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    • All HBS Web  (321)
      • Faculty Publications  (94)

      Decentralization Remove Decentralization →

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      • March 2022
      • Case

      LooksRare: The Decentralized, Tokenized, NFT Marketplace

      By: Scott Duke Kominers, Shai Bernstein and George Gonzalez
      LooksRare launched a decentralized and anonymous organization to compete against NFT marketplace leader OpenSea. By launching its own cryptocurrency, LooksRare attempted to lure users with a digital rewards program. The nature of the organization and its business...  View Details
      Keywords: Customer Relationship Management; Market Entry and Exit; Business Model; Marketing
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      Kominers, Scott Duke, Shai Bernstein, and George Gonzalez. "LooksRare: The Decentralized, Tokenized, NFT Marketplace." Harvard Business School Case 822-119, March 2022.
      • March 2022 (Revised April 2022)
      • Teaching Note

      Group Functions at the Maersk Group

      By: David J. Collis
      In 2014, seven years after he was appointed CEO of the Danish shipping and oil conglomerate A.P. Møller Maersk (the Maersk Group), Nils Andersen was reexamining the size and role of corporate headquarters in the company he had reshaped as a "premium conglomerate."...  View Details
      Keywords: Maersk; Business Units; Conglomerates; Decentralization; Core Business; Value Added; Synergy; Headquarters; Shipping; Petroleum; Oil And Gas; Drilling; Corporate Strategy; Business Conglomerates; Business Divisions; Transportation Industry; Shipping Industry; Denmark
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      Collis, David J. "Group Functions at the Maersk Group." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 722-417, March 2022. (Revised April 2022.)
      • Article

      Health App Policy: International Comparison of Nine Countries' Approaches

      By: Anna Essén, Ariel Dora Stern, Christoffer Bjerre Haase, Josip Car, Felix Greaves, Dragana Paparova, Steven Vandeput, Rik Wehrens and David W. Bates
      An abundant and growing supply of digital health applications (apps) exists in the commercial tech-sector, which can be bewildering for clinicians, patients, and payers. A growing challenge for the health care system is therefore to facilitate the identification of...  View Details
      Keywords: Digital Health; Apps; Health Care and Treatment; Internet and the Web; Policy; Global Range
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      Essén, Anna, Ariel Dora Stern, Christoffer Bjerre Haase, Josip Car, Felix Greaves, Dragana Paparova, Steven Vandeput, Rik Wehrens, and David W. Bates. "Health App Policy: International Comparison of Nine Countries' Approaches." npj Digital Medicine 5, no. 31 (2022).
      • February 23, 2022
      • Article

      Can WEB3 Bring Back Competition to Digital Platforms?

      By: Christian Catalini and Scott Duke Kominers
      Like the early Internet, blockchain and Web3 applications promise a new wave of decentralization and competition—yet at the same time, it is unclear which of the dynamics that drove concentration in online platforms and services will remain in force under the Web3...  View Details
      Keywords: Web3; Blockchain; Digital Platforms; Interoperability; Internet and the Web; Technological Innovation; Competition
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      Catalini, Christian, and Scott Duke Kominers. "Can WEB3 Bring Back Competition to Digital Platforms?" Competition Policy International (online) (February 23, 2022).
      • January 2022
      • Article

      Artificial Intelligence, Data-Driven Learning, and the Decentralized Structure of Platform Ecosystems

      By: David R. Clough and Andy Wu
      Gregory, Henfridsson, Kaganer, and Kyriakou (2020) highlight the important role of data and AI as strategic resources that platforms may use to enhance user value. However, their article overlooks a significant conceptual distinction: the installed base of...  View Details
      Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Data Strategy; Ecosystem; Value Capture; Digital Platforms; Analytics and Data Science; Strategy; Learning; Value Creation; AI and Machine Learning; Technology Industry; Information Technology Industry; Video Game Industry; Advertising Industry
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      Clough, David R., and Andy Wu. "Artificial Intelligence, Data-Driven Learning, and the Decentralized Structure of Platform Ecosystems." Academy of Management Review 47, no. 1 (January 2022): 184–189.
      • November 18, 2021
      • Article

      With Decentralized Identity, Your Reputation Travels with You Across Cyberspace

      By: Scott Duke Kominers and Jad Esber
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      Kominers, Scott Duke, and Jad Esber. "With Decentralized Identity, Your Reputation Travels with You Across Cyberspace." Future (November 18, 2021).
      • September 24, 2021
      • Article

      A Labor Movement for the Platform Economy

      By: Li Jin, Scott Duke Kominers and Lila Shroff
      Platforms are fundamentally changing the contract between workers and companies—and the workers and creatives that create value for platform companies, and rely on platforms for their livelihoods, often have little power when it comes to getting their concerns...  View Details
      Keywords: Digital Platforms; Gig Workers; Decentralized Collective Action; Internet and the Web; Labor; Labor and Management Relations
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      Jin, Li, Scott Duke Kominers, and Lila Shroff. "A Labor Movement for the Platform Economy." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (September 24, 2021).
      • February 2021
      • Case

      Braintrust: The Blockchain-Powered Talent Network

      By: Christopher Stanton, Joseph B. Fuller and George Gonzalez
      San Francisco startup Braintrust developed a talent network governed and incentivized by a blockchain token as a way to align incentives between clients and freelancers. The COVID-19 pandemic led to a rise of remote work and accelerated the growth of the platform;...  View Details
      Keywords: Freelancers; Blockchain; Talent and Talent Management; Internet and the Web; Business Startups; Growth and Development Strategy; Consulting Industry; United States
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      Stanton, Christopher, Joseph B. Fuller, and George Gonzalez. "Braintrust: The Blockchain-Powered Talent Network." Harvard Business School Case 821-086, February 2021.
      • January 2021
      • Article

      Turbulence, Firm Decentralization and Growth in Bad Times

      By: Philippe Aghion, Nicholas Bloom, Brian Lucking, Raffaella Sadun and John Van Reenen
      What is the optimal form of firm organization during “bad times”? We present a model of delegation within the firm to show that the effect is ambiguous. The greater turbulence following macro shocks may benefit decentralized firms because the value of local information...  View Details
      Keywords: Decentralization; Growth; Turbulence; Great Recession; Organizational Design; System Shocks; Economic Growth; Performance
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      Aghion, Philippe, Nicholas Bloom, Brian Lucking, Raffaella Sadun, and John Van Reenen. "Turbulence, Firm Decentralization and Growth in Bad Times." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 13, no. 1 (January 2021): 133–169.
      • July–September 2020
      • Article

      Innovation Contest: Effect of Perceived Support for Learning on Participation

      By: Olivia Jung, Andrea Blasco and Karim R. Lakhani
      Background: Frontline staff are well positioned to conceive improvement opportunities based on first-hand knowledge of what works and does not work. The innovation contest may be a relevant and useful vehicle to elicit staff ideas. However, the success of the...  View Details
      Keywords: Contest; Innovation; Employee Engagement; Organizational Learning; Health Care; Health Care Delivery; Innovation and Invention; Organizations; Learning; Employees; Perception; Health Care and Treatment
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      Jung, Olivia, Andrea Blasco, and Karim R. Lakhani. "Innovation Contest: Effect of Perceived Support for Learning on Participation." Health Care Management Review 45, no. 3 (July–September 2020): 255–266.
      • July 2020
      • Article

      Who Should Select New Employees, Headquarters or the Unit Manager? Consequences of Centralizing Hiring at a Retail Chain

      By: Carolyn Deller and Tatiana Sandino
      We examine how changing the allocation of hiring decision rights in a multiunit organization affects employee-firm match quality, contingent on a unit’s circumstances. Our research site, a U.S. retail chain, switched from a decentralized hiring model (hiring by...  View Details
      Keywords: Control; Selection; Decentralization; Company Values; Retail Chains; Employees; Selection and Staffing; Local Range; Business Headquarters; Decision Making
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      Deller, Carolyn, and Tatiana Sandino. "Who Should Select New Employees, Headquarters or the Unit Manager? Consequences of Centralizing Hiring at a Retail Chain." Accounting Review 95, no. 4 (July 2020): 173–198.
      • November 2018 (Revised December 2020)
      • Technical Note

      Initial Coin Offerings in 2018

      By: Jeffrey J. Bussgang, Ramana Nanda, Robert F. White and Nathaniel Schwalb
      In 2018, Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs) were an emerging fundraising method for blockchain-based projects. As the ecosystem grew, there were many open questions on regulation, pricing, and even which projects were a good fit for blockchain. However, there was already...  View Details
      Keywords: Blockchain; Initial Coin Offerings; ICO; Decentralization; Networks; Protocols; Entrepreneurship; Project Finance
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      Bussgang, Jeffrey J., Ramana Nanda, Robert F. White, and Nathaniel Schwalb. "Initial Coin Offerings in 2018." Harvard Business School Technical Note 819-057, November 2018. (Revised December 2020.)
      • September 2018
      • Article

      Discretionary Task Ordering: Queue Management in Radiological Services

      By: Maria Ibanez, Jonathan R. Clark, Robert S. Huckman and Bradley R. Staats
      Work-scheduling research typically prescribes task sequences implemented by managers. Yet employees often have discretion to deviate from their prescribed sequence. Using data from 2.4 million radiological diagnoses, we find that doctors prioritize similar tasks...  View Details
      Keywords: Discretion; Scheduling; Queue; Healthcare; Learning; Experience; Decentralization; Operations; Service Operations; Service Delivery; Performance; Performance Effectiveness; Performance Efficiency; Performance Improvement; Performance Productivity; Decisions; Time Management; Cost vs Benefits; Health Industry
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      Ibanez, Maria, Jonathan R. Clark, Robert S. Huckman, and Bradley R. Staats. "Discretionary Task Ordering: Queue Management in Radiological Services." Management Science 64, no. 9 (September 2018): 4389–4407. (Working paper available here. Winner of the 2017 Best Paper Competition of the POMS College of Healthcare Operations Management. Featured in Forbes, Quartz, and Inc.)
      • March 2018 (Revised June 2018)
      • Case

      Knowledge Sharing at REMA 1000 (A)

      By: Tatiana Sandino and Olivia Hull
      A year after Norwegian grocery chain REMA 1000 adopted Workplace, Facebook’s enterprise social network, Chief Human Resource Officer Tore Høylie is asked to evaluate its impact on company culture and communication. Almost 90% of the workforce is engaged with the...  View Details
      Keywords: Social Network; Enterprise Social Media; Facebook; Workplace; Social and Collaborative Networks; Communication Technology; Performance Improvement; Organizational Culture; Knowledge Sharing; Social Media; Retail Industry; Norway
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      Sandino, Tatiana, and Olivia Hull. "Knowledge Sharing at REMA 1000 (A)." Harvard Business School Case 118-007, March 2018. (Revised June 2018.)
      • 2017
      • Article

      Self-Managing Organizations: Exploring the Limits of Less-Hierarchical Organizing

      By: Michael Y. Lee and Amy C. Edmondson
      Fascination with organizations that eschew the conventional managerial hierarchy and instead radically decentralize authority has been longstanding, albeit at the margins of scholarly and practitioner attention. Recently, however, organizational experiments in radical...  View Details
      Keywords: Self-Managed Organizations; Self-Managed Teams; Self-organizing Systems; Self-managing Organizations; Flat Organization; Decentralization; Organization Design; Non-hierarchical Organizations; Less-hierarchical Organizing; Organizational Structure; Organizational Design; Research
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      Lee, Michael Y., and Amy C. Edmondson. "Self-Managing Organizations: Exploring the Limits of Less-Hierarchical Organizing." Research in Organizational Behavior 37 (2017): 35–58.
      • October 2017
      • Case

      Shift Technologies, Inc.

      By: Thomas Eisenmann and Nicole Tempest Keller
      In 2017, management at Shift, an online marketplace that uses a “high touch,” concierge approach to buy and sell used cars, was formulating plans for the San Francisco–based startup’s next phase of expansion. One option was to preserve Shift’s current business model...  View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Market Design; Multi-Sided Platforms; Marketplace Matching; Growth and Development Strategy; Decision Choices and Conditions; Auto Industry; Retail Industry; United States
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      Eisenmann, Thomas, and Nicole Tempest Keller. "Shift Technologies, Inc." Harvard Business School Case 818-002, October 2017.
      • June 2017
      • Case

      Veolia: Resourcing the World

      By: Gautam Ahuja, Tarun Khanna, Kristina Maslauskaite and Vincent Dessain
      In March 2016, Antoine Frérot, CEO of Veolia, a global environmental services provider, was undergoing an important transformation of the company. In 2013, Frérot presented a growth strategy that focused on increasing the share of industrial clients, enhancing growth...  View Details
      Keywords: Strategy; Circular; Emerging Markets; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Growth and Development Strategy; Economy
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      Ahuja, Gautam, Tarun Khanna, Kristina Maslauskaite, and Vincent Dessain. "Veolia: Resourcing the World." Harvard Business School Case 717-505, June 2017.
      • April 2017
      • Case

      Global Leadership in a Dynamic and Evolving Region: Molinas @ The Coca-Cola Company (A)

      By: Tsedal Neeley and Esel Çekin
      Galya Frayman Molinas, President of Coca-Cola's Turkish business and a 20-year company veteran, is unexpectedly asked to take the helm of a newly expanded territory with operations across eight additional countries in Central Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia,...  View Details
      Keywords: Functions; Structure; Centralization; Decentralization; Diversity; Country Of Origin Effects; Global Contextual Intelligence; Leading Change; Crisis Management; Organizational Structure; Experience and Expertise; Situation or Environment; Central Asia; Turkey
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      Neeley, Tsedal, and Esel Çekin. "Global Leadership in a Dynamic and Evolving Region: Molinas @ The Coca-Cola Company (A)." Harvard Business School Case 417-068, April 2017.
      • April 2017
      • Teaching Note

      Global Leadership in a Dynamic and Evolving Region: Molinas @ The Coca-Cola Company (A, B, C, D)

      By: Tsedal Neeley and Nathan Overmeyer
      Teaching Note for HBS Nos. 417-068, 417-069, 417-070, and 417-071.  View Details
      Keywords: Functions; Structure; Centralization; Decentralization; Diversity; Country Of Origin Effects; Global Contextual Intelligence; Leading Change; Crisis Management; Organizational Structure; Experience and Expertise; Situation or Environment; Central Asia; Turkey
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      Neeley, Tsedal, and Nathan Overmeyer. "Global Leadership in a Dynamic and Evolving Region: Molinas @ The Coca-Cola Company (A, B, C, D)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 417-084, April 2017.
      • April 2017
      • Supplement

      Global Leadership in a Dynamic and Evolving Region: Molinas @ The Coca-Cola Company (B)

      By: Tsedal Neeley and Esel Çekin
      Supplements the (A) case.  View Details
      Keywords: Functions; Structure; Centralization; Decentralization; Diversity; Country Of Origin Effects; Global Contextual Intelligence; Leading Change; Crisis Management; Organizational Structure; Experience and Expertise; Situation or Environment; Central Asia; Turkey
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      Neeley, Tsedal, and Esel Çekin. "Global Leadership in a Dynamic and Evolving Region: Molinas @ The Coca-Cola Company (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 417-069, April 2017.
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