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All HBS Web
(3,406)
- Faculty Publications (428)
- 2020
- Working Paper
Iterative Coordination and Innovation
By: Sourobh Ghosh and Andy Wu
Agile management practices from the software industry continue to transform the way organizations innovate across industries, yet they remain understudied in the organizations literature. We investigate the widespread Agile practice of iterative coordination: frequent...
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Keywords:
Innovation;
Goals;
Specialization;
Coordination;
Field Experiment;
Software Development;
Organizations;
Collaborative Innovation and Invention;
Goals and Objectives;
Integration;
Software
Ghosh, Sourobh, and Andy Wu. "Iterative Coordination and Innovation." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-121, January 2020.
- April 2020 (Revised August 2020)
- Case
WeWork—November 2018
By: Paul A. Gompers, Patrick Sweeney and Alex Gachanja
In May 2017, SoftBank announced the official launch of the Vision Fund — which promptly became the largest technology-focused investment fund in the world, with nearly $100 billion in capital under its management. Reports from a few months prior hinted that SoftBank...
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Gompers, Paul A., Patrick Sweeney, and Alex Gachanja. "WeWork—November 2018." Harvard Business School Case 220-075, April 2020. (Revised August 2020.)
- March 2020 (Revised February 2023)
- Case
Performance Management at Afreximbank (A)
By: Robert S. Kaplan, Siko Sikochi and Josh Steimle
Based in Cairo, Afreximbank was founded in October 1993 as a specialized continental financial institution designed to address the low level of intra-African trade, the decline in financial flows to Africa, the worsening external debt situation of many African...
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Keywords:
Performance Management;
Balanced Scorecard;
Performance Expectations;
Performance Evaluation;
Performance Improvement;
Organizational Culture;
Strategy;
Banking Industry;
Africa;
Egypt
Kaplan, Robert S., Siko Sikochi, and Josh Steimle. "Performance Management at Afreximbank (A)." Harvard Business School Case 120-029, March 2020. (Revised February 2023.)
- March 2020
- Technical Note
Influencer Marketing
By: Jill Avery and Ayelet Israeli
Despite a heavy barrage of advertising, most consumers declare that their purchases are most influenced by the experiences, advice, and recommendations of others, and not by marketers. Interpersonal communication between and among consumers serves as a potent path for...
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Keywords:
Influencers;
Marketing;
Marketing Communications;
Brands and Branding;
Marketing Strategy;
Media and Broadcasting Industry;
Advertising Industry;
Consumer Products Industry
Avery, Jill, and Ayelet Israeli. "Influencer Marketing." Harvard Business School Technical Note 520-075, March 2020.
- March 2020
- Article
Is This My Group or Not? The Role of Ensemble Coding of Emotional Expressions in Group Categorization
By: Amit Goldenberg, Timothy D. Sweeny, Emmanuel Shpigel and James J. Gross
When exposed to others’ emotional responses, people often make rapid decisions as to whether these others are members of their group or not. These group categorization decisions have been shown to be extremely important to understanding group behavior. Yet, despite...
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Keywords:
Categorization;
Ensemble Coding;
Summary Statistical Perception;
Social Cognition;
Emotions;
Perception;
Groups and Teams
Goldenberg, Amit, Timothy D. Sweeny, Emmanuel Shpigel, and James J. Gross. "Is This My Group or Not? The Role of Ensemble Coding of Emotional Expressions in Group Categorization." Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 149, no. 3 (March 2020).
- February 2020 (Revised June 2020)
- Background Note
China Commerce 2020
By: William R. Kerr, Daniel O'Connor and Nathaniel Schwalb
China's digital commerce platforms engage billions of consumers daily across a number of routine tasks from banking, retail purchases, travel, gaming, payments, and more. These platforms are the most sophisticated/informed and highest performing/capable in the world....
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Keywords:
Platforms;
Strategy;
Leadership;
E-commerce;
Digital Platforms;
Retail Industry;
Technology Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
China
Kerr, William R., Daniel O'Connor, and Nathaniel Schwalb. "China Commerce 2020." Harvard Business School Background Note 820-014, February 2020. (Revised June 2020.)
- January–February 2020
- Article
Competing in the Age of AI
By: Marco Iansiti and Karim R. Lakhani
Today’s markets are being reshaped by a new kind of firm—one in which artificial intelligence (AI) runs the show. This cohort includes giants like Google, Facebook, and Alibaba, and growing businesses such as Wayfair and Ocado. Every time we use their services, the...
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Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence;
Algorithms;
Technological Innovation;
Business Model;
Competition;
Competitive Strategy;
AI and Machine Learning
Iansiti, Marco, and Karim R. Lakhani. "Competing in the Age of AI." Harvard Business Review 98, no. 1 (January–February 2020): 60–67.
- 2020
- Working Paper
Reinventing Retail: The Novel Resurgence of Independent Bookstores
By: Ryan Raffaelli
This study examines how community-based brick-and-mortar retailers can achieve sustained market growth in the face of online and big box retail competition. The appearance of Amazon.com in 1995 led to a significant decline in the number of independent bookstores in the...
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Keywords:
Bookstores;
Competitive Strategy;
Business and Community Relations;
Customization and Personalization;
Growth and Development;
Retail Industry;
United States
Raffaelli, Ryan. "Reinventing Retail: The Novel Resurgence of Independent Bookstores." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-068, January 2020.
- Article
Detecting Adversarial Attacks via Subset Scanning of Autoencoder Activations and Reconstruction Error
By: Celia Cintas, Skyler Speakman, Victor Akinwande, William Ogallo, Komminist Weldemariam, Srihari Sridharan and Edward McFowland III
Reliably detecting attacks in a given set of inputs is of high practical relevance because of the vulnerability of neural networks to adversarial examples. These altered inputs create a security risk in applications with real-world consequences, such as self-driving...
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Keywords:
Autoencoder Networks;
Pattern Detection;
Subset Scanning;
Computer Vision;
Statistical Methods And Machine Learning;
Machine Learning;
Deep Learning;
Data Mining;
Big Data;
Large-scale Systems;
Mathematical Methods;
Analytics and Data Science
Cintas, Celia, Skyler Speakman, Victor Akinwande, William Ogallo, Komminist Weldemariam, Srihari Sridharan, and Edward McFowland III. "Detecting Adversarial Attacks via Subset Scanning of Autoencoder Activations and Reconstruction Error." Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence 29th (2020).
- January 2020
- Article
Jack of All Trades and Master of Knowledge: The Role of Diversification in New Distant Knowledge Integration
By: Frank Nagle and Florenta Teodoridis
We consider the role of individual-level diversification as a mechanism through which skilled researchers engage in successful exploration—recognizing and integrating new knowledge external to one’s domains of expertise. To approach an ideal experiment, we (1) employ a...
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Keywords:
Individual-level Knowledge Diversification;
Novel Knowledge;
Knowledge Acquisition;
Diversification;
Innovation and Invention;
Research
Nagle, Frank, and Florenta Teodoridis. "Jack of All Trades and Master of Knowledge: The Role of Diversification in New Distant Knowledge Integration." Strategic Management Journal 41, no. 1 (January 2020): 55–85.
- December 2019
- Article
Costly Concessions: An Empirical Framework for Matching with Imperfectly Transferable Utility
By: Alfred Galichon, Scott Duke Kominers and Simon Weber
We introduce an empirical framework for models of matching with imperfectly transferable utility and unobserved heterogeneity in tastes. Our framework allows us to characterize matching equilibrium in a flexible way that includes as special cases the classic fully- and...
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Keywords:
Sorting;
Matching;
Marriage Market;
Intrahousehold Allocation;
Imperfectly Transferable Utility;
Marketplace Matching;
Mathematical Methods
Galichon, Alfred, Scott Duke Kominers, and Simon Weber. "Costly Concessions: An Empirical Framework for Matching with Imperfectly Transferable Utility." Journal of Political Economy 127, no. 6 (December 2019): 2875–2925.
- Article
The Role of Interactivity in Local Differential Privacy
By: Matthew Joseph, Jieming Mao, Seth Neel and Aaron Leon Roth
We study the power of interactivity in local differential privacy. First, we focus on the difference between fully interactive and sequentially interactive protocols. Sequentially interactive protocols may query users adaptively in sequence, but they cannot return to...
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Joseph, Matthew, Jieming Mao, Seth Neel, and Aaron Leon Roth. "The Role of Interactivity in Local Differential Privacy." Proceedings of the IEEE Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (FOCS) 60th (2019).
- November 2019 (Revised May 2021)
- Case
DeepGreen - the Metals Company and Polymetallic Nodules
The world has begun a “green transition”—a move to reduce carbon emissions. Part of this will entail a growing shift to electric vehicles. Huge amounts of metals—cobalt, nickel, and copper—will be needed to supply electric vehicles. Mining these on land, however, is...
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Keywords:
Polymetallic Nodules;
Seabed Mining;
Entrepreneurial Finance;
Metals and Minerals;
Mining;
Entrepreneurship;
Finance;
Problems and Challenges
Vietor, Richard H.K. "DeepGreen - the Metals Company and Polymetallic Nodules." Harvard Business School Case 720-016, November 2019. (Revised May 2021.)
- October 2019
- Article
Limited Investment Capital and Credit Spreads
Using proprietary credit default swap (CDS) data, I investigate how capital shocks at protection sellers impact pricing in the CDS market. Seller capital shocks—measured as CDS portfolio margin payments—account for 12% of the time-series variation in weekly spread...
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Keywords:
Credit Risk;
Derivatives;
Credit Derivatives and Swaps;
Capital Markets;
Credit;
Financial Institutions
Siriwardane, Emil N. "Limited Investment Capital and Credit Spreads." Journal of Finance 74, no. 5 (October 2019): 2303–2347.
- October 2019 (Revised February 2021)
- Case
Myanmar: Special Economic Zones
By: Willy Shih and Dawn Lau
This case examines four Special Economic Zones in Myanmar. While the country's development had been hobbled by a complex history of military rule, ethnic conflict, and international sanctions, as it pursued liberalization it sought avenues to developing its economy....
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Keywords:
Economic Development;
Emerging Economies;
Special Economic Zones (SEZs);
Development Economics;
Developing Countries and Economies;
Manufacturing Industry;
Energy Industry;
Southeast Asia;
Myanmar
Shih, Willy, and Dawn Lau. "Myanmar: Special Economic Zones." Harvard Business School Case 620-027, October 2019. (Revised February 2021.)
- October 2019
- Article
Returns to Talent and the Finance Wage Premium
By: Boris Vallée and Claire Célérier
To study the role of talent in finance workers' pay, we exploit a special feature of the French higher education system. Wage returns to talent have been significantly higher and have risen faster in finance since the 1980s than in other sectors. Both wage returns to...
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Vallée, Boris, and Claire Célérier. "Returns to Talent and the Finance Wage Premium." Review of Financial Studies 32, no. 10 (October 2019): 4005–4040.
- September 2019 (Revised December 2019)
- Case
Google: To TVC or Not to TVC?
By: William R. Kerr and Carl Kreitzberg
In late 2018, evidence emerged that many of Google’s temporary help agency workers, vendors, and independent contractors (“TVCs”) were unhappy with the company. TVCs, who reportedly made up 49.95% of Google’s 170,000-person global workforce, had raised concerns of...
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Keywords:
Workforce;
Independent Contractors;
Talent Management;
Silicon Valley;
Google;
Employee Attitude;
Employee Compensation;
Employee Engagement;
Future Of Work;
Innovation;
Innovation And Strategy;
Inequality;
Talent Acquisition;
Labor;
Talent and Talent Management;
Strategy;
Technological Innovation;
Employees;
Attitudes;
Innovation and Management;
Human Resources;
Equality and Inequality;
Information Technology Industry;
United States;
San Francisco
Kerr, William R., and Carl Kreitzberg. "Google: To TVC or Not to TVC?" Harvard Business School Case 820-048, September 2019. (Revised December 2019.)
- September 2019 (Revised September 2020)
- Case
SOFWERX: Innovation at U.S. Special Operations Command (Abridged)
By: Herman Leonard, Mitch Weiss, Jin Hyun Paik and Kerry Herman
James "Hondo" Geurts, the Acquisition Executive for U.S. Special Operations Command was in the middle of his Senate confirmation hearing in 2017 to become Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Research, Development and Acquisition. Overseeing acquisitions in one of the...
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Keywords:
Open Innovation;
Crowdsourcing;
Prototyping;
Navy;
Entrepreneurship;
Public Equity;
Innovation and Invention;
Innovation Leadership;
Acquisition;
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Public Administration Industry;
United States
Leonard, Herman, Mitch Weiss, Jin Hyun Paik, and Kerry Herman. "SOFWERX: Innovation at U.S. Special Operations Command (Abridged)." Harvard Business School Case 820-047, September 2019. (Revised September 2020.)
- August 2019
- Case
Kazakhstan Railways: From the Middle of Nowhere to a Center of Trade?
By: Willy Shih and Esel Çekin
This case describes the evolution of Kazakhstan's rail connectivity strategy post-collapse of the Soviet Union and its now central role in China's Belt and Road Initiative. This meant shifting from a north-south orientation towards an east-west one, as well as the...
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Keywords:
Geopolitics;
China’s Infrastructure Exports: The ‘Belt And Road’ Initiative;
Logistics;
Trade;
Economic Growth;
Geopolitical Units;
Geography;
Rail Transportation;
Rail Industry;
Transportation Industry;
Central Asia;
Kazakhstan;
China
Shih, Willy, and Esel Çekin. "Kazakhstan Railways: From the Middle of Nowhere to a Center of Trade?" Harvard Business School Case 620-020, August 2019.
- August 2019
- Case
Creating Accountability in Afghanistan
By: Jonas Heese, Gerardo Pérez Cavazos, Eugene F. Soltes and Grace Liu
By early 2019, the United States had contributed $132 billion to the Afghan reconstruction. John Sopko, in his role as the Special Inspector General for Afghan Reconstruction (SIGAR), was in charge of providing accountability for U.S. aid funding. Sopko’s oversight...
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Keywords:
Auditing;
Fraud;
Accountability;
Crime and Corruption;
Law Enforcement;
Governance;
Infrastructure;
Information;
Networks;
Strategy;
Afghanistan
Heese, Jonas, Gerardo Pérez Cavazos, Eugene F. Soltes, and Grace Liu. "Creating Accountability in Afghanistan." Harvard Business School Case 120-024, August 2019.