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      • November 2023
      • Case

      Gabon Special Economic Zone

      By: John Macomber and Wale Lawal
      Tropical rain forest covers about 80% of the West African nation of Gabon, part of the Congo Basin and the "lungs of the world." Gabon is one of the first nations to earn revenue from carbon sequestration...as long as the rain forest remains intact. There are...  View Details
      Keywords: Africa; Economic Development; Forestry; Wood; Climate Change; Carbon Credits; Supply Chain; Economic Growth; Development Economics; Forest Products Industry; Africa; Gabon
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      Macomber, John, and Wale Lawal. "Gabon Special Economic Zone." Harvard Business School Case 224-012, November 2023.
      • November 2023
      • Background Note

      Life Cycle Assessment: An Overview

      By: Willy C. Shih, Michael W. Toffel and Kelsey Carter
      Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a holistic approach to quantifying the environmental impacts—including resources consumed and wastes produced—associated with the entire life cycle of a product, from the production or extraction of the raw materials used in its creation,...  View Details
      Keywords: Measurement; Life-cycle; Environmental Performance; Design; Environmental Management; Environmental Sustainability; Climate Change; Measurement and Metrics; Standards; Accounting
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      Shih, Willy C., Michael W. Toffel, and Kelsey Carter. "Life Cycle Assessment: An Overview." Harvard Business School Background Note 624-052, November 2023.
      • November 2023
      • Case

      Infarm: Betting the (Indoor) Farm on Food Security

      By: Elie Ofek
      In the summer of 2023, the co-founders of Infarm, a controlled environment agriculture (CEA) company, were contemplating a major pivot going forward. While Infarm had successfully shown it could grow over 75 products – mainly herbs, leafy greens and mushrooms – in...  View Details
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      Ofek, Elie. "Infarm: Betting the (Indoor) Farm on Food Security." Harvard Business School Case 524-043, November 2023.
      • November–December 2023
      • Article

      Keep Your AI Projects on Track

      By: Iavor Bojinov
      AI—and especially its newest star, generative AI—is today a central theme in corporate boardrooms, leadership discussions, and casual exchanges among employees eager to supercharge their productivity. Sadly, beneath the aspirational headlines and tantalizing potential...  View Details
      Keywords: Generative Models; AI and Machine Learning; Success; Failure; Product Development; Technology Adoption
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      Bojinov, Iavor. "Keep Your AI Projects on Track." Harvard Business Review 101, no. 6 (November–December 2023): 53–59.
      • October 2023
      • Case

      To Fizzle Out or Heat Up? PepsiCo and Coca-Cola’s SodaStream and Costa Coffee Acquisitions

      By: David Collis and Haisley Wert
      U.S. beverage giants PepsiCo and Coca-Cola shared many similarities by August 2018—both were founded by pharmacists in the 1890s, grew to offer hundreds of drink brands, and championed rival flagship products that drove loyalists into taste-testing wars. That month,...  View Details
      Keywords: Strategy; Acquisition; Beverage Industry; Corporate Strategy; Food and Beverage Industry
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      Collis, David, and Haisley Wert. "To Fizzle Out or Heat Up? PepsiCo and Coca-Cola’s SodaStream and Costa Coffee Acquisitions." Harvard Business School Case 724-394, October 2023.
      • October 2023
      • Case

      KOKO Networks: Bridging Energy Transition and Affordability with Carbon Financing

      By: George Serafeim, Siko Sikochi and Namrata Arora
      The problem was massive: two million hectares of African forests were lost annually to charcoal production for cooking, an area equivalent to 13 times Greater London, resulting in one billion tons of carbon emissions yearly. At the same time, an estimated 700,000...  View Details
      Keywords: Africa; Clean Tech; Energy; Sustainability; Health; Digital; Carbon Credits; Carbon Offsetting; Market Design; Regulation; Climate Change; Entrepreneurship; Consumer Products Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Africa
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      Serafeim, George, Siko Sikochi, and Namrata Arora. "KOKO Networks: Bridging Energy Transition and Affordability with Carbon Financing." Harvard Business School Case 124-022, October 2023.
      • October 2023
      • Case

      Houghton Mifflin Harcourt: A Curriculum Provider Puts Itself on the Hook for Student Outcomes

      By: John J-H Kim, Derek C. M. van Bever, Michael Norris and Max Hancock
      Jack Lynch, CEO of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt (HMH) since 2017, was leading the company’s transformation from a legacy textbook publisher to a digital-first student outcomes provider, which earned subscription revenue from digital products and curriculum. In 2023, HMH...  View Details
      Keywords: Edtech; Textbook; Publishing; Leading Change; Change Management; Transformation; Digital Transformation; Publishing Industry; United States
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      Kim, John J-H, Derek C. M. van Bever, Michael Norris, and Max Hancock. "Houghton Mifflin Harcourt: A Curriculum Provider Puts Itself on the Hook for Student Outcomes." Harvard Business School Case 324-011, October 2023.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Why Do Index Funds Have Market Power? Quantifying Frictions in the Index Fund Market

      By: Zach Y. Brown, Mark Egan, Jihye Jeon, Chuqing Jin and Alex A. Wu
      Index funds are one of the most common ways investors access financial markets and are perceived to be a transparent and low-cost alternative to active investment management. Despite these purported virtues of index fund investing and the introduction of new products...  View Details
      Keywords: Mutual Funds; Passive Investing; Asset Management; Financial Markets; Investment Funds; Financial Management; Financial Services Industry; United States
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      Brown, Zach Y., Mark Egan, Jihye Jeon, Chuqing Jin, and Alex A. Wu. "Why Do Index Funds Have Market Power? Quantifying Frictions in the Index Fund Market." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-019, October 2023. (NBER Working Paper Series, No. 31778, October 2023.)
      • October 2023
      • Case

      Fixie and Conversational AI Sidekicks

      By: Jeffrey J. Bussgang and Carin-Isabel Knoop
      In March 2023, Fixie Co-Founder and Chief Architect Matt Welsh and co-founders had the kind of meeting no founders want to have. The president of leading artificial intelligence (AI) research and deployment firm OpenAI, which had catapulted into fame with its ChatGPT...  View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Technology Industry; United States
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      Bussgang, Jeffrey J., and Carin-Isabel Knoop. "Fixie and Conversational AI Sidekicks." Harvard Business School Case 824-037, October 2023.
      • October 2023
      • Case

      Loris

      By: Shunyuan Zhang, Das Narayandas, Stacy Straaberg and David Lane
      In December 2022, Loris’s executive team considered their go-to-market strategy. Loris was an artificial intelligence (AI) software startup for the customer service industry with two products on the market: 1) Agent Assist which provided customer service agents (CSAs)...  View Details
      Keywords: Decision Making; Decisions; Growth and Development Strategy; Product Marketing; Product Launch; Product Positioning; Business Strategy; Competition; Competitive Strategy; Technology Industry; United States
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      Zhang, Shunyuan, Das Narayandas, Stacy Straaberg, and David Lane. "Loris." Harvard Business School Case 524-010, October 2023.
      • October 2023
      • Case

      FARM Rio: Bringing a Brazilian Fashion Brand to the World

      By: Isamar Troncoso and Jill Avery
      FARM Rio, a twenty-six year old Brazilian fashion brand had recently put down roots in the U.S. The brand, known for its bold, colorful, nature-inspired tropical prints, was testing the waters in Europe to assess if and how the brand should further expand globally....  View Details
      Keywords: Global Marketing; Go-to-market Strategy; Global Branding; Brand Positioning; Marketing; Brands and Branding; Marketing Strategy; Fashion Industry; Brazil; United States; Europe
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      Troncoso, Isamar, and Jill Avery. "FARM Rio: Bringing a Brazilian Fashion Brand to the World ." Harvard Business School Case 524-003, October 2023.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Causal Interpretation of Structural IV Estimands

      By: Isaiah Andrews, Nano Barahona, Matthew Gentzkow, Ashesh Rambachan and Jesse M. Shapiro
      We study the causal interpretation of instrumental variables (IV) estimands of nonlinear, multivariate structural models with respect to rich forms of model misspecification. We focus on guaranteeing that the researcher's estimator is sharp zero consistent, meaning...  View Details
      Keywords: Mathematical Methods
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      Andrews, Isaiah, Nano Barahona, Matthew Gentzkow, Ashesh Rambachan, and Jesse M. Shapiro. "Causal Interpretation of Structural IV Estimands." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 31799, October 2023.
      • October 2023
      • Article

      Improving Regulatory Effectiveness Through Better Targeting: Evidence from OSHA

      By: Matthew S. Johnson, David I. Levine and Michael W. Toffel
      We study how a regulator can best target inspections. Our case study is a U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) program that randomly allocated some inspections. On average, each inspection averted 2.4 serious injuries (9%) over the next five years....  View Details
      Keywords: Safety Regulations; Regulations; Regulatory Enforcement; Machine Learning Models; Safety; Operations; Service Operations; Production; Forecasting and Prediction; Decisions; United States
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      Johnson, Matthew S., David I. Levine, and Michael W. Toffel. "Improving Regulatory Effectiveness Through Better Targeting: Evidence from OSHA." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 15, no. 4 (October 2023): 30–67.
      • October 2023
      • Article

      Innovation on Wings: When Do Nonstop Flights Matter for Global Innovation?

      By: Dany Bahar, Prithwiraj Choudhury, Do Yoon Kim and Wesley Koo
      We study whether, when, and how better connectivity through nonstop flights leads to positive innovation outcomes for firms in the global context. Using unique data of all flights emanating from 5,015 airports around the globe from 2005 to 2015 and exploiting a...  View Details
      Keywords: Nonstop Flights; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Patents; Research and Development; Air Transportation Industry
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      Bahar, Dany, Prithwiraj Choudhury, Do Yoon Kim, and Wesley Koo. "Innovation on Wings: When Do Nonstop Flights Matter for Global Innovation?" Management Science 69, no. 10 (October 2023): 6202–6223.
      • October 2023
      • Article

      Laboratory Safety and Research Productivity

      By: Alberto Galasso, Hong Luo and Brooklynn Zhu
      Are laboratory safety practices a tax on scientific productivity? We examine this question by exploiting the substantial increase in safety regulations at the University of California following the shocking accidental death of a research assistant in 2008....  View Details
      Keywords: Economics Of Science; Risk Perception; Safety Regulations; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Working Conditions; Safety; Performance Productivity
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      Galasso, Alberto, Hong Luo, and Brooklynn Zhu. "Laboratory Safety and Research Productivity." Art. 104827. Research Policy 52, no. 8 (October 2023).
      • October 2023
      • Article

      Product Variety, the Cost of Living, and Welfare Across Countries

      By: Alberto Cavallo, Robert C. Feenstra and Robert Inklaar
      We use the structure of the Melitz (2003) model to compute the cost of living and welfare across 47 countries, and compare these to conventional measures of prices and real consumption from the International Comparisons Project (ICP). The cost of living is inferred...  View Details
      Keywords: Macroeconomics; Trade
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      Cavallo, Alberto, Robert C. Feenstra, and Robert Inklaar. "Product Variety, the Cost of Living, and Welfare Across Countries." American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 15, no. 4 (October 2023): 40–66.
      • October 2023
      • Article

      Speedy Activists: Firm Response Time to Sociopolitical Events Influences Consumer Behavior

      By: Jimin Nam, Maya Balakrishnan, Julian De Freitas and Alison Wood Brooks
      Organizations face growing pressure from their consumers and stakeholders to take public stances on sociopolitical issues. However, many are hesitant to do so lest they make missteps, promises they cannot keep, appear inauthentic, or alienate consumers, employees, or...  View Details
      Keywords: Brands and Branding; Public Opinion; Social Media; Social Issues
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      Nam, Jimin, Maya Balakrishnan, Julian De Freitas, and Alison Wood Brooks. "Speedy Activists: Firm Response Time to Sociopolitical Events Influences Consumer Behavior." Special Issue on Consumer Insights from Text Analysis edited by Grant Packard, Sarah G. Moore, and Jonah Berger. Journal of Consumer Psychology 33, no. 4 (October 2023): 632–644.
      • September 2023
      • Teaching Note

      Esquel Group

      By: William C. Kirby and Noah B. Truwit
      Teaching Note for HBS Case Nos. 307-076 and 322-058. These cases focus on the experience of China's largest shirt manufacturer, Esquel Group, and how it manages various aspects of government relations in China and abroad. The A case identifies a wide variety of social...  View Details
      Keywords: Government and Politics; China
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      Kirby, William C., and Noah B. Truwit. "Esquel Group." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 324-042, September 2023.
      • September 2023
      • Supplement

      Arcos Dorados: Decarbonizing McDonald’s in Latin America – Alternative Protein Products

      By: George Serafeim and Michael W. Toffel
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      Serafeim, George, and Michael W. Toffel. "Arcos Dorados: Decarbonizing McDonald’s in Latin America – Alternative Protein Products." Harvard Business School Multimedia/Video Supplement 624-705, September 2023.
      • September 2023
      • Technical Note

      Free and Open Source Software and Hardware

      By: Frank Nagle
      This technical note surveys the concepts of free and open source software and hardware. It introduces the concepts in general, providing a brief history of their development and numerous examples of how companies employ them in practice. Further, it identifies various...  View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Strategy; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Technological Innovation; Nonprofit Organizations; Competitive Strategy; Patents; Information Technology; Business Model; Information Technology Industry; Technology Industry
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      Nagle, Frank. "Free and Open Source Software and Hardware." Harvard Business School Technical Note 724-380, September 2023.
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