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All HBS Web
(116,020)
- Faculty Publications (104)
- September 2014
- Case
OvaScience
By: G. Felda Hardymon, Tom Nicholas, Toby Stuart and Noah Fisher
In early April 2012, Michelle Dipp, MD, Ph.D, CEO and co-founder of OvaScience, had just received a buyout offer from PG Ventures, a private equit's first promising fertility treatment, AUGMENT (Autologous Germ-line Mitochondrial Energy Transfer), had the potential to...
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Hardymon, G. Felda, Tom Nicholas, Toby Stuart, and Noah Fisher. "OvaScience." Harvard Business School Case 815-058, September 2014.
- July 2014
- Case
Venture Capital at the Harvard Management Company in Historical Perspective
By: Felda Hardymon, Tom Nicholas and Vasiliki Fouka
The compromise between capital preservation and growth has always been central to the performance of the Harvard endowment. Setting an institutional structure for effectively governing this compromise became especially important when the Harvard Management Company...
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Keywords:
Venture Capital;
Financial Management;
Asset Management;
Higher Education;
Investment;
Financial Services Industry;
Education Industry;
Cambridge
Hardymon, Felda, Tom Nicholas, and Vasiliki Fouka. "Venture Capital at the Harvard Management Company in Historical Perspective." Harvard Business School Case 815-047, July 2014.
- April 2014
- Case
Don Valentine and Sequoia Capital
By: Felda Hardymon, Tom Nicholas and Liz Kind
Don Valentine participated in the beginnings of two significant milestones: the birth of the silicon chip and the development of the venture capital industry. From humble beginnings, Valentine became a legendary salesman at Fairchild Semiconductor and National...
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Hardymon, Felda, Tom Nicholas, and Liz Kind. "Don Valentine and Sequoia Capital." Harvard Business School Case 814-096, April 2014.
- January 2014 (Revised July 2016)
- Case
Samuel Slater & Francis Cabot Lowell: The Factory System in U.S. Cotton Manufacturing
By: Tom Nicholas and Matthew Guilford
At the time of the American War of Independence (1776-1783) and for several decades after it, Great Britain dominated the global production of cotton textiles. In fact, Britain became so dominant in textile manufacturing and trading that Manchester, its industrial...
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Keywords:
Technological Innovation;
Production;
Business History;
Manufacturing Industry;
Great Britain;
Massachusetts
Nicholas, Tom, and Matthew Guilford. "Samuel Slater & Francis Cabot Lowell: The Factory System in U.S. Cotton Manufacturing." Harvard Business School Case 814-065, January 2014. (Revised July 2016.)
- September 2013
- Article
Prizes, Publicity, and Patents: Non-Monetary Awards as a Mechanism to Encourage Innovation
By: Petra Moser and Tom Nicholas
This paper exploits the selection of prize-winning technologies among exhibitors at the Crystal Palace Exhibition in 1851 to examine whether—and how—ex post prizes that are awarded to high-quality innovations may encourage future innovation. U.S. patent data...
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Moser, Petra, and Tom Nicholas. "Prizes, Publicity, and Patents: Non-Monetary Awards as a Mechanism to Encourage Innovation." Journal of Industrial Economics 61, no. 3 (September 2013): 763–788.
- Summer 2013
- Article
Real Estate Prices During the Roaring Twenties and the Great Depression
By: Tom Nicholas and Anna Scherbina
Using new data on market-based transactions we construct real estate price indexes for Manhattan between 1920 and 1939. During the 1920s prices reached their highest level in the third quarter of 1929 before falling by 67% at the end of 1932 and hovering around that...
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Keywords:
Property;
Market Transactions;
Price;
Value;
Financial Crisis;
Investment;
Real Estate Industry;
New York (state, US)
Nicholas, Tom, and Anna Scherbina. "Real Estate Prices During the Roaring Twenties and the Great Depression." Real Estate Economics 41, no. 2 (Summer 2013): 278–309.
- May 2013
- Article
Hybrid Innovation in Meiji Japan
By: Tom Nicholas
Japan's hybrid innovation system during the Meiji era of technological modernization provides a useful laboratory for examining the effectiveness of complementary mechanisms to patents. Patents were introduced in 1885, and by 1911, 1.2 million mostly non-pecuniary...
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Keywords:
Prizes;
Technological Innovation;
System;
Patents;
Knowledge;
Value;
Cost vs Benefits;
Factories, Labs, and Plants;
Performance Effectiveness;
Japan
Nicholas, Tom. "Hybrid Innovation in Meiji Japan." International Economic Review 54, no. 2 (May 2013): 575–600.
- Article
Intermediary Functions and the Market for Innovation in Meiji and Taisho Japan
By: Tom Nicholas and Hiroshi Shimizu
Japan experienced a transformational phase of technological development during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. We argue that an important, but so far neglected, factor was a developing market for innovation and a patent attorney system that was...
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Nicholas, Tom, and Hiroshi Shimizu. "Intermediary Functions and the Market for Innovation in Meiji and Taisho Japan." Business History Review 87, no. 1 (Spring 2013): 121–150.
- February 2013
- Case
18 Months in a Startup: Zaggora.com
By: Tom Nicholas
The founders of Zaggora reflected back on a tumultuous year-and-a-half in which they had generated, from just $40,000 in personal savings, a multi-million dollar sportswear enterprise selling Hotpants to women. These were hotpants not of the 1960s hipster variety, but...
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Keywords:
Internet and the Web;
Growth Management;
Problems and Challenges;
Business Startups;
Brands and Branding;
Innovation and Invention;
Corporate Finance;
Apparel and Accessories Industry;
Sports Industry
Nicholas, Tom. "18 Months in a Startup: Zaggora.com." Harvard Business School Case 813-140, February 2013.
- February 2013
- Case
New Enterprise Associates
By: Felda Hardymon and Tom Nicholas
NEA was established in 1977 and it subsequently morphed into one of the largest venture capital firms in the world. Despite its size and significance, some other firms established during the same era such as Kleiner-Perkins and Sequoia (both were established in 1972),...
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Keywords:
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Venture Capital;
Organizational Structure;
Innovation and Invention;
Financial Services Industry;
United States
Hardymon, Felda, and Tom Nicholas. "New Enterprise Associates." Harvard Business School Case 813-097, February 2013.
- January 2013 (Revised March 2022)
- Case
The Origins and Development of Silicon Valley
By: Tom Nicholas and James Lee
On October 1, 1891, as Senator Leland Stanford cut the ribbon at the ceremony gifting 8,000-acres of his Palo Alto, California, stock farm to a new, 559-student university bearing his name and seeking to produce "useful" in addition to "cultured" graduates, the...
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Nicholas, Tom, and James Lee. "The Origins and Development of Silicon Valley." Harvard Business School Case 813-098, January 2013. (Revised March 2022.)
- January 2013 (Revised April 2013)
- Case
Greylock Partners
By: Felda Hardymon, Tom Nicholas and David Lane
Keywords:
Business Organization;
Venture Capital;
Partners and Partnerships;
Business History;
Entrepreneurship;
Financial Services Industry;
New England
Hardymon, Felda, Tom Nicholas, and David Lane. "Greylock Partners." Harvard Business School Case 813-002, January 2013. (Revised April 2013.)
- January 2013
- Case
Arthur Rock
By: Felda Hardymon, Tom Nicholas and Liz Kind
Arthur Rock was known as one of the country's first venture capitalists and was instrumental in launching major Silicon Valley firms, such as Fairchild Semiconductor, Intel Corporation, Apple Computer, Inc., Scientific Data Systems and Teledyne Incorporated. He was the...
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Hardymon, Felda, Tom Nicholas, and Liz Kind. "Arthur Rock." Harvard Business School Case 813-138, January 2013.
- December 2012
- Article
Inducement Prizes and Innovation
By: Liam Brunt, Josh Lerner and Tom Nicholas
We examine the effect of prizes on innovation using data on awards for technological development offered by the Royal Agricultural Society of England at annual competitions between 1839 and 1939. We find that the effects of prizes on competitive entry are large, and we...
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Keywords:
Motivation and Incentives;
Patents;
Innovation and Invention;
Information Technology;
Growth and Development;
England
Brunt, Liam, Josh Lerner, and Tom Nicholas. "Inducement Prizes and Innovation." Journal of Industrial Economics 60, no. 4 (December 2012): 657–696.
- October 2012 (Revised July 2014)
- Background Note
The Role of the Government in the Early Development of American Venture Capital
By: Josh Lerner and Tom Nicholas
Whether the government or markets, or a mixture of both, can provide efficient and effective incentives for encouraging entrepreneurial activity and new venture financing is an age-old question. Public promotion efforts are controversial and in most cases they tend to...
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Lerner, Josh, and Tom Nicholas. "The Role of the Government in the Early Development of American Venture Capital." Harvard Business School Background Note 813-096, October 2012. (Revised July 2014.)
- October 2012 (Revised March 2022)
- Case
Kleiner-Perkins and Genentech: When Venture Capital Met Science
By: Felda Hardymon and Tom Nicholas
Genentech is a rare success story in the biotechnology industry. Hundreds of billions of dollars of venture capital have been invested without the expected transformational effects. Established in 1976, Genentech was to develop the new science of recombinant DNA into...
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Keywords:
Innovation & Entrepreneurship;
Venture Capital;
Innovation and Invention;
Entrepreneurship;
Information Technology;
Science;
Biotechnology Industry;
United States
Hardymon, Felda, and Tom Nicholas. "Kleiner-Perkins and Genentech: When Venture Capital Met Science." Harvard Business School Case 813-102, October 2012. (Revised March 2022.)
- October 2012 (Revised February 2019)
- Case
Whaling Ventures
By: Tom Nicholas and Jonas Peter Akins
Whaling was a prominent global industry in the nineteenth century and the United States was dominant. By 1850 there were about 900 whaling ships in the world and 700 of these were American. Rates of return on capital were high compared to benchmark investments, at...
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Keywords:
Whaling;
Organization Design;
Entrepreneurship;
Venture Capital;
Finance;
Organizational Design;
Industry Growth;
History;
United States
Nicholas, Tom, and Jonas Peter Akins. "Whaling Ventures." Harvard Business School Case 813-086, October 2012. (Revised February 2019.)
- 2013
- Working Paper
Did Bank Distress Stifle Innovation During the Great Depression?
By: Ramana Nanda and Tom Nicholas
We find a negative relationship between bank distress and the level, quality and trajectory of firm-level innovation during the Great Depression, particularly for R&D firms operating in capital intensive industries. However, we also show that because a sufficient...
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Keywords:
Great Depression;
R&D;
Bank Distress;
Patents;
Research and Development;
Financial Crisis;
Innovation and Invention;
Banks and Banking;
Banking Industry;
United States
Nanda, Ramana, and Tom Nicholas. "Did Bank Distress Stifle Innovation During the Great Depression?" Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 12-106, May 2012. (Revised October 2013. Revise and Resubmit, Journal of Financial Economics.)
- January 2012 (Revised August 2015)
- Case
Georges Doriot and American Venture Capital
By: Tom Nicholas and David Chen
Nicholas, Tom, and David Chen. "Georges Doriot and American Venture Capital." Harvard Business School Case 812-110, January 2012. (Revised August 2015.)
- December 2011 (Revised February 2019)
- Case
The Indian Removal Act and the 'Trail of Tears'
By: Tom Nicholas, Ari Medoff, Raven Smith and Sam Subramanian
Native Americans were subjected to a protracted and painful process of forced removal from their land. The case provides "first hand" evidence on the debate over Indian removal as it took place during the early nineteenth century. The first document is excerpted from...
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Nicholas, Tom, Ari Medoff, Raven Smith, and Sam Subramanian. "The Indian Removal Act and the 'Trail of Tears'." Harvard Business School Case 812-079, December 2011. (Revised February 2019.)