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All HBS Web
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- Faculty Publications (1,156)
Ethics →
- August 2023 (Revised November 2023)
- Case
Accounting Outages at Plug Power? (A)
By: Jonas Heese, Joseph Pacelli and James Barnett
Set immediately after a December 2019 short-seller attack, the case explores Plug Power’s long challenging history. It then focuses on two key issues raised in the short-seller report related to lease accounting and stock warrants that Plug purportedly used to boost...
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Keywords:
Environmental Accounting;
Financial Reporting;
Ethics;
Management;
Social Enterprise;
Investment;
Stocks;
Energy Industry;
Green Technology Industry;
United States;
Europe
Heese, Jonas, Joseph Pacelli, and James Barnett. "Accounting Outages at Plug Power? (A)." Harvard Business School Case 124-009, August 2023. (Revised November 2023.)
- August 2023 (Revised November 2023)
- Supplement
Accounting Outages at Plug Power? (B)
By: Jonas Heese, Joseph Pacelli and James Barnett
The case is set in spring 2021, immediately after Plug Power made financial restatements dating back to 2018. The case describes the restatements, which revealed that Plug was reclassifying expense items to boost gross profits.
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Keywords:
Environmental Accounting;
Financial Reporting;
Ethics;
Profit;
Management;
Social Enterprise;
Energy Industry;
Green Technology Industry;
United States;
Europe
Heese, Jonas, Joseph Pacelli, and James Barnett. "Accounting Outages at Plug Power? (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 124-018, August 2023. (Revised November 2023.)
- August 2023
- Supplement
Apple: Privacy vs. Safety (C)
By: Henry McGee, Nien-hê Hsieh and Kerry Herman
In September 2021, Apple decided to delay updates to iOS and iPadOS that included features to fight child sexual abuse. While many—including prominent privacy and security experts—praised Apple, others were opposed. They saw Apple introducing features that risked...
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Keywords:
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Values and Beliefs;
Public Opinion;
Applications and Software;
Leadership
McGee, Henry, Nien-hê Hsieh, and Kerry Herman. "Apple: Privacy vs. Safety (C)." Harvard Business School Supplement 324-033, August 2023.
- August 2023 (Revised December 2023)
- Case
Automating Morality: Ethics for Intelligent Machines
By: Joseph L. Badaracco Jr. and Tom Quinn
As autonomy became a more significant part of modern life – most notably in autonomous vehicles (AVs), such as Teslas – ethical debates about whether and how to impart ethics to machines heated up. Utilitarians pointed out that autonomous vehicles crashed much less...
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Keywords:
Cost vs Benefits;
Judgments;
Fairness;
Moral Sensibility;
Values and Beliefs;
Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues;
Disruptive Innovation;
Technology Adoption;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Cognition and Thinking;
Technological Innovation;
Auto Industry;
Technology Industry;
Africa;
Asia;
Europe;
North and Central America;
Oceania;
South America
Badaracco, Joseph L., Jr., and Tom Quinn. "Automating Morality: Ethics for Intelligent Machines." Harvard Business School Case 324-007, August 2023. (Revised December 2023.)
- August 2023 (Revised January 2024)
- Supplement
Arla Foods: Data-Driven Decarbonization (A)
By: Michael Parzen, Michael W. Toffel, Amram Migdal and Susan Pinckney
Arla implemented a data-based price incentive system to measure, track, and influence climate friendly changes to reduce CO2 emissions across the world’s fourth largest dairy cooperative.
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Keywords:
Dairy Industry;
Business Earnings;
Earnings Management;
Environmental Accounting;
Agribusiness;
Animal-Based Agribusiness;
Acquisition;
Mergers and Acquisitions;
Decision Making;
Decisions;
Voting;
Environmental Management;
Climate Change;
Environmental Regulation;
Environmental Sustainability;
Green Technology;
Pollution;
Moral Sensibility;
Values and Beliefs;
Financial Strategy;
Price;
Profit;
Revenue;
Food;
Geopolitical Units;
Global Strategy;
Ownership Type;
Cooperative Ownership;
Performance Efficiency;
Performance Evaluation;
Problems and Challenges;
Natural Environment;
Science-Based Business;
Business Strategy;
Commercialization;
Cooperation;
Corporate Strategy;
Food and Beverage Industry;
Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry;
Europe;
United Kingdom;
European Union;
Germany;
Denmark;
Sweden;
Luxembourg;
Belgium
- August 2023 (Revised March 2024)
- Case
Arla Foods: Data-Driven Decarbonization (A)
By: Michael Parzen, Michael W. Toffel, Susan Pinckney and Amram Migdal
The case describes Arla’s history, in particular its climate change mitigation efforts, and how it implemented a price incentive system to motivate individual farms to implement scope 1 greenhouse gas emissions mitigation measures and receive a higher milk price. The...
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Keywords:
Dairy Industry;
Business Earnings;
Agribusiness;
Animal-Based Agribusiness;
Acquisition;
Mergers and Acquisitions;
Decision Making;
Decisions;
Voting;
Environmental Management;
Climate Change;
Environmental Regulation;
Environmental Sustainability;
Green Technology;
Pollution;
Moral Sensibility;
Values and Beliefs;
Financial Strategy;
Price;
Profit;
Revenue;
Food;
Geopolitical Units;
Global Strategy;
Ownership Type;
Cooperative Ownership;
Performance Efficiency;
Performance Evaluation;
Problems and Challenges;
Natural Environment;
Science-Based Business;
Business Strategy;
Commercialization;
Cooperation;
Corporate Strategy;
Food and Beverage Industry;
Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry;
Europe;
United Kingdom;
European Union;
Germany;
Denmark;
Sweden;
Luxembourg;
Belgium
Parzen, Michael, Michael W. Toffel, Susan Pinckney, and Amram Migdal. "Arla Foods: Data-Driven Decarbonization (A)." Harvard Business School Case 624-003, August 2023. (Revised March 2024.)
- August 2023 (Revised January 2024)
- Supplement
Arla Foods: Data-Driven Decarbonization (B)
By: Michael Parzen, Michael W. Toffel, Susan Pinckney and Amram Migdal
The case describes Arla’s history, in particular its climate change mitigation efforts, and how it implemented a price incentive system to motivate individual farms to implement scope 1 greenhouse gas emissions mitigation measures and receive a higher milk price. The...
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Keywords:
Dairy Industry;
Earnings Management;
Environmental Accounting;
Animal-Based Agribusiness;
Mergers and Acquisitions;
Decisions;
Voting;
Climate Change;
Environmental Regulation;
Environmental Sustainability;
Green Technology;
Pollution;
Moral Sensibility;
Values and Beliefs;
Financial Strategy;
Price;
Profit;
Revenue;
Food;
Geopolitical Units;
Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues;
Global Strategy;
Cooperative Ownership;
Performance Efficiency;
Performance Evaluation;
Problems and Challenges;
Natural Environment;
Science-Based Business;
Business Strategy;
Commercial Banking;
Cooperation;
Corporate Strategy;
Food and Beverage Industry;
Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry;
Europe;
United Kingdom;
European Union;
Denmark;
Sweden;
Luxembourg;
Belgium
Parzen, Michael, Michael W. Toffel, Susan Pinckney, and Amram Migdal. "Arla Foods: Data-Driven Decarbonization (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 624-036, August 2023. (Revised January 2024.)
- August 2023
- Case
Beamery: Using Skills and AI to Modernize HR
By: Boris Groysberg, Alexis Lefort, Susan Pinckney and Carolina Bartunek
Unicorn human relationships startup Beamery evaluates it's growth versus depth strategy as its strategic partners and customers could become future competitors in a quickly changing AI based human resources and talent management industry
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Keywords:
Acquisition;
Business Growth and Maturation;
Business Startups;
Competency and Skills;
Experience and Expertise;
Talent and Talent Management;
Customers;
Nationality;
Learning;
Entrepreneurship;
Employee Relationship Management;
Recruitment;
Retention;
Selection and Staffing;
Values and Beliefs;
Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues;
Analytics and Data Science;
Applications and Software;
Disruptive Innovation;
Technological Innovation;
Job Offer;
Job Search;
Job Design and Levels;
Employment;
Human Capital;
Europe;
United Kingdom;
United States
Groysberg, Boris, Alexis Lefort, Susan Pinckney, and Carolina Bartunek. "Beamery: Using Skills and AI to Modernize HR." Harvard Business School Case 424-004, August 2023.
- August 2023
- Case
The Ethical Tightrope: When to Disclose the AI Shortcut
By: David G. Fubini, William Fubini and Patrick Sanguineti
In this short vignette on ethics in consulting, John Child, a new Associate at a prestigious firm who is eager to impress, decides to use an AI tool to expedite his analysis and craft his presentation due to a short project timeframe. Feeling uneasy about his decision...
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- August 2023
- Case
The Gift Card Swap: Speak Up or Let It Lie?
By: David G. Fubini, William Fubini and Patrick Sanguineti
In this short vignette on ethics in consulting, Brenda Thompson, a new Associate at a prestigious consulting firm, learns that a fellow Associate is using the firm's meal expense benefits to pocket the difference between the maximum daily allowance and his actual...
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- July 2023
- Case
Raymond Jefferson: Trial by Fire
By: Anthony Mayo and Carin-Isabel Knoop
In the spring of 2021, Raymond (Ray) Jefferson applied for a job in President Joseph Biden’s administration. Ten years earlier, false allegations were used to force him to resign from his prior U.S. government position as Assistant Secretary of Labor for Veterans’...
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Mayo, Anthony, and Carin-Isabel Knoop. "Raymond Jefferson: Trial by Fire." Harvard Business School Case 423-094, July 2023.
- July 2023
- Case
Difficult Observations
By: David G. Fubini, William Fubini and Patrick Sanguineti
In this short vignette on ethics in consulting, Daniel Lee, a new Associate assigned to work with an important client executive, must decide whether to report the executive's behavior toward his team. Though the executive's style seems harsh and intimidating toward his...
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Fubini, David G., William Fubini, and Patrick Sanguineti. "Difficult Observations." Harvard Business School Case 424-009, July 2023.
- June 2023
- Simulation
Artea Dashboard and Targeting Policy Evaluation
By: Ayelet Israeli and Eva Ascarza
Companies deploy A/B experiments to gain valuable insights about their customers in order to answer strategic business problems. In marketing, A/B tests are often used to evaluate marketing interventions intended to generate incremental outcomes for the firm. The Artea...
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Keywords:
Algorithm Bias;
Algorithmic Data;
Race And Ethnicity;
Experimentation;
Promotion;
Marketing And Society;
Big Data;
Privacy;
Data-driven Management;
Data Analysis;
Data Analytics;
E-Commerce Strategy;
Discrimination;
Targeted Advertising;
Targeted Policies;
Pricing Algorithms;
A/B Testing;
Ethical Decision Making;
Customer Base Analysis;
Customer Heterogeneity;
Coupons;
Marketing;
Race;
Gender;
Diversity;
Customer Relationship Management;
Marketing Communications;
Advertising;
Decision Making;
Ethics;
E-commerce;
Analytics and Data Science;
Retail Industry;
Apparel and Accessories Industry;
United States
- 2023
- Working Paper
The Politics of Philanthropy in China
By: Geoffrey Jones and Yuhai Wu
This working paper looks historically at business philanthropy in China. In the West, the literature has distinguished between entrepreneurial and customary philanthropy, while the phenomenon of spiritual philanthropy has been identified in many emerging markets. This...
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Keywords:
China;
Philanthropy;
Ethics;
Philanthropy and Charitable Giving;
Moral Sensibility;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Economic Systems;
Economic Sectors;
China
Jones, Geoffrey, and Yuhai Wu. "The Politics of Philanthropy in China." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-067, May 2023.
- May 9, 2023
- Article
8 Questions About Using AI Responsibly, Answered
By: Tsedal Neeley
Generative AI tools are poised to change the way every business operates. As your own organization begins strategizing which to use, and how, operational and ethical considerations are inevitable. This article delves into eight of them, including how your organization...
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Neeley, Tsedal. "8 Questions About Using AI Responsibly, Answered." Harvard Business Review (website) (May 9, 2023).
- March 2023
- Article
Developing Moral Muscle in a Literature-based Business Ethics Course
By: Inge M. Brokerhof, Sandra J. Sucher, P. Matthijs Bal, Frank Hakemulder, Paul G. W. Jansen and Omar N. Solinger
Moral subjectivity (e.g., reflexivity, perspective-taking) is a necessary condition for moral
development. However, widely used approaches to business ethics education, rooted in
conceptualizations of ethical development as objective and quantifiable, often neglect...
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Brokerhof, Inge M., Sandra J. Sucher, P. Matthijs Bal, Frank Hakemulder, Paul G. W. Jansen, and Omar N. Solinger. "Developing Moral Muscle in a Literature-based Business Ethics Course." Academy of Management Learning & Education 22, no. 1 (March 2023): 63–87.
- April 2023
- Case
Twitter: The Freedom to Speak Freely and Be Heard
By: Randolph B. Cohen, Carin-Isabel Knoop and Mel Martin
In April 2022, serial entrepreneur Elon Musk announced that he would be interested in purchasing the social media site Twitter for $44 billion. With more than 100 million twitter followers, Musk had historically leveraged the site to engage with the customers of his...
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- April 2023 (Revised July 2023)
- Case
Fermenting Accounting Problems at Vermont Kombucha Corp.
By: Tatiana Sandino and Marshal Herrmann
Founded in 2005, Vermont Kombucha Corp. (V-Ko) was an early mover in the fledgling U.S. market for kombucha, a drink brewed for its health benefits. Early on, the company captured more than 90% of market share. Under the leadership of its founder and CEO, Joe Williams,...
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Keywords:
Going Public;
Business Model;
Financial Reporting;
Ethics;
Corporate Governance;
Stock Shares;
Food and Beverage Industry
Sandino, Tatiana, and Marshal Herrmann. "Fermenting Accounting Problems at Vermont Kombucha Corp." Harvard Business School Case 123-064, April 2023. (Revised July 2023.)
- April 2023
- Case
Burning the Sails to Save the Ship: The Pilati Family Dilemma
By: Lauren Cohen, Hao Gao, Jiawei Ye and Grace Headinger
Octavian Graf Pilati, rising generation member of an Austrian princely family, prepared to sell the palace his family had held for over three hundred years. In recent years, the Pilati family lands had been leveraged as loan collateral for an international venture that...
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Keywords:
Family Office;
Family;
Plant-Based Agribusiness;
Agribusiness;
Family Business;
Property;
Identity;
Culture;
Ethics;
Insolvency and Bankruptcy;
Governance;
Crisis Management;
Family and Family Relationships;
Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry;
Real Estate Industry;
Austria
Cohen, Lauren, Hao Gao, Jiawei Ye, and Grace Headinger. "Burning the Sails to Save the Ship: The Pilati Family Dilemma." Harvard Business School Case 223-081, April 2023.
- March 2023 (Revised April 2023)
- Case
Independent Governance of Meta’s Social Spaces: The Oversight Board
Julie Owono is a member of the Oversight Board, an outside entity with the authority to make binding decisions on tricky moderation questions for Meta's companies. She considers the Board's impact, and its future.
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Keywords:
Business and Government Relations;
Social Media;
Fairness;
Governing and Advisory Boards;
Technology Industry;
Communications Industry
Shapiro, Jesse M., Natalia Rigol, Benjamin N. Roth, and William R. Kerr. "Independent Governance of Meta’s Social Spaces: The Oversight Board." Harvard Business School Case 823-111, March 2023. (Revised April 2023.)