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- All HBS Web (296)
- Faculty Publications (137)
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- 16 Sep 2008
- First Look
First Look: September 16, 2008
multi-sided markets. In this paper we argue that there is a fundamental unity in the architecture of platforms. Platform architectures are modularizations of complex systems in which certain components (the platform itself) remain stable,...
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- 23 Aug 2004
- Research & Ideas
Strategy for Small Fish
focused niche strategy have an ultimate advantage in the creation of novelty. This is partly because a focused new idea can more closely correspond to a new firm than is possible in vertical or modular industry structures: Everything...
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by Marco Iansiti & Roy Levien
- 26 Jul 2010
- Research & Ideas
Yes, You Can Raise Prices in a Downturn
including 40 kinds of cheesecake. The average per-person check and return visits per restaurant are an estimated 50 percent higher than the industry average. In the kitchen, a modular menu process (revised every six months) keeps costs...
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- 04 Jan 2012
- First Look
First Look: January 4
While analyzing one deal requires a familiar conceptual framework, doing the same for a broader "negotiation campaign" calls for a different focus and set of concepts: how to orchestrate a large number of subsidiary deals, often grouped into View Details
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Carmen Nobel
- 18 Sep 2007
- First Look
First Look: September 18, 2007
boundaries and high in their interiors. Several novel implications arise from this work. Among these: Modularizations create new module boundaries, hence new transaction locations where entry and competition can arise. Areas in the task...
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Martha Lagace
- 28 Oct 2008
- First Look
First Look: October 28, 2008
teams tend to develop products with more modular architectures. Furthermore, the differences between systems are substantial—the pairs we examine vary by a factor of eight, in terms of the potential for a design change to propagate to...
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Martha Lagace
- 18 Mar 2008
- First Look
First Look: March 18, 2008
organization, specifically, closed-source (or proprietary) versus open-source (or distributed) development. Our results reveal significant differences in modularity, consistent with a view that distributed teams tend to develop more View Details
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Martha Lagace
- 23 Feb 2010
- First Look
First Look: Feb. 23
supplying superior bottleneck components while outsourcing non-bottleneck components. I show that a firm pursuing this strategy will have a higher return on invested capital (ROIC) than competitors with a less modular design. Over time,...
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Martha Lagace
- 22 Jul 2019
- Book
How to Be a Digital Platform Leader
in such a way that it has “hooks” for outside firms to connect (like application programming interfaces for software platforms). Second, it must also be modular enough in design for outsiders to add significant innovations. Third, the...
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by Martha Lagace
- 17 Oct 2017
- First Look
First Look at New Research and Ideas, October 17, 2017
architecture and IT agility. In particular, we use modular systems theory to examine how different types of coupling impact the ability to maintain, retire, and commission new software applications. We test our hypotheses with a unique...
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Sean Silverthorne
- 28 Aug 2007
- First Look
First Look: August 28, 2007
rapid appearance of clones drove a high level of standardization and modularity in the industry, and value was distributed along the value chain depending on levels of competition and ability to substitute components at each level. On the...
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Martha Lagace
- 12 Feb 2008
- First Look
First Look: February 12, 2007
the thin crossing points of the task network, which correspond to module boundaries. Therefore, transactions are more likely to be located at module boundaries than in their interiors. Several implications arise from this theory. Among these: View Details
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Martha Lagace
- 07 Feb 2012
- First Look
First Look: February 7
hypothesis predicts that these different organizational forms will produce products with distinctly different architectures. Specifically, loosely coupled organizations will develop more modular designs than tightly coupled organizations....
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Sean Silverthorne
- 28 Oct 2014
- First Look
First Look: October 28
boundaries and property rights in a technical system. Bottlenecks are points of value creation and capture in any complex man-made system. The tools a firm can use to manage bottlenecks are first, an understanding of the modular structure...
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Carmen Nobel
- 06 Mar 2012
- First Look
First Look: March 6
separated from manufacturing. When modularity is low, product designs can't be clearly specified and design choices affect manufacturing processes in subtle, difficult-to-predict ways (and vice versa). The second is the maturity of the...
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Sean Silverthorne
- 02 Feb 2010
- First Look
First Look: Feb. 2
firms, less strongly across firms, and often violated in community-based development settings. The exceptions in turn were of two types: In four cases, closely collaborating teams within single firms created modular systems comprised of...
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Martha Lagace
- 12 Sep 2006
- First Look
First Look: September 12, 2006
dynamic strategy that can be employed by firms capable of architectural innovation. The strategy involves using knowledge of the bottlenecks in an architecture together with the modular operator "splitting" to shrink the...
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Sean Silverthorne