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All HBS Web
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- Faculty Publications (61)
Paradox →
- Article
Who Will Vote Quadratically? Voter Turnout and Votes Cast Under Quadratic Voting
By: Louis Kaplow and Scott Duke Kominers
Who will vote quadratically in large-N elections under quadratic voting (QV)? First, who will vote? Although the core QV literature assumes that everyone votes, turnout is endogenous. Drawing on other work, we consider the representativeness of endogenously...
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Keywords:
Voting Turnout;
Paradox Of Voting;
Quadratic Voting;
Pivotality;
Elections;
Voting;
Political Elections;
Mathematical Methods
Kaplow, Louis, and Scott Duke Kominers. "Who Will Vote Quadratically? Voter Turnout and Votes Cast Under Quadratic Voting." Special Issue on Quadratic Voting and the Public Good. Public Choice 172, nos. 1-2 (July 2017): 125–149.
- 2017
- Chapter
Institutional Theory and the Natural Environment: Building Research Through Tensions and Paradox
By: P. Devereaux Jennings and Andrew J. Hoffman
The focus of institutional theory is directed towards an understanding of situations where context is strong and binding, yet subtly experienced; where agency is often diffuse, embodied in an arrangement or system of actors rather than in an individual; and where...
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Jennings, P. Devereaux, and Andrew J. Hoffman. "Institutional Theory and the Natural Environment: Building Research Through Tensions and Paradox." Chap. 29 in The SAGE Handbook of Organizational Institutionalism. 2nd ed. Edited by Royston Greenwood, Christine Oliver, Thomas B. Lawrence, and Renate E. Meyer, 759–785. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, 2017.
- May 2016
- Article
'Both/And' Leadership
By: Wendy K. Smith, Marianne Lewis and Michael Tushman
Leaders face a multitude of strategic paradoxes—contradictory pressures that are too often viewed as "either/or" choices. There are innovation paradoxes, in which the pursuit of new offerings and processes conflicts with the mandate to sustain the tried and...
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Smith, Wendy K., Marianne Lewis, and Michael Tushman. "'Both/And' Leadership." Harvard Business Review 94, no. 5 (May 2016): 62–70.
- January 2016
- Teaching Note
Groom Energy Solutions: Selling Efficiency
By: Michael W. Toffel, Kira Fabrizio and Stephanie van Sice
This case examines a start-up service provider that helps clients improve the energy efficiency of their factories, warehouses, and commercial and office spaces by integrating and installing lighting, heating, and cooling technologies. The company seeks to double...
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- December 2015
- Article
Harnessing Productive Tensions in Hybrid Organizations: The Case of Work Integration Social Enterprises
By: Julie Battilana, Metin Sengul, Anne-Claire Pache and Jacob Model
We examine the factors that influence the social performance of hybrid organizations that pursue a social mission, and sustain their operations through commercial activities, by studying work integration social enterprises (WISEs). We argue that social imprinting and...
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Keywords:
Hybrid Organizations;
Social Enterprise;
Social Entrepreneurship;
Organizations;
Performance Productivity
Battilana, Julie, Metin Sengul, Anne-Claire Pache, and Jacob Model. "Harnessing Productive Tensions in Hybrid Organizations: The Case of Work Integration Social Enterprises." Academy of Management Journal 58, no. 6 (December 2015): 1658–1685.
- Article
Reflections on the 2013 Decade Award: 'Exploitation, Exploration, and Process Management: The Productivity Dilemma Revisited' Ten Years Later
By: Mary Benner and Michael Tushman
This paper reflects on Benner and Tushman (2003): "Exploitation, Exploration, and Process Management: The Productivity Dilemma Revisited." Our paper received the Academy of Management Review's best paper award in 2003 and the decade award in 2013. We consider the...
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Keywords:
Organizations;
Innovation and Invention;
Performance Productivity;
Innovation and Management
Benner, Mary, and Michael Tushman. "Reflections on the 2013 Decade Award: 'Exploitation, Exploration, and Process Management: The Productivity Dilemma Revisited' Ten Years Later." Academy of Management Review 40, no. 4 (October 2015): 497–514.
- 2015
- Chapter
Diversity in Groups
By: Catarina Fernandes and Jeff Polzer
Diversity has the potential to either disrupt group functioning or, conversely, be the source of collective creativity and insight. These two divergent perspectives pose a paradox that has held the attention of scholars for many years. In response, researchers have...
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Fernandes, Catarina, and Jeff Polzer. "Diversity in Groups." In Emerging Trends in the Social and Behavioral Sciences: An Interdisciplinary, Searchable, and Linkable Resource, edited by Robert A. Scott and Stephen M. Kosslyn. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2015. Electronic.
- January 2015 (Revised July 2019)
- Case
Rebranding Godiva: The Yıldız Strategy
By: Rohit Deshpande and Esel Çekin
This case concerns Yıldız Holding’s acquisition of Godiva Chocolatier from its previous owner, Campbell Soup, and its salient strategy in preserving Godiva’s “made in Belgian” brand position. Provenance Paradox, a problem faced by companies in emerging countries trying...
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Keywords:
Branding;
Internationalization;
Provenance Paradox;
Acquisitions;
Positioning;
Innovation;
Customer-centricity;
Brands and Branding;
Marketing Strategy;
Emerging Markets;
Product Positioning;
Change Management;
Innovation and Management;
Customer Focus and Relationships;
Food and Beverage Industry;
North America;
Turkey;
Japan
Deshpande, Rohit, and Esel Çekin. "Rebranding Godiva: The Yıldız Strategy." Harvard Business School Case 515-059, January 2015. (Revised July 2019.)
- February 2013 (Revised December 2015)
- Case
Groom Energy Solutions: Selling Efficiency
By: Michael W. Toffel, Kira R. Fabrizio and Stephanie van Sice
Groom Energy Solutions helps organizations reduce their energy use and costs through the implementation of energy efficiency measures, which create long-term financial and environmental benefits. With early success serving customers in the cold storage and industrial...
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Keywords:
Groom Energy Solutions;
Jon Guerster;
Salem, MA;
Energy Management;
Energy Efficiency Paradox;
Sustainability Management;
Manufacturing;
Cold Storage;
Commercial Real Estate;
Enterprise Smart Grid;
Carbon Accounting;
LED Lighting;
Sustainability Research;
Entrepreneurship;
Environmental Entrepreneurship;
Energy Entrepreneurship;
Energy Services;
Electricity;
Startup;
Expansion;
Growth;
Sustainability;
Business Startups;
Forecasting and Prediction;
Energy Conservation;
Revenue;
Geographic Location;
Human Resources;
Management;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Market Entry and Exit;
Operations;
Service Delivery;
Strategic Planning;
Science;
Environmental Sustainability;
Climate Change;
Society;
Social Issues;
Technology Adoption;
Energy Industry;
Green Technology Industry;
Technology Industry;
Utilities Industry;
United States;
Boston
Toffel, Michael W., Kira R. Fabrizio, and Stephanie van Sice. "Groom Energy Solutions: Selling Efficiency." Harvard Business School Case 613-054, February 2013. (Revised December 2015.)
- June 2012
- Class Lecture
Why You're Not Buying Venezuelan Chocolate: The Provenance Paradox
By: Rohit Deshpandé
A product's country of origin establishes its authenticity. This is the provenance paradox. Consumers associate certain geographies with the best products: French wine, Italian sports cars, Swiss watches. Competing products from other countries - especially developing...
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Keywords:
Global Business;
Branding;
Strategic Planning;
Strategic Positioning;
Emergent Countries;
Consumer Perception;
Developing Markets;
Brands and Branding;
Geographic Location;
Globalized Markets and Industries;
Perception;
Emerging Markets;
Product Positioning;
Global Strategy;
Marketing Strategy;
Food and Beverage Industry;
Venezuela
Deshpandé, Rohit. "Why You're Not Buying Venezuelan Chocolate: The Provenance Paradox ." Harvard Business School Class Lecture 512-703, June 2012.
- November 2011
- Article
Paradoxical Frames and Creative Sparks: Enhancing Individual Creativity through Conflict and Integration
By: E. Miron-Spektor, F. Gino and L. Argote
Miron-Spektor, E., F. Gino, and L. Argote. "Paradoxical Frames and Creative Sparks: Enhancing Individual Creativity through Conflict and Integration." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 116, no. 2 (November 2011): 229–240.
- Forthcoming
- Chapter
Organizational Sustainability: Organization Design and Senior Leadership to Enable Strategic Paradox
By: Wendy K. Smith, Marianne W. Lewis and Michael L. Tushman
Smith, Wendy K., Marianne W. Lewis, and Michael L. Tushman. "Organizational Sustainability: Organization Design and Senior Leadership to Enable Strategic Paradox." Chap. 61 in The Oxford Handbook of Positive Organizational Scholarship, by Kim S. Cameron and Gretchen M. Spreitzer, 798–810. Oxford Library of Psychology. Oxford University Press, 2011.
- July – August 2011
- Article
The Paradox of Samsung's Rise
By: Tarun Khanna, Jaeyong Song and Kyungmook Lee
Twenty years ago, few people would have predicted that Samsung could transform itself from a low-cost original equipment manufacturer to a world leader in R&D, marketing, and design, with a brand more valuable than Pepsi, Nike, or American Express. Fewer still would...
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Keywords:
Organizational Design;
Research and Development;
Marketing;
Business Processes;
Brands and Branding;
System;
Globalized Markets and Industries;
Transformation;
Cost;
Forecasting and Prediction;
Production;
Quality;
China;
India;
Turkey
Khanna, Tarun, Jaeyong Song, and Kyungmook Lee. "The Paradox of Samsung's Rise." Harvard Business Review 89, nos. 7-8 (July–August 2011): 142–147.
- June 2011
- Article
The Paradox of Excellence
By: Thomas J. DeLong and Sara DeLong
Why is it that so many smart, ambitious professionals are less productive and satisfied than they could be? We argue that it's often because they're afraid to demonstrate any sign of weakness. They're reluctant to ask important questions or try new...
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Keywords:
Employees;
Innovation and Invention;
Strength and Weakness;
Performance Productivity;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Motivation and Incentives;
Satisfaction
DeLong, Thomas J., and Sara DeLong. "The Paradox of Excellence." Harvard Business Review 89, no. 6 (June 2011).
- 2011
- Working Paper
Embracing Paradox
By: Michael Tushman, Wendy K. Smith and Andy Binns
Trying to resolve the paradox between innovation and the core business only weakens the CEO and dooms the company. Exceptional leaders embrace tensions associated with exploiting prior strategies even as they explore into the future.
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Keywords:
Cash Flow;
Innovation Strategy;
Leadership;
Management Teams;
Resource Allocation;
Conflict of Interests;
Business Strategy
Tushman, Michael, Wendy K. Smith, and Andy Binns. "Embracing Paradox." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 11-110, April 2011.
- December 2010
- Article
Why You Aren't Buying Venezuelan Chocolate
By: Rohit Deshpandé
The article discusses the "provenance paradox," wherein consumers are unwilling to buy high-quality products from regions not commonly associated with excellence in certain product categories. Venezuelan chocolate maker Chocolates El Rey does little international...
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Keywords:
Geographic Location;
Global Strategy;
Globalized Markets and Industries;
Brands and Branding;
Marketing Strategy;
Product Marketing;
Emerging Markets;
Food and Beverage Industry;
Venezuela
Deshpandé, Rohit. "Why You Aren't Buying Venezuelan Chocolate." Harvard Business Review 88, no. 12 (December 2010).
- April 2010
- Article
Complex Business Models: Managing Strategic Paradoxes Simultaneously
By: Wendy K. Smith, Andrew Binns and Michael Tushman
Smith, Wendy K., Andrew Binns, and Michael Tushman. "Complex Business Models: Managing Strategic Paradoxes Simultaneously." Special Issue on Business Models. Long Range Planning 43, no. 2 (April 2010): 448–461.
- April 2010
- Article
Managed Globalization: Doctrine, Practice, and Promise
By: Rawi Abdelal and Sophie Meunier
Two alternate visions for shaping and explaining the governance of economic globalization have been in competition for the past 20 years: an ad hoc, laissez-faire vision promoted by the United States versus a managed vision relying on multilateral rules and...
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Keywords:
Financial Crisis;
Trade;
Globalized Economies and Regions;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Competition;
European Union;
United States
Abdelal, Rawi, and Sophie Meunier. "Managed Globalization: Doctrine, Practice, and Promise." Journal of European Public Policy 17, no. 3 (April 2010): 349–366.
- 2009
- Chapter
Institutional Work and the Paradox of Embedded Agency
By: Julie Battilana and Thomas D'Aunno
Battilana, Julie, and Thomas D'Aunno. "Institutional Work and the Paradox of Embedded Agency." In Institutional Work: Actors and Agency in Institutional Studies of Organizations, edited by T. Lawrence, R. Suddaby, and B. Leca, 31–58. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
- 2008
- Working Paper
Embracing Commitment and Performance: CEOs and Practices Used to Manage Paradox
By: Tobias Fredberg, Michael Beer, Russell Eisenstat, Nathaniel Foote and Flemming Norrgren
We tend to assume that great leaders must make difficult choices between two or more conflicting outcomes. In an interview study with 26 CEOs of top American and European companies (incl. IKEA, Campbell Soups, Nokia, H&M), we find that instead of choosing between...
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Keywords:
Leadership;
Managerial Roles;
Performance;
Strategy;
Management Practices and Processes;
Decision Choices and Conditions
Fredberg, Tobias, Michael Beer, Russell Eisenstat, Nathaniel Foote, and Flemming Norrgren. "Embracing Commitment and Performance: CEOs and Practices Used to Manage Paradox." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 08-052, January 2008.