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Inequity
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- May 2023
- Article
Equilibrium Effects of Pay Transparency
By: Zoë B. Cullen and Bobak Pakzad-Hurson
The public discourse around pay transparency has focused on the direct effect: how workers seek
to rectify newly-disclosed pay inequities through renegotiations. The question of how wage-setting
and hiring practices of the firm respond in equilibrium has received...
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Keywords:
Pay Transparency;
Online Labor Market;
Privacy;
Wage Gap;
Corporate Disclosure;
Wages;
Negotiation
Cullen, Zoë B., and Bobak Pakzad-Hurson. "Equilibrium Effects of Pay Transparency." Econometrica 91, no. 3 (May 2023): 765–802. (Lead Article.)
- April 2023
- Article
Racial Inequality in Work Environments
By: Letian Zhang
This article explores racial stratification in work environments. Inequality scholars have long identified racial disparities in wage and occupational attainment, but workers’ careers and well-being are also shaped by elements of their work environment, including firm...
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Keywords:
Discrimination;
Race;
Equality and Inequality;
Working Conditions;
Personal Development and Career;
Organizational Culture
Zhang, Letian. "Racial Inequality in Work Environments." American Sociological Review 88, no. 2 (April 2023): 252–283.
- 2023
- Working Paper
The Limits of Algorithmic Measures of Race in Studies of Outcome Disparities
By: David S. Scharfstein and Sergey Chernenko
We show that the use of algorithms to predict race has significant limitations in measuring and understanding the sources of racial disparities in finance, economics, and other contexts. First, we derive theoretically the direction and magnitude of measurement bias in...
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Keywords:
Racial Disparity;
Paycheck Protection Program;
Measurement Error;
AI and Machine Learning;
Race;
Measurement and Metrics;
Equality and Inequality;
Prejudice and Bias;
Forecasting and Prediction;
Outcome or Result
Scharfstein, David S., and Sergey Chernenko. "The Limits of Algorithmic Measures of Race in Studies of Outcome Disparities." Working Paper, April 2023.
- March 2023 (Revised May 2023)
- Case
OneTen at Delta Air Lines: Catalyzing Family-Sustaining Careers for Black Talent (A)
By: Linda A. Hill and Lydia Begag
It was December 10, 2020, and Ed Bastian, the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Delta Air Lines (Delta), had just finished a meeting with Joanne Smith, Executive Vice President and Chief People Officer, and Keyra Lynn Johnson, the Chief Diversity and Inclusion Officer....
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Keywords:
Recruitment;
Training;
Race;
Equality and Inequality;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Job Design and Levels;
Air Transportation Industry;
United States
Hill, Linda A., and Lydia Begag. "OneTen at Delta Air Lines: Catalyzing Family-Sustaining Careers for Black Talent (A)." Harvard Business School Case 423-072, March 2023. (Revised May 2023.)
- 2023
- Article
Bridging the Gap with the ‘New’ Economic History of Africa
By: Ewout Frankema and Marlous van Waijenburg
This review article seeks to build bridges between mainstream African history and the more historically oriented branch of the ‘new’ economic history of Africa. We survey four central topics of the new economic history of Africa—growth, trade, labor, and inequality—and...
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Keywords:
Economic Growth;
Trade;
Labor;
Equality and Inequality;
Development Economics;
History;
Africa
Frankema, Ewout, and Marlous van Waijenburg. "Bridging the Gap with the ‘New’ Economic History of Africa." Journal of African History 64, no. 1 (2023): 38–61.
- February 2023
- Case
Success Academy Charter Schools
By: Robin Greenwood, Joshua D. Coval, Denise Han, Ruth Page and Dave Habeeb
This stand-alone multimedia case follows the story of Eva Moskowitz and Success Academy, a network of high-performing charter schools in New York City. As a New York City councilor between 1999 and 2006, Moskowitz became frustrated over the inertia and dysfunction in...
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Keywords:
Business and Government Relations;
Performance Effectiveness;
Equality and Inequality;
Private Sector;
Education Industry;
New York (city, NY)
Greenwood, Robin, Joshua D. Coval, Denise Han, Ruth Page, and Dave Habeeb. "Success Academy Charter Schools." Harvard Business School Multimedia/Video Case 222-707, February 2023.
- February 13, 2023
- Editorial
The Secret Tax on Women’s Time
By: Lauren C. Howe, Lindsay B. Howe and Ashley V. Whillans
When studies revealed the so-called pink tax, showing in 2015 that personal hygiene products “for her” cost 13% more than similar products for men, it caused outrage and action. The irony that women, despite generally having fewer financial resources than men, are...
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Howe, Lauren C., Lindsay B. Howe, and Ashley V. Whillans. "The Secret Tax on Women’s Time." Time 201, nos. 5-6 (February 13, 2023): 29.
- February 2024
- Article
An Economic Framework for Vaccine Prioritization
By: Mohammad Akbarpour, Eric Budish, Piotr Dworczak and Scott Duke Kominers
We propose an economic framework for determining the optimal allocation of a scarce supply of vaccines that become gradually available during a public health crisis, such as the Covid-19 pandemic. Agents differ in observable and unobservable characteristics, and the...
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Keywords:
Vaccine;
Fairness;
Public Finance;
Public Goods;
Allocation Problems;
Allocative Efficiency;
Allocation Rules;
Social Welfare;
Pandemics;
Inequality;
COVID-19;
COVID-19 Pandemic;
Public Sector;
Resource Allocation;
Market Design;
Marketplace Matching;
Public Administration Industry
Akbarpour, Mohammad, Eric Budish, Piotr Dworczak, and Scott Duke Kominers. "An Economic Framework for Vaccine Prioritization." Quarterly Journal of Economics 139, no. 1 (February 2024): 359–417. (Authors' names are in certified random order.)
- January 2023
- Case
Natura: Weathering the Pandemic at Brazil's Cosmetic Giant
By: Brian Trelstad, Pedro Levindo and Carla Larangeira
Brazil's Natura, a multi-brand cosmetics group, has taken several measures to safeguard the livelihoods of its thousands of employees and millions of sales representatives during the COVID-19 health and economic crisis. The company has also made strides in its efforts...
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Keywords:
COVID-19 Pandemic;
ESG Reporting;
Acquisition;
Customer Focus and Relationships;
Decision Making;
Social Entrepreneurship;
Environmental Sustainability;
Environmental Management;
Climate Change;
Ethics;
Moral Sensibility;
Values and Beliefs;
Global Strategy;
Corporate Governance;
Health Pandemics;
Human Resources;
Human Capital;
Crisis Management;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Marketing;
Distribution Channels;
Supply Chain;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Mission and Purpose;
Organizational Culture;
Customer Ownership;
Relationships;
Business and Community Relations;
Business and Stakeholder Relations;
Networks;
Partners and Partnerships;
Science-Based Business;
Reputation;
Human Needs;
Social Issues;
Strategy;
Equality and Inequality;
Beauty and Cosmetics Industry;
Brazil;
Latin America
- January 2023
- Article
Inequality Regimes in Sub-Saharan Africa from Precolonial Times to the Present
By: Ewout Frankema, Michiel de Haas and Marlous van Waijenburg
While current levels of economic inequality in Sub-Saharan Africa receive ample attention from academics and policymakers, we know little about the long-run evolution of inequality in the region. Even the new and influential ‘global inequality literature’ that is...
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Frankema, Ewout, Michiel de Haas, and Marlous van Waijenburg. "Inequality Regimes in Sub-Saharan Africa from Precolonial Times to the Present." African Affairs 122, no. 486 (January 2023): 57–94.
- August 2023
- Article
Taking Stock of the Implementation Gap in Climate Policy
By: Taryn Fransen, Jonas Meckling, Anna Stunzi, Tobias Schmidt, Florian Egli, Nicolas Schmid and Christopher Beaton
A gap persists between the emissions reductions pledged by countries under the Paris Agreement and those resulting from their domestic policies. We argue that this gap in fact contains two parts: one in the policies that countries adopt, and the other in the outcomes...
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Keywords:
Emission Reduction;
Outcome or Result;
Policy;
Environmental Regulation;
Equality and Inequality
Fransen, Taryn, Jonas Meckling, Anna Stunzi, Tobias Schmidt, Florian Egli, Nicolas Schmid, and Christopher Beaton. "Taking Stock of the Implementation Gap in Climate Policy." Nature Climate Change 13, no. 8 (August 2023): 752–755.
- 2022
- Working Paper
Credit and the Family: The Economic Consequences of Closing the Credit Gap of U.S. Couples
By: Olivia S. Kim
Closing disparities in credit access between spouses can help reduce consumption inequality in the household. The 2013 reversal of the Truth-in-Lending Act increased the borrowing capacity of secondary earners in equitable-distribution states but not in...
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Keywords:
Household;
Credit;
Equality and Inequality;
Income;
Policy;
Family and Family Relationships
Kim, Olivia S. "Credit and the Family: The Economic Consequences of Closing the Credit Gap of U.S. Couples." Working Paper, December 2022.
- Winter 2022
- Article
Distributing a Billion Vaccines: COVAX Successes, Challenges, and Opportunities
By: Eric Budish, Hannah Kettler, Scott Duke Kominers, Erik Osland, Canice Prendergast and Andrew A. Torkelson
By January 2022, the COVAX international vaccine collaboration had allocated over a billion vaccines to over 140 countries. We describe and review the allocation process chosen, which reflected both an objective of equitably distributing vaccines across the world and...
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Keywords:
Vaccines;
Pandemics;
Health Care and Treatment;
Health Pandemics;
Distribution;
Supply Chain;
Equality and Inequality
Budish, Eric, Hannah Kettler, Scott Duke Kominers, Erik Osland, Canice Prendergast, and Andrew A. Torkelson. "Distributing a Billion Vaccines: COVAX Successes, Challenges, and Opportunities." Oxford Review of Economic Policy 38, no. 4 (Winter 2022): 941–974.
- November 2022
- Case
'A Marshall Plan for Africa': James Mwangi and Equity Group Holdings
By: Caroline M. Elkins, Debora L. Spar, Zeke Gillman and Julia M. Comeau
Elkins, Caroline M., Debora L. Spar, Zeke Gillman, and Julia M. Comeau. "'A Marshall Plan for Africa': James Mwangi and Equity Group Holdings." Harvard Business School Case 323-048, November 2022.
- November 11, 2022
- Editorial
Finally Companies Have to Be Upfront about Job Pay Ranges
The significance of pay transparency laws is their role in moving American workplaces away from bias and closer to equal opportunity.
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Keywords:
Pay;
Salary;
Pay Gap;
Transparency;
Wages;
Compensation and Benefits;
Recruitment;
Equality and Inequality
Kanter, Rosabeth Moss. "Finally Companies Have to Be Upfront about Job Pay Ranges." CNN.com (November 11, 2022). (Opinion.)
- November 2022
- Article
Measuring Inequality beyond the Gini Coefficient May Clarify Conflicting Findings
By: Kristin Blesch, Oliver P. Hauser and Jon M. Jachimowicz
Prior research has found mixed results on how economic inequality is related to various outcomes. These contradicting findings may in part stem from a predominant focus on the Gini coefficient, which only narrowly captures inequality. Here, we conceptualize the...
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Keywords:
Economic Inequalty;
Gini Coefficient;
Income Inequality;
Equality and Inequality;
Social Issues;
Health;
Status and Position
Blesch, Kristin, Oliver P. Hauser, and Jon M. Jachimowicz. "Measuring Inequality beyond the Gini Coefficient May Clarify Conflicting Findings." Nature Human Behaviour 6, no. 11 (November 2022): 1525–1536.
- October 2022
- Case
Afrigen Biologics: Vaccines for the Global South
By: Debora L. Spar and Julia Comeau
The majority of vaccines used on the continent of Africa (99%) are produced offshore. This makes African nations reliant on the West for major health care needs, a problem which was exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Afrigen Biologics (in partnership with the WHO)...
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Keywords:
Vaccination;
Vaccine;
mRNA;
COVID;
COVID-19;
Inequity;
Hub-and-spoke;
Health Care and Treatment;
Health Pandemics;
Production;
Social Issues;
Business and Government Relations;
South Africa;
Africa
Spar, Debora L., and Julia Comeau. "Afrigen Biologics: Vaccines for the Global South." Harvard Business School Case 323-030, October 2022.
- September 2022
- Case
HPP: Tapping the Netherlands’ Potential
By: Brian Trelstad and Idelès Kaandorp
Stichting Het Potentieel Pakken (HPP) was launched to solve a systemic problem in the Dutch Labor Market: gender inequity that was leading to a large number of women to work part-time in fields that were in desperately short supply of labor, like health care, child...
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Keywords:
COVID-19 Pandemic;
Grants;
Scaling And Growth;
Nonprofit Organizations;
Opportunities;
Gender;
Income;
Employment;
Health Care and Treatment;
Human Capital;
Mission and Purpose;
Motivation and Incentives;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Employment Industry;
Health Industry;
Education Industry;
Consulting Industry;
Europe;
Netherlands
Trelstad, Brian, and Idelès Kaandorp. "HPP: Tapping the Netherlands’ Potential." Harvard Business School Case 323-024, September 2022.
- September 2022
- Article
Regulatory Spillover and Workplace Racial Inequality
By: Letian Zhang
This paper suggests that affirmative action bans in the U.S. public sector may influence racial inequality in the private sector. Since the 1990s, nine states have banned affirmative action practice in public universities and state governments. Though these bans have...
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Keywords:
Inequality;
Regulation;
Law;
Organizational Norm;
CEO;
Affirmative Action;
Organizations;
Private Sector;
Equality and Inequality;
Diversity;
Race;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms
Zhang, Letian. "Regulatory Spillover and Workplace Racial Inequality." Administrative Science Quarterly 67, no. 3 (September 2022): 595–629.
- August 29, 2022
- Other Article
Income Inequality Is Rising. Are We Even Measuring It Correctly?
By: Jon M. Jachimowicz, K. Blesch and Oliver P. Hauser
Income inequality is on the rise in many countries around the world, according to the United Nations. What’s more, disparities in global income were exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, with some countries facing greater economic losses than others.
Policymakers...
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Keywords:
Income Inequality;
Gini Coefficient;
COVID-19 Pandemic;
Government Administration;
Equality and Inequality;
Health Pandemics;
Measurement and Metrics
Jachimowicz, Jon M., K. Blesch, and Oliver P. Hauser. "Income Inequality Is Rising. Are We Even Measuring It Correctly?" Harvard Business School Working Knowledge (August 29, 2022).