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All HBS Web
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- Faculty Publications (99)
- July 2021
- Article
Energy Efficiency and Electricity Reliability
By: Eliana Carranza and Robyn C. Meeks
Overloaded electrical systems are a major source of unreliable power. Using a randomized saturation design, we estimate the impact of compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) on electricity reliability and household electricity consumption in the Kyrgyz Republic. Greater...
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Keywords:
Energy;
Technology Adoption;
Green Technology;
Consumer Behavior;
Utilities Industry;
Kyrgyzstan
Carranza, Eliana, and Robyn C. Meeks. "Energy Efficiency and Electricity Reliability." Review of Economics and Statistics 103, no. 3 (July 2021): 461–475.
- February 2021
- Case
Yellow Digital Retailers: Providing Solar Electricity to Transform Rural Africa
By: Lynda M. Applegate, Frank V. Cespedes and Michael Norris
In 2020, Mike Heyink and Maya Stewart, co-founders of the Pay-as-you-Go Solar company Yellow were considering how to grow their startup. They had achieved some success in their first market, Malawi, and had recently entered Uganda, where business was slower. What did...
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Keywords:
Solar Energy;
Business Model;
Business Startups;
Developing Countries and Economies;
Alternative Energy;
Renewable Energy;
Social Entrepreneurship;
Green Technology;
Salesforce Management;
Diversification;
Expansion;
Energy Industry;
Africa;
South Africa;
Malawi;
Uganda
Applegate, Lynda M., Frank V. Cespedes, and Michael Norris. "Yellow Digital Retailers: Providing Solar Electricity to Transform Rural Africa." Harvard Business School Case 821-041, February 2021.
- 2020
- Working Paper
The ESG-Innovation Disconnect: Evidence from Green Patenting
By: Lauren Cohen, Umit G. Gurun and Quoc H. Nguyen
No firm or sector of the global economy is untouched by innovation. In equilibrium, innovators will flock to (and innovation will occur where) the returns to innovative capital are the highest. In this paper, we document a strong empirical pattern in green patent...
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Keywords:
ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) Performance;
Investment;
Decision Making;
Policy;
Energy;
Green Technology;
Technological Innovation;
Patents
Cohen, Lauren, Umit G. Gurun, and Quoc H. Nguyen. "The ESG-Innovation Disconnect: Evidence from Green Patenting." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 27990, October 2020. (Winner of the Fordham University Gabelli School of Business – PVH Corp. Global Thought Leadership Grant on Corporate Social Responsibility, 2020.)
- March 2020
- Article
Synergistic Value in Vertically Integrated Power-to-Gas Energy Systems
By: Gunther Glenk and Stefan Reichelstein
In vertically integrated energy systems, integration frequently entails operational gains that must be traded off against the requisite cost of capacity investments. In the context of the model analyzed in this study, the operational gains are subject to inherent...
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Keywords:
Vertical Integration;
Volatility;
Capital Investment;
Capacity Management;
Renewable Energy;
Green Hydrogen;
Decarbonization;
Carbon Emissions;
Environment;
Energy;
Environmental Accounting;
Environmental Management;
Environmental Sustainability;
Investment;
Decision Making;
Operations;
Technological Innovation;
Green Technology;
Energy Industry;
Energy Industry;
Energy Industry;
Energy Industry;
Energy Industry;
Energy Industry;
Energy Industry;
Energy Industry;
Energy Industry;
Energy Industry;
Europe;
North America;
South America;
Africa;
Asia
Glenk, Gunther, and Stefan Reichelstein. "Synergistic Value in Vertically Integrated Power-to-Gas Energy Systems." Production and Operations Management 29, no. 3 (March 2020): 526–546.
- February 2020 (Revised March 2020)
- Case
Prime Coalition: Catalytic Capital for Climate Innovation
By: Ramana Nanda, Benjamin N. Roth and Olivia Hull
With long development timelines and high risk, new energy technologies were often left to languish in the “valley of death,” unable to raise enough funds to bring a product to market. In 2014, Sarah Kearney founded the nonprofit Prime Coalition to solve this problem....
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Keywords:
Energy Conservation;
Renewable Energy;
Social Entrepreneurship;
Venture Capital;
Investment;
Innovation and Invention;
Technological Innovation;
Mission and Purpose;
Science-Based Business;
Nonprofit Organizations;
Social Enterprise;
Energy Industry;
Energy Industry;
Energy Industry;
United States
Nanda, Ramana, Benjamin N. Roth, and Olivia Hull. "Prime Coalition: Catalytic Capital for Climate Innovation." Harvard Business School Case 820-007, February 2020. (Revised March 2020.)
- January 23, 2020
- Article
Sanctions and the End of Trans-Atlanticism: Iran, Russia, and the Unintended Division of the West
By: Rawi Abdelal and Aurélie Bros
Sanctions have become the dominant tool of statecraft in the United States and other Western states, especially the European Union, since the end of the Cold War. But the systematic use of this instrument may produce unintended and somewhat paradoxical geopolitical...
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Keywords:
Geopolitics;
Economic Sanctions;
International Relations;
United States;
Russia;
Iran;
Europe
Abdelal, Rawi, and Aurélie Bros. "Sanctions and the End of Trans-Atlanticism: Iran, Russia, and the Unintended Division of the West." Notes de l'Ifri (January 23, 2020). (Also published as "The End of Transatlanticism? How Sanctions Are Dividing the West," Horizons, no. 16 (spring 2020), pp. 114-134.)
- September 2019
- Case
Clean Energy for the Future
By: Richard H.K. Vietor and Howaida Kamel
This is an industry note on renewable energy – wind, solar, governmental incentives and storage. It covers the recent history of both the wind and solar industries, an extensive look at governmental policies in the United States, including the Green New Deal, and...
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Keywords:
Green New Deal;
Renewable Energy;
Energy Policy;
Industry Growth;
Supply and Industry;
Price;
Motivation and Incentives;
Energy Industry;
Energy Industry;
United States
Vietor, Richard H.K., and Howaida Kamel. "Clean Energy for the Future." Harvard Business School Case 720-003, September 2019.
- May 2019
- Case
Elon Musk's Big Bets Update, 2019
By: David B. Yoffie and Daniel Fisher
This short case provides an update to Elon Musk's strategy and tactical moves with Tesla, Solar City, and SpaceX from 2016-2019.
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Keywords:
Electric Vehicles;
Batteries;
Solar Power;
Execution;
Space Flight;
Tesla;
SolarCity;
SpaceX;
Elon Musk;
Information Technology;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Expansion;
Renewable Energy;
Strategy;
Investment;
Green Technology Industry;
Green Technology Industry;
Green Technology Industry;
Green Technology Industry;
Green Technology Industry
Yoffie, David B., and Daniel Fisher. "Elon Musk's Big Bets Update, 2019." Harvard Business School Case 719-512, May 2019.
- March 2019
- Article
Economics of Converting Renewable Power to Hydrogen
By: Gunther Glenk and Stefan Reichelstein
The recent sharp decline in the cost of renewable energy suggests that the production of hydrogen from renewable power through a power-to-gas process might become more economical. Here we examine this alternative from the perspective of an investor who considers a...
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Keywords:
Sustainability;
Clean Technology;
Renewable Energy;
Energy Storage;
Sustainability Management;
Sustainable Business;
Synergies;
Green Hydrogen;
Green Technology;
Environment;
Decarbonization;
Carbon Emissions;
Carbon Abatement;
Energy;
Accounting;
Decision Making;
Economics;
Environmental Management;
Growth and Development;
Management;
Operations;
Science;
Transportation;
Energy Industry;
Energy Industry;
Energy Industry;
Energy Industry;
Energy Industry;
Energy Industry;
Energy Industry;
Energy Industry;
Energy Industry;
Energy Industry;
Energy Industry;
Energy Industry;
Energy Industry;
Africa;
Asia;
Europe;
North and Central America;
South America;
Middle East
Glenk, Gunther, and Stefan Reichelstein. "Economics of Converting Renewable Power to Hydrogen." Nature Energy 4, no. 3 (March 2019): 216–222.
- December 2018 (Revised May 2019)
- Case
Darling Ingredients International
By: David E. Bell and Natalie Kindred
Led by CEO Randall Stuewe, Texas-based Darling Ingredients International was a rendering firm with $3.7 billion in 2017 revenues. Since 2003, Darling had transformed from U.S. focused into a global player in the processing of biological waste from meat and foodservice...
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Keywords:
Darling;
Ingredients;
Stuewe;
Rendering;
Animal Byproducts;
Used Cooking Oil;
UCO;
Diamond Green Diesel;
DGD;
Valero;
Renewable Diesel;
Biofuel;
Recycling;
Carbon;
LCFS;
Blend;
Blender;
Strategy;
Corporate Strategy;
Renewable Energy;
Food;
Agribusiness;
Expansion;
Diversification;
Growth Management;
Technological Innovation;
Policy;
Government Legislation;
Energy Industry;
Energy Industry;
Energy Industry;
United States;
Louisiana;
California;
Texas
Bell, David E., and Natalie Kindred. "Darling Ingredients International." Harvard Business School Case 519-048, December 2018. (Revised May 2019.)
- 2018
- Book
Varieties of Green Business: Industries, Nations and Time
By: Geoffrey Jones
Published at a time of ever-increasing warnings that the pace of climate change and other environmental changes risk making the Earth unsustainable within our own lifetimes, this book looks at the past of green business to identify lessons for the future. It provides...
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Keywords:
Green Business;
Sustainability;
Business History;
Eco-tourism;
Organic Wine;
Organic Food;
Waste Management;
Sustainable Finance;
Ethics;
Finance;
History;
Entrepreneurship;
Energy Industry;
Energy Industry;
Energy Industry;
Energy Industry;
Energy Industry;
Energy Industry;
Energy Industry;
Europe;
Asia;
Latin America;
North and Central America;
New Zealand
Jones, Geoffrey. Varieties of Green Business: Industries, Nations and Time. Northamption, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2018.
- May 2018
- Case
Environmental Platform LEEDership at USGBC
By: Michael W. Toffel, Timothy S. Simcoe and Aldo Sesia
By 2018, it was clear that U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) had significantly contributed to the growth of green building and over its 25-year history had become a powerful brand in the construction sector with its Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design...
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Keywords:
Environmental Sustainability;
Standards;
Business Model;
Leadership;
Problems and Challenges;
Green Technology Industry;
Green Technology Industry
Toffel, Michael W., Timothy S. Simcoe, and Aldo Sesia. "Environmental Platform LEEDership at USGBC." Harvard Business School Case 618-027, May 2018.
- March 2018 (Revised September 2023)
- Case
X: The Foghorn Decision
In February 2016, Kathy Hannun—a project leader at X, Alphabet Inc.'s so-called "moonshot factory"—had to prepare a recommendation for the senior leadership of X regarding the future of Foghorn, a project she was leading to develop a carbon-neutral process for...
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Keywords:
Innovation;
R&D Project Management;
Radical Innovation;
Clean Technology;
Innovation and Management;
Technological Innovation;
Energy;
Research and Development;
Projects;
Management;
Decision Choices and Conditions;
Energy Industry;
Energy Industry;
Energy Industry;
California
Huckman, Robert S., Karim R. Lakhani, and Kyle R. Myers. "X: The Foghorn Decision." Harvard Business School Case 618-060, March 2018. (Revised September 2023.)
- February 2018
- Teaching Plan
Tesla in 2015
By: Lynda M. Applegate, Olivia Hull and Sarah Mehta
Teaching Note for HBS No. 817-081.
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Keywords:
Electric Vehicle;
Internal Combustion Vehicle;
Battery;
Product Distribution;
Platform Disruption;
Vertical Integration;
Patents;
Disruption;
Innovation and Invention;
Disruptive Innovation;
Innovation Leadership;
Innovation Strategy;
Technological Innovation;
Energy;
Entrepreneurship;
Leading Change;
Product Marketing;
Information Technology;
Digital Platforms;
Transportation;
Energy Industry;
Energy Industry;
Energy Industry;
Energy Industry;
Energy Industry;
Energy Industry;
California
- February 2018 (Revised August 2018)
- Case
Blue Haven Initiative: The PEGAfrica Investment
By: Vikram S. Gandhi, Caitlin Reimers Brumme and Amram Migdal
This case examines Blue Haven Initiative (BHI), an impact investing fund and family office, and one of its investments, PEGAfrica (PEG). BHI founder Liesel Pritzker Simmons’ motivations for using her family wealth to start a family office focused on impact investing,...
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Keywords:
Impact Investing;
Family Office;
Development;
International Development;
International Development Investing;
Development Fund;
Sustainability;
Solar Energy;
Solar;
Pay As You Go;
PAYG;
MFI;
Social Venture;
Business Ventures;
Acquisition;
Business Growth and Maturation;
Business Startups;
Economics;
Development Economics;
Energy;
Energy Conservation;
Energy Sources;
Renewable Energy;
Social Entrepreneurship;
Finance;
Assets;
Asset Pricing;
Capital;
Capital Budgeting;
Capital Structure;
Venture Capital;
Cash;
Cash Flow;
Currency;
Currency Exchange Rate;
Equity;
Private Equity;
Financial Instruments;
Debt Securities;
Stock Shares;
Financing and Loans;
Microfinance;
International Finance;
Investment;
Investment Return;
Investment Activism;
Investment Funds;
Investment Portfolio;
Price;
Geography;
Geographic Location;
Emerging Markets;
Ownership;
Ownership Stake;
Private Ownership;
Social Enterprise;
Value;
Valuation;
Value Creation;
Energy Industry;
Energy Industry;
Energy Industry;
Africa;
United States
Gandhi, Vikram S., Caitlin Reimers Brumme, and Amram Migdal. "Blue Haven Initiative: The PEGAfrica Investment." Harvard Business School Case 318-003, February 2018. (Revised August 2018.)
- 2017
- Book
Profits and Sustainability: A History of Green Entrepreneurship
By: Geoffrey Jones
This book explores whether profits and environmental sustainability are compatible through the lens of a global history of green entrepreneurship between the nineteenth century and today. It tells the story of the extraordinary and often eccentric men and women who...
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Keywords:
Environmental Entrepreneurship;
Green Business;
Sustainability;
Entrepreneurship;
Ethics;
Business History;
Religion;
Environmental Sustainability;
Alternative Energy Industry;
Alternative Energy Industry;
Alternative Energy Industry;
Alternative Energy Industry;
Alternative Energy Industry;
Alternative Energy Industry;
Alternative Energy Industry;
Alternative Energy Industry;
Alternative Energy Industry;
Africa;
Asia;
Europe;
Latin America;
North and Central America;
Oceania
Jones, Geoffrey. Profits and Sustainability: A History of Green Entrepreneurship. New York: Oxford University Press, 2017.
- 2017
- Chapter
Entrepreneurship, Policy, and the Geography of Wind Energy
By: Geoffrey Jones
This study examines the geography of the global wind energy industry before 2000. Between 1980 and 2000, the global generating capacity of wind power grew from 13 megawatts to 17,400 megawatts, but two-thirds of that capacity was in Denmark, Germany, Spain, and the...
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Keywords:
Wind Power;
Business And Government;
Renewable Energy;
Entrepreneurship;
Geography;
Business and Government Relations;
Policy;
Business History;
Energy Industry;
Energy Industry;
Asia;
Europe;
United States
Jones, Geoffrey. "Entrepreneurship, Policy, and the Geography of Wind Energy." Chap. 12 in Green Capitalism? Business and the Environment in the Twentieth Century, edited by Hartmut Berghoff and Adam Rome, 206–231. Hagley Perspectives on Business and Culture. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2017.
- April 2017
- Article
The Effectiveness of U.S. Energy Efficiency Building Labels
By: Omar Isaac Asensio and Magali A Delmas
Information programs are promising strategies to encourage investments in energy efficiency in commercial buildings. However, the realized effectiveness of these programs has not yet been estimated on a large scale. Here we take advantage of a large sample of monthly...
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Asensio, Omar Isaac, and Magali A Delmas. "The Effectiveness of U.S. Energy Efficiency Building Labels." Art. 17033. Nature Energy 2, no. 4 (April 2017).
- February 2017
- Case
GE Digital
By: Rajiv Lal and Scott Johnson
Known for manufacturing industrial equipment, GE has decided to invest in software and analytics capabilities to become a digital industrial company. They have also created a software platform that they hope will power the Industrial Internet. GE executives forecasted...
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Keywords:
GE;
General Electric;
Manufacturing;
Industrial Internet;
Wind Power;
Digital Manufacturing;
Renewable Energy;
Energy;
Innovation and Management;
Innovation Strategy;
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Organizational Culture;
Applications and Software;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Transformation;
Green Technology Industry;
Green Technology Industry;
Green Technology Industry;
North America
Lal, Rajiv, and Scott Johnson. "GE Digital." Harvard Business School Case 517-063, February 2017.
- November 2016 (Revised September 2018)
- Case
Elon Musk's Big Bets
By: David B. Yoffie, Eric Baldwin and Brandon Kaufmann
Between late 2014 and late 2016, Tesla CEO Elon Musk undertook several major, and risky, initiatives that would dramatically expand the scale and scope of Tesla’s business. In late 2014, Tesla began construction on a $5 billion “gigafactory” that would manufacture...
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Keywords:
Electric Vehicles;
Batteries;
Solar Power;
Strategy;
Execution;
Technology;
Space Flight;
Tesla;
SolarCity;
SpaceX;
Elon Musk;
Information Technology;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Expansion;
Renewable Energy;
Investment;
Green Technology Industry;
Green Technology Industry;
Green Technology Industry;
Green Technology Industry;
Green Technology Industry
Yoffie, David B., Eric Baldwin, and Brandon Kaufmann. "Elon Musk's Big Bets." Harvard Business School Case 717-431, November 2016. (Revised September 2018.)