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- February 2024
- Supplement
ReNew (B): A New Direction
By: Gunnar Trumbull and Malini Sen
The global renewables sector was in a slump, but the Indian market was booming. India’s largest renewable electricity generator, ReNew, faced a dilemma: it traded on the Nasdaq in New York, but saw huge opportunity in the Indian market. In response, CEO Sumant Sinha...
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Keywords:
Energy Generation;
Renewable Energy;
Energy Sources;
Entrepreneurship;
Forecasting and Prediction;
Trends;
Transformation;
Private Ownership;
Environmental Sustainability;
Asia
Trumbull, Gunnar, and Malini Sen. "ReNew (B): A New Direction." Harvard Business School Supplement 724-032, February 2024.
- January 2024
- Case
Colbún and Chile’s Energy Transition
By: Forest Reinhardt, Jenyfeer Martinez Buitrago and Mariana Cal
In May 2023, Colbún, Chile’s second-largest electricity generator, plans capacity expansions using renewable energy and storage. This strategy supports Chile’s commitment to carbon neutrality (also known as net zero emissions) by 2050. The case delves into the...
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Reinhardt, Forest, Jenyfeer Martinez Buitrago, and Mariana Cal. "Colbún and Chile’s Energy Transition." Harvard Business School Case 724-026, January 2024.
- December 2023
- Case
Raízen: Helping to Decarbonize the World?
By: Gunnar Trumbull, Pedro Levindo, Daniel Tong and Rafaella Mazza
Raízen, the world’s largest sugar and ethanol producer, strived to find ways to expand the second-generation ethanol (E2G) market, which it pioneered. The company planned to invest R$24 billion (around $4.6 billion) in 20 production plants, with a total capacity to...
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- December 2023
- Article
Advances in Power-to-Gas Technologies: Cost and Conversion Efficiency
By: Gunther Glenk, Philip Holler and Stefan Reichelstein
Widespread adoption of hydrogen as an energy carrier is widely believed to require continued advances in Power-to-Gas (PtG) technologies. Here we provide a comprehensive assessment of the dynamics of system prices and conversion efficiency for three currently prevalent...
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Keywords:
Clean Technology;
Green Hydrogen;
Carbon Emissions;
Decarbonization;
Learning By Doing;
Environment;
Energy;
Environmental Accounting;
Environmental Management;
Sustainable Cities;
Cost Accounting;
Innovation and Management;
Technology Adoption;
Energy Policy;
Engineering;
Green Technology;
Energy Industry;
Utilities Industry;
Industrial Products Industry;
Manufacturing Industry;
Transportation Industry;
North America;
South America;
Africa;
Europe;
Asia
Glenk, Gunther, Philip Holler, and Stefan Reichelstein. "Advances in Power-to-Gas Technologies: Cost and Conversion Efficiency." Energy & Environmental Science 16, no. 12 (December 2023): 6058–6070.
- October 2023 (Revised November 2023)
- Case
JSW Steel: Balancing Growth While Decarbonizing
By: Vikram S Gandhi and Radhika Kak
- 2023
- Working Paper
Cost-Efficient Decarbonization of Portland Cement Production
By: Gunther Glenk, Anton Kelnhofer, Rebecca Meier and Stefan Reichelstein
Accounting for nearly 8% of global annual carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, the cement industry is considered difficult to decarbonize. While a sizeable number of abatement levers for Portland cement production is becoming technologically ready for deployment, many are...
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Keywords:
Decarbonization;
Carbon Abatement;
Carbon Accounting;
Carbon Emissions;
Carbon Regulation;
Carbon Tax;
Net-zero Emissions;
Management;
Environmental Management;
Sustainable Cities;
Accounting;
Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques;
Environmental Accounting;
Energy;
Environmental Sustainability;
Construction Industry;
Steel Industry;
Pulp and Paper Industry;
Real Estate Industry;
Consulting Industry;
Energy Industry;
Green Technology Industry;
Manufacturing Industry;
Utilities Industry;
Industrial Products Industry;
Europe;
North America;
South America;
Africa;
Asia
Glenk, Gunther, Anton Kelnhofer, Rebecca Meier, and Stefan Reichelstein. "Cost-Efficient Decarbonization of Portland Cement Production." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-025, October 2023. (TRR 266 Accounting for Transparency Working Paper Series, No. 120, May 2023.)
- September 2023
- Supplement
Arcos Dorados: Decarbonizing McDonald’s in Latin America – Alternative Protein Products
By: George Serafeim and Michael W. Toffel
Serafeim, George, and Michael W. Toffel. "Arcos Dorados: Decarbonizing McDonald’s in Latin America – Alternative Protein Products." Harvard Business School Multimedia/Video Supplement 624-705, September 2023.
- September 2023
- Supplement
Arcos Dorados: Decarbonizing McDonald’s in Latin America – Decarbonization Activities
By: George Serafeim and Michael W. Toffel
Serafeim, George, and Michael W. Toffel. "Arcos Dorados: Decarbonizing McDonald’s in Latin America – Decarbonization Activities." Harvard Business School Multimedia/Video Supplement 624-703, September 2023.
- September 2023
- Supplement
Arcos Dorados: Decarbonizing McDonald’s in Latin America – Standard vs Geographically Customized Strategy
By: George Serafeim and Michael W. Toffel
Serafeim, George, and Michael W. Toffel. "Arcos Dorados: Decarbonizing McDonald’s in Latin America – Standard vs Geographically Customized Strategy." Harvard Business School Multimedia/Video Supplement 624-704, September 2023.
- September 2023
- Supplement
Arcos Dorados: Decarbonizing McDonald’s in Latin America – Sustainability-linked Bonds and Executive Compensation
By: George Serafeim and Michael W. Toffel
Serafeim, George, and Michael W. Toffel. "Arcos Dorados: Decarbonizing McDonald’s in Latin America – Sustainability-linked Bonds and Executive Compensation." Harvard Business School Multimedia/Video Supplement 624-706, September 2023.
- September 2023
- Supplement
CMA CGM: Reducing the Carbon Footprint of Container Shipping
By: Willy Shih
Marine transport is the most cost-effective way to move large volumes over long distances, and container shipping is the backbone of international trade in goods. Yet shipping contributed 3% of worldwide greenhouse gas emissions, and the deep-sea segment, which...
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- September 2023
- Supplement
CMA CGM: Reducing the Carbon Footprint of Container Shipping
By: Willy Shih
Marine transport is the most cost-effective way to move large volumes over long distances, and container shipping is the backbone of international trade in goods. Yet shipping contributed 3% of worldwide greenhouse gas emissions, and the deep-sea segment, which...
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- September 2023
- Supplement
CMA CGM: Reducing the Carbon Footprint of Container Shipping
By: Willy C. Shih
Marine transport is the most cost-effective way to move large volumes over long distances, and container shipping is the backbone of international trade in goods. Yet shipping contributed 3% of worldwide greenhouse gas emissions, and the deep-sea segment, which...
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Keywords:
Container Shipping;
Trade Links;
Decarbonization;
Environmental Strategies;
Environmental Impact;
Globalization;
Trade;
Environmental Regulation;
Supply Chain;
Logistics;
Shipping Industry;
European Union;
Asia;
North America
Shih, Willy C. "CMA CGM: Reducing the Carbon Footprint of Container Shipping." Harvard Business School Supplement 624-708, September 2023.
- September 2023
- Background Note
Amager Bakke: Municipal Waste to Energy
By: Willy Shih, Michael W. Toffel and Kelsey Carter
This background note describes the Amager Bakke waste-to-energy (WtE) plant in Copenhagen, which merges traditional waste incineration with a combined heat and power (CHP) plant and air pollution control (scrubbing) technology, and had plans to add carbon dioxide (CO2)...
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Keywords:
Decarbonization;
Climate Change;
Innovation;
Innovation Focused Strategy;
Environmental Operations;
Environmental Sustainability;
Circular;
Waste Heat Recovery;
Waste Management;
Carbon Regulation;
Buildings and Facilities;
Energy;
Environmental Management;
Pollution;
Energy Industry;
Denmark;
Netherlands;
Europe;
European Union
Shih, Willy, Michael W. Toffel, and Kelsey Carter. "Amager Bakke: Municipal Waste to Energy." Harvard Business School Background Note 624-040, September 2023.
- 2023
- Working Paper
Toward Decision-Useful Carbon Information
By: Gunther Glenk
Companies are increasingly viewed as crucial drivers for timely decarbonization. Current accounting practices for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, however, often leave corporate carbon disclosures and abatement obscured. Here I introduce a taxonomy for assuring the...
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Keywords:
Carbon Emissions;
Decarbonization;
Carbon Accounting;
Net-zero Emissions;
Greenhouse Gas Emissions;
Environment;
Environmental Impact;
Management;
Sustainable Cities;
Corporate Disclosure;
Environmental Accounting;
Environmental Management;
Climate Change;
Accounting Industry;
Consulting Industry;
Energy Industry;
Auto Industry;
Construction Industry;
Transportation Industry;
Financial Services Industry;
Green Technology Industry;
Industrial Products Industry;
Information Technology Industry;
Manufacturing Industry;
Public Administration Industry;
Steel Industry;
Utilities Industry;
Europe;
North America;
South America;
Africa;
Asia
Glenk, Gunther. "Toward Decision-Useful Carbon Information." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-026, September 2023. (TRR 266 Accounting for Transparency Working Paper Series, No. 121, May 2023.)
- Article
Update on E-liability Accounting
By: Robert Kaplan, Karthik Ramanna and Piyush Jha
Since publication of the original E-liability carbon accounting paper (HBR, Nov 2021), we created the E-liability Institute to help companies, governments, and nonprofits implement the method. The Institute’s mission is to test and validate the method, and develop...
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Keywords:
Decarbonization;
Carbon Footprint;
Supply Chain;
Environmental Sustainability;
Environmental Accounting
Kaplan, Robert, Karthik Ramanna, and Piyush Jha. "Update on E-liability Accounting." Accountability in a Sustainable World Quarterly, no. 4 (September 2023): 96–117.
- August 2023 (Revised January 2024)
- Supplement
Arla Foods: Data-Driven Decarbonization (A)
By: Michael Parzen, Michael W. Toffel, Amram Migdal and Susan Pinckney
Arla implemented a data-based price incentive system to measure, track, and influence climate friendly changes to reduce CO2 emissions across the world’s fourth largest dairy cooperative.
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Keywords:
Dairy Industry;
Business Earnings;
Earnings Management;
Environmental Accounting;
Agribusiness;
Animal-Based Agribusiness;
Acquisition;
Mergers and Acquisitions;
Decision Making;
Decisions;
Voting;
Environmental Management;
Climate Change;
Environmental Regulation;
Environmental Sustainability;
Green Technology;
Pollution;
Moral Sensibility;
Values and Beliefs;
Financial Strategy;
Price;
Profit;
Revenue;
Food;
Geopolitical Units;
Global Strategy;
Ownership Type;
Cooperative Ownership;
Performance Efficiency;
Performance Evaluation;
Problems and Challenges;
Natural Environment;
Science-Based Business;
Business Strategy;
Commercialization;
Cooperation;
Corporate Strategy;
Food and Beverage Industry;
Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry;
Europe;
United Kingdom;
European Union;
Germany;
Denmark;
Sweden;
Luxembourg;
Belgium
- August 2023 (Revised March 2024)
- Case
Arla Foods: Data-Driven Decarbonization (A)
By: Michael Parzen, Michael W. Toffel, Susan Pinckney and Amram Migdal
The case describes Arla’s history, in particular its climate change mitigation efforts, and how it implemented a price incentive system to motivate individual farms to implement scope 1 greenhouse gas emissions mitigation measures and receive a higher milk price. The...
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Keywords:
Dairy Industry;
Business Earnings;
Agribusiness;
Animal-Based Agribusiness;
Acquisition;
Mergers and Acquisitions;
Decision Making;
Decisions;
Voting;
Environmental Management;
Climate Change;
Environmental Regulation;
Environmental Sustainability;
Green Technology;
Pollution;
Moral Sensibility;
Values and Beliefs;
Financial Strategy;
Price;
Profit;
Revenue;
Food;
Geopolitical Units;
Global Strategy;
Ownership Type;
Cooperative Ownership;
Performance Efficiency;
Performance Evaluation;
Problems and Challenges;
Natural Environment;
Science-Based Business;
Business Strategy;
Commercialization;
Cooperation;
Corporate Strategy;
Food and Beverage Industry;
Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry;
Europe;
United Kingdom;
European Union;
Germany;
Denmark;
Sweden;
Luxembourg;
Belgium
Parzen, Michael, Michael W. Toffel, Susan Pinckney, and Amram Migdal. "Arla Foods: Data-Driven Decarbonization (A)." Harvard Business School Case 624-003, August 2023. (Revised March 2024.)
- August 2023 (Revised January 2024)
- Supplement
Arla Foods: Data-Driven Decarbonization (B)
By: Michael Parzen, Michael W. Toffel, Susan Pinckney and Amram Migdal
The case describes Arla’s history, in particular its climate change mitigation efforts, and how it implemented a price incentive system to motivate individual farms to implement scope 1 greenhouse gas emissions mitigation measures and receive a higher milk price. The...
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Keywords:
Dairy Industry;
Earnings Management;
Environmental Accounting;
Animal-Based Agribusiness;
Mergers and Acquisitions;
Decisions;
Voting;
Climate Change;
Environmental Regulation;
Environmental Sustainability;
Green Technology;
Pollution;
Moral Sensibility;
Values and Beliefs;
Financial Strategy;
Price;
Profit;
Revenue;
Food;
Geopolitical Units;
Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues;
Global Strategy;
Cooperative Ownership;
Performance Efficiency;
Performance Evaluation;
Problems and Challenges;
Natural Environment;
Science-Based Business;
Business Strategy;
Commercial Banking;
Cooperation;
Corporate Strategy;
Food and Beverage Industry;
Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry;
Europe;
United Kingdom;
European Union;
Denmark;
Sweden;
Luxembourg;
Belgium
Parzen, Michael, Michael W. Toffel, Susan Pinckney, and Amram Migdal. "Arla Foods: Data-Driven Decarbonization (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 624-036, August 2023. (Revised January 2024.)
- August 2023 (Revised September 2023)
- Case
T.G.S. Transportation: Battery Electric or Hydrogen?
By: Willy C. Shih
Peter Schneider, the President of T.G.S. Transportation, Inc., faced a choice. His company operated drayage trucks that moved containerized cargo between the Ports of Los Angeles, Long Beach, and Oakland to customers across the State of California, with a focus on the...
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Keywords:
Decarbonization;
Transportation;
Clean Technology;
Energy;
Energy Policy;
Renewable Energy;
Environmental Sustainability;
Truck Transportation;
Transportation Industry;
United States;
California
Shih, Willy C. "T.G.S. Transportation: Battery Electric or Hydrogen?" Harvard Business School Case 624-032, August 2023. (Revised September 2023.)