firm and its ultimate outcome are impacted by ownership structure, financing... View Details
- Web
Business History - Faculty & Research
market economies such as the United States. This article finds instead that regional influences were more important, supporting sociological theories about the importance of visibility in corporate green strategies. It identifies major...
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- 14 Dec 2010
- First Look
First Look: Dec. 14
Carliss Y. Baldwin Abstract The existing theory of modularity explains how modular designs create value. We extend this theory to address value appropriation. A product or process design that is modular with...
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Keywords:
Sean Silverthorne
- 14 Apr 2003
- Research & Ideas
Andy Grove on the Confident Leader
to write and teach in a way that helps people develop an intuition for looking into the future clearly. If you only look into it through the lenses of the past, it's very hard. I have a theory of why we've had this spate of horrible...
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- 31 Jan 2017
- First Look
First Look at New Research: January 31, 2017
Management Theory By: Bernstein, Ethan Abstract—Observation is key to management scholarship and practice. Yet a holistic view of its role in management has been elusive, in part due to shifting terminology. The current popularity of the...
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Keywords:
Carmen Nobel
- 04 Jun 2013
- First Look
First Look: June 4
Private Equity By: Ewens, Michael, Charles M. Jones, and Matthew Rhodes-Kropf Abstract—This paper explores the private equity and venture capital (VC) markets and extends the standard principal-agent problem between the investors and...
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Keywords:
Sean Silverthorne
- 11 Dec 2012
- First Look
First Look: Dec. 11
individuals, subgroups, and teams perform. Paper: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/books.htm?issn=1534-0856&volume=15 The Political Economy of Bilateral Foreign Aid Author:Werker, Eric D. Publication:In Handbook of Safeguarding Global Financial Stability: Political,...
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Keywords:
Sean Silverthorne
- 13 Jan 2009
- First Look
First Look: January 13, 2009
Publication:Stanford Social Innovation Review (forthcoming) Abstract The purpose of this paper is to provide a useful, easily applied theory of governance performance. The existing model is fundamentally adversarial, rooted in the...
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Keywords:
Martha Lagace