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- All HBS Web (769)
- Faculty Publications (336)
- 9 AM – 10 AM EDT, 19 Oct 2017
- Webinars: Trending@HBS
Innovative Finance for the Common Good
Whether it's a vaccine or green bond, drought insurance, pay-as-you-go financing for solar electricity in Kenya, or discounted metro cards in New York, innovative finance is as much about incentives and sound decision making as it is about money; when it works,...
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- November 2011 (Revised December 2013)
- Case
The Long and Short of Apollo Group and the University of Phoenix (A)
By: Luis M. Viceira, Joel Heilprin, Andrew S. Holmes and Damian M. Zajac
A hedge fund is deciding whether to liquidate its position in Apollo Group, a for-profit education firm, in light of significant political and macro-economic uncertainty facing the industry. As part of the investment analysis a complete discounted cash flow analysis...
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Viceira, Luis M., Joel Heilprin, Andrew S. Holmes, and Damian M. Zajac. "The Long and Short of Apollo Group and the University of Phoenix (A)." Harvard Business School Case 212-045, November 2011. (Revised December 2013.)
- February 1984 (Revised February 1986)
- Case
E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co.: Titanium Dioxide
By: W. Carl Kester, Robert R. Glauber, David W. Mullins Jr. and Stacy S. Dick
Disequilibrium in the $350 million TiO2 market has prompted Du Pont's Pigments Department to develop two strategies for competing in this market in the future. The growth strategy has a smaller internal rate of return than the alternative strategy due to large capital...
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Keywords:
Forecasting and Prediction;
Cash Flow;
Investment Return;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Strategic Planning;
Projects;
Chemical Industry
Kester, W. Carl, Robert R. Glauber, David W. Mullins Jr., and Stacy S. Dick. "E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co.: Titanium Dioxide." Harvard Business School Case 284-066, February 1984. (Revised February 1986.)
- August 2013
- Background Note
A Simple Free Cash Flow Valuation Model
Explores some of the issues involved in valuing cash flow streams. A simple model is presented that reveals the effect on value of changing assumptions about the appropriate discount rate, the level of profitability, the growth rate of sales, the asset intensity ratio,...
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Sahlman, William A. "A Simple Free Cash Flow Valuation Model." Harvard Business School Background Note 814-027, August 2013.
- February 1992 (Revised July 1992)
- Background Note
Note on Cross-Border Valuation
By: W. Carl Kester and Julia Morley
Provides a fundamental technical review of valuation techniques used to assess cross-border investments. Discusses the discounting of free cash flows with a weighted average cost of capital, the use of adjusted present value, and the importance of considering real...
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Kester, W. Carl, and Julia Morley. "Note on Cross-Border Valuation." Harvard Business School Background Note 292-084, February 1992. (Revised July 1992.)
- 04 Sep 2011
- News
Before Wal-Mart, There Was A.& P.
- September 2019 (Revised November 2019)
- Case
Pinduoduo
Founded in 2015 by serial entrepreneur, Colin Huang, Pinduoduo Inc. (PDD) had become China’s fastest-growing e-commerce platform in history. PDD pioneered a new approach to online shopping that allowed shoppers to share products, invite friends to form shopping teams,...
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Keywords:
Digital Platforms;
Business Model;
Innovation and Invention;
Competitive Advantage;
Expansion;
Strategy;
E-commerce
Zhu, Feng, Krishna G. Palepu, Bonnie Yining Cao, and Dawn H. Lau. "Pinduoduo." Harvard Business School Case 620-040, September 2019. (Revised November 2019.)
- 17 Dec 2019
- Working Paper Summaries
Does Apple Anchor a Shopping Mall? The Effect of the Technology Stores on the Formation of Market Structure
- April 2019
- Case
Walmart Update, 2019
By: David B. Yoffie and Daniel Fisher
In 2019 Walmart was still the world's largest company, with over $500 billion in annual revenue and operations around the world. Although it had mostly vanquished its rival discount retailers in the U.S., it was struggling to find the right growth strategy. Facing a...
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Keywords:
E-Commerce Strategy;
Strategy;
Competitive Strategy;
Business Growth and Maturation;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Global Range;
Business Strategy;
Corporate Strategy;
E-commerce;
Retail Industry
Yoffie, David B., and Daniel Fisher. "Walmart Update, 2019." Harvard Business School Case 719-504, April 2019.
- September 1998 (Revised July 1999)
- Case
Costco Companies, Inc.
By: David E. Bell and Ann Leamon
Costco Companies, one of the major players in the wholesale club industry, has developed a new class of membership that offers discounted services--auto, health, and home insurance, business credit card processing, real estate services--in exchange for a higher annual...
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Keywords:
Cost vs Benefits;
Cost Management;
Brands and Branding;
Marketing Strategy;
Supply and Industry;
Service Delivery;
Service Operations;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Retail Industry
Bell, David E., and Ann Leamon. "Costco Companies, Inc." Harvard Business School Case 599-041, September 1998. (Revised July 1999.)
- November 2019 (Revised April 2021)
- Case
United Technologies: Are the Parts Worth More Than the Whole?
By: Benjamin C. Esty and Daniel Fisher
After spending more than 50 years creating a diversified industrial conglomerate that Fortune magazine described as “arguably the most profitable conglomerate in America” in 2014, UTC’s CEO Greg Hayes was under pressure from activist investors (Dan Loeb and Bill...
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Keywords:
Corporate Strategy;
Business Conglomerates;
Financial Management;
Corporate Governance;
Organizational Structure;
Investment Funds;
Value Creation;
Aerospace Industry;
Electronics Industry;
Industrial Products Industry;
United States
Esty, Benjamin C., and Daniel Fisher. "United Technologies: Are the Parts Worth More Than the Whole?" Harvard Business School Case 220-018, November 2019. (Revised April 2021.)
- 2010
- Case
Groupe Ariel, S.A.: Parity Conditions and Cross-Border Valuation: Brief Case.
By: Timothy A. Luehrman and James Quinn
Groupe Ariel evaluates a proposal from its Mexican subsidiary to purchase and install cost-saving equipment at a manufacturing facility in Monterrey. The improvements will allow the plant to automate recycling and remanufacturing of toner and printer cartridges, an...
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- May 2016 (Revised May 2017)
- Case
Supply Chain Finance at Procter & Gamble
By: Benjamin C. Esty, E. Scott Mayfield and David Lane
In April 2013, Procter & Gamble (P&G), the world’s largest consumer packaged goods (CPG) company, announced that it would extend its payment terms to suppliers by 30 days. At the same time, P&G announced a new supply chain financing (SCF) program giving suppliers the...
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Keywords:
Working Capital;
Supply Chain Finance;
Corporate Treasury;
Consumer Packaged Goods;
Supply Chain;
Supplier Relationships;
Banking;
Liquidity;
Accounts Payable;
Financial Reporting;
Cash Flow;
Cost Management;
Banks and Banking;
Financial Strategy;
Multinational Firms and Management;
Supply Chain Management;
Accrual Accounting;
Value Creation;
Consumer Products Industry;
Forest Products Industry;
United States;
Brazil
Esty, Benjamin C., E. Scott Mayfield, and David Lane. "Supply Chain Finance at Procter & Gamble." Harvard Business School Case 216-039, May 2016. (Revised May 2017.)
- February 1986 (Revised March 1989)
- Background Note
Note on Foreign Exchange
Describes the operation of foreign exchange markets, including bid-offer spreads, cross rates, reciprocal rates, and forward rates. Provides several examples to demonstrate calculation of outright forward rates using discount and premium points quoted in the London...
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Mason, Scott P. "Note on Foreign Exchange." Harvard Business School Background Note 286-067, February 1986. (Revised March 1989.)
- January 1989 (Revised September 1995)
- Case
MSDI-Alcala de Henares, Spain
By: Timothy A. Luehrman
Merck & Co., Inc. is evaluating a proposed cost-saving investment by its Spanish subsidiary. The case introduces techniques of discounted cash flow valuation analysis in a multicurrency setting. Can be used to teach basic international parity conditions as they relate...
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Keywords:
Business Subsidiaries;
Cash Flow;
Cost Management;
Currency;
Investment;
Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques;
Valuation;
Spain
Luehrman, Timothy A. "MSDI-Alcala de Henares, Spain." Harvard Business School Case 289-029, January 1989. (Revised September 1995.)
- 10 Jul 2018
- First Look
New Research and Ideas, July 10, 2018
easy to compare online, discount coupons and codes have high uptake, and sellers often bear the cost of shipping products to buyers. In addition to these factors, online selling precludes many methods of price discrimination exercised in...
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Keywords:
Dina Gerdeman
- 2018
- Working Paper
Global Portfolio Diversification for Long-Horizon Investors
By: Luis M. Viceira and Zixuan (Kevin) Wang
This paper conducts a theoretical and empirical investigation of global portfolio diversification for long-horizon investors in the presence of permanent cash flow shocks and transitory discount rate shocks to asset prices and returns. An increase in the cross-country...
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Keywords:
Investment Portfolio;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Diversification;
Capital Markets;
Global Range
Viceira, Luis M., and Zixuan (Kevin) Wang. "Global Portfolio Diversification for Long-Horizon Investors." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 17-085, March 2017. (Revised July 2018.)
- Article
Analyzing Scrip Systems
By: Kris Johnson, David Simchi-Levi and Peng Sun
Scrip systems provide a nonmonetary trade economy for exchange of resources. We model a scrip system as a stochastic game and study system design issues on selection rules to match potential trade partners over time. We show the optimality of one particular rule in...
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Keywords:
"Repeated Games";
Stochastic Trust Game;
Dynamic Program;
P2P Lending;
Scrip Systems;
Artificial Currency;
Non-monetary Trade Economies;
Marketplace Matching;
Currency;
Operations;
Game Theory
Johnson, Kris, David Simchi-Levi, and Peng Sun. "Analyzing Scrip Systems." Operations Research 62, no. 3 (May–June 2014): 524–534.