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- July 2023 (Revised July 2023)
- Background Note
Generative AI Value Chain
By: Andy Wu and Matt Higgins
Generative AI refers to a type of artificial intelligence (AI) that can create new content (e.g., text, image, or audio) in response to a prompt from a user. ChatGPT, Bard, and Claude are examples of text generating AIs, and DALL-E, Midjourney, and Stable Diffusion are...
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Wu, Andy, and Matt Higgins. "Generative AI Value Chain." Harvard Business School Background Note 724-355, July 2023. (Revised July 2023.)
- January 2023
- Case
Kavnia Coffee
By: Lindsay N. Hyde, Thomas R. Eisenmann, Kumba Sennaar, Sarah Mehta and Jiyoon Han
Case on a coffee hardware startup where a series of experiments and pivots led founder to conclude that the venture was no longer viable.
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- January 2023 (Revised January 2023)
- Case
Belden and Digital Transformation: From Product Sales to Solutions Sales
By: Frank V. Cespedes and Amy Klopfenstein
This case concerns the industrial automation division at Belden, a hardware manufacturer. While Belden historically sold products such as cables, wires, and other networking devices, EVP of Industrial Automation Ashish Chand recognized that IT vendors were entering the...
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Keywords:
Implementation;
Sales Cycle;
Digital Transformation;
Sales;
Product Positioning;
Business Model;
Market Entry and Exit;
Customer Focus and Relationships;
Business and Stakeholder Relations;
Supply and Industry;
Technology Industry;
North America;
United States
Cespedes, Frank V., and Amy Klopfenstein. "Belden and Digital Transformation: From Product Sales to Solutions Sales." Harvard Business School Case 823-002, January 2023. (Revised January 2023.)
- September 2022 (Revised December 2022)
- Case
Navya: Steering Toward a Driverless Future
By: Julian De Freitas, Elie Ofek, Shaun Ingledew and Tonia Labruyere
In 2022, Sophie Desormière arrived at French roboshuttle producer Navya, tasked with charting a new course in a challenging sector. The company, which had recently listed on the Paris Stock Exchange, was burning through cash reserves and needed to transform the promise...
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Keywords:
Autonomous Vehicles;
Market Entry and Exit;
Opportunities;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Consumer Behavior;
Business Model;
Auto Industry;
Transportation Industry;
France;
United States
De Freitas, Julian, Elie Ofek, Shaun Ingledew, and Tonia Labruyere. "Navya: Steering Toward a Driverless Future." Harvard Business School Case 523-046, September 2022. (Revised December 2022.)
- September 2022
- Case
AllSpice: GitHub for Hardware Engineers
By: Jeffrey J. Bussgang and Mel Martin
AllSpice, a software-as-a-service company that built a GitHub-like revision control tool for hardware engineers, was in the midst of preparing for rapid scale when the 2022 market downturn left them with big decisions to make. Cofounder and CEO Valentina Ratner had to...
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Keywords:
Scaling;
SaaS;
Strategy;
Marketing;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Resource Allocation;
Customer Focus and Relationships;
Technology Industry;
Electronics Industry;
United States
Bussgang, Jeffrey J., and Mel Martin. "AllSpice: GitHub for Hardware Engineers." Harvard Business School Case 823-022, September 2022.
- Article
More-Experienced Entrepreneurs Have Bigger Deadline Problems
By: Andy Wu, Aticus Peterson and Amy Meeker
Professor Andy Wu and doctoral candidate Aticus Peterson of Harvard Business School tracked 314 entrepreneurs who launched multiple technology hardware products on the crowdfunding platform Kickstarter from September 2010 to June 2019. The more projects the founders...
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Wu, Andy, Aticus Peterson, and Amy Meeker. "More-Experienced Entrepreneurs Have Bigger Deadline Problems." Harvard Business Review 100, no. 2 (March–April 2022): 28–29. (IdeaWatch.)
- April 2021
- Case
Transforming BlackBerry: From Smartphones to Software
By: Ranjay Gulati and Nicole Tempest Keller
On the verge of failure, BlackBerry brought in John Chen as CEO in 2013 to orchestrate a bold turnaround of the company. Once an iconic leader in the smartphone market, BlackBerry was best known for its tactile QWERTY keyboard, strong security, and a focus on business...
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Keywords:
Pivot;
Managing Change;
Turnaround;
Smartphone;
Change Management;
Leading Change;
Transformation;
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Digital Platforms;
Change;
Information Infrastructure;
Applications and Software;
Competitive Strategy;
Cybersecurity;
Technology Industry;
Transportation Industry;
Canada
Gulati, Ranjay, and Nicole Tempest Keller. "Transforming BlackBerry: From Smartphones to Software." Harvard Business School Case 421-052, April 2021.
- November 2020 (Revised March 2021)
- Case
Sercomm: Operating in China Amid COVID-19 and Beyond
By: Prithwiraj Choudhury, Gary P. Pisano and Bonnie Yining Cao
The COVID-19 pandemic had forced a production cut in the factory of Sercomm, one of the world’s major telecom equipment producers, in China. The case explores and highlights the challenges that Chief Executive Officer James Wang faced: How could Sercomm recover and...
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Keywords:
Emerging Markets;
Information Technology;
Operations;
Management;
Health Pandemics;
Strategy;
Telecommunications Industry;
Manufacturing Industry;
China
Choudhury, Prithwiraj, Gary P. Pisano, and Bonnie Yining Cao. "Sercomm: Operating in China Amid COVID-19 and Beyond." Harvard Business School Case 621-005, November 2020. (Revised March 2021.)
- November 2020 (Revised July 2022)
- Case
Dell Technologies: Bringing the Cloud to the Ground
By: Navid Mojir and V. Kasturi Rangan
The case tells the story of Dell Technologies and its efforts to revitalize its value proposition and escape a commodity trap by acquiring EMC for $67 billion—the largest tech acquisition in history. It also shows the deeply intertwined connections between a company’s...
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Keywords:
Value Proposition;
Go-to-market;
Strategic Positioning;
Mergers and Acquisitions;
Business Strategy;
Marketing Strategy;
Technological Innovation;
Business Divisions;
Information Technology Industry;
Computer Industry
Mojir, Navid, and V. Kasturi Rangan. "Dell Technologies: Bringing the Cloud to the Ground." Harvard Business School Case 521-036, November 2020. (Revised July 2022.)
- September 2020
- Case
Apple Bets on Augmented Reality
By: Rory McDonald, David Lane and Mel Martin
In 2020, augmented reality (AR) was still a nascent technology with blockbuster potential, one which Apple was actively developing as its iPhone franchise waned. But the emergence of AR was uneven, including the disappointing Google Glass and the unexpected viral...
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Keywords:
Augmented Reality;
Industry Structures;
Product Development;
Commercialization;
Competition;
Corporate Strategy;
Diversification;
Information Technology;
Technology Adoption;
Information Technology Industry;
Technology Industry;
Video Game Industry
McDonald, Rory, David Lane, and Mel Martin. "Apple Bets on Augmented Reality." Harvard Business School Case 621-007, September 2020.
- June 2020
- Article
Frenemies in Platform Markets: Heterogeneous Profit Foci as Drivers of Compatibility Decisions
By: Ron Adner, Jianqing Chen and Feng Zhu
We study compatibility decisions of two competing platform owners that generate profits through both hardware sales and royalties from content sales. We consider a game-theoretic model in which two platforms offer different standalone utilities to users. We find that...
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Keywords:
Compatibility;
Platform Competition;
Profit Foci;
Digital Platforms;
Competition;
Profit;
Decision Making
Adner, Ron, Jianqing Chen, and Feng Zhu. "Frenemies in Platform Markets: Heterogeneous Profit Foci as Drivers of Compatibility Decisions." Management Science 66, no. 6 (June 2020): 2432–2451.
- April 2020
- Case
Apple Inc. in 2020
By: David B. Yoffie and Daniel Fisher
After a decade as CEO, Tim Cook is facing one of his biggest strategic transitions of his tenure. While Apple had performed spectacularly well under Cook, Apple's core business was maturing. Sales of iPhones, iPads, and Macs were flat or down. However, Apple's new...
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Keywords:
Innovation;
Market Positioning;
Marketing Implementation;
Planning;
Products;
Strategic Positioning;
Strategy;
Information Technology;
Competitive Strategy;
Technological Innovation;
Competitive Advantage;
Product Positioning;
Communication;
Competition;
Leadership;
Strategic Planning;
Computer Industry;
Telecommunications Industry;
Technology Industry
Yoffie, David B., and Daniel Fisher. "Apple Inc. in 2020." Harvard Business School Case 720-454, April 2020.
- October 2019 (Revised January 2020)
- Case
Dulcie Madden (A)—Growth or Exit?
By: Shikhar Ghosh, Christopher Payton and Shweta Bagai
This is part of a three-case series that follows Dulcie Madden's journey as a founder over five years. Case (A) is about managing growth and cash flow; Case (B) is about the exit decision and conditions on a sale; Case (C) shows Madden dealing with adversity and the...
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Keywords:
Entrepreneurial Management;
Family;
Family Conflicts;
Founders' Agreements;
Growth And Development;
Hardware;
VC;
Scaling;
Start-up;
Female Ceo;
Risk Assessment;
Entrepreneurship;
Growth Management;
Equity;
Cash Flow;
Success;
Failure;
Acquisition;
Business Model;
Information Technology;
Valuation;
Family and Family Relationships;
Information Infrastructure;
Apparel and Accessories Industry;
Technology Industry;
United States
Ghosh, Shikhar, Christopher Payton, and Shweta Bagai. "Dulcie Madden (A)—Growth or Exit?" Harvard Business School Case 820-052, October 2019. (Revised January 2020.)
- October 2019 (Revised January 2020)
- Supplement
Dulcie Madden (B)—A Difficult Choice
By: Shikhar Ghosh and Shweta Bagai
This is part of a three-case series that follows Dulcie Madden's journey as a founder over five years. Case (A) is about managing growth and cash flow; Case (B) is about the exit decision and conditions on a sale; Case (C) shows Madden dealing with adversity and the...
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Keywords:
Entrepreneurial Management;
Family;
Family Conflicts;
Founders' Agreements;
Growth And Development;
Hardware;
VC;
Scaling;
Start-up;
Female Ceo;
Risk Assessment;
Entrepreneurship;
Growth Management;
Cash Flow;
Equity;
Success;
Failure;
Acquisition;
Business Model;
Information Technology;
Valuation;
Family and Family Relationships;
Information Infrastructure
Ghosh, Shikhar, and Shweta Bagai. "Dulcie Madden (B)—A Difficult Choice." Harvard Business School Supplement 820-053, October 2019. (Revised January 2020.)
- July 2019
- Case
Instabeat—One More Lap?
By: Shikhar Ghosh, Nicole Tempest Keller and Alpana Thapar
This case follows Lebanese entrepreneur, Hind Hobeika, an engineer and competitive swimmer who spends seven years trying to launch a wearable heartrate monitor and motion sensor to help swimmers track their performance while swimming. While the Beirut-based...
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Keywords:
Startup;
Manufacturing;
Prototyping;
Female Protagonist;
Business Startups;
Decision Making;
Entrepreneurship;
Information Infrastructure;
Information Technology;
Design;
Organizational Culture;
United States;
Lebanon
Ghosh, Shikhar, Nicole Tempest Keller, and Alpana Thapar. "Instabeat—One More Lap?" Harvard Business School Case 820-005, July 2019.
- August 2018
- Case
Enfoca: Private Equity in Peru
By: Victoria Ivashina and Jeffrey Boyar
This case follows Enfoca, Peru’s largest local private equity firm and its portfolio company Maestro, a leading player in Peru’s hardware retail market. Peru’s GDP growth between 2008 and 2014 was the highest of any Latin American country. Growth of the Peruvian middle...
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Ivashina, Victoria, and Jeffrey Boyar. "Enfoca: Private Equity in Peru." Harvard Business School Case 219-030, August 2018.
- February 2017 (Revised August 2018)
- Case
Sarah Powers at Automated Precision Products
By: Jeffrey T. Polzer, Michael Norris, Julia Kelley and Kristina Tobio
In 2017, Sarah Powers, VP of Sales at an automation hardware firm, is trying to understand why some members of her sales team have been underperforming. She is tasked with analyzing her firm’s email and calendar data to try to find relationships between communications...
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Keywords:
People Analytics;
Sales Attainment;
Communication Networks;
Data;
Human Resources;
Business Processes;
Sales;
Communication;
Analytics and Data Science;
Analysis;
Industrial Products Industry;
Manufacturing Industry;
United States
Polzer, Jeffrey T., Michael Norris, Julia Kelley, and Kristina Tobio. "Sarah Powers at Automated Precision Products." Harvard Business School Case 417-072, February 2017. (Revised August 2018.)
- February 2017
- Teaching Note
Opening the Valve: From Software to Hardware
By: Ethan Bernstein, Francesca Gino and Bradley Staats
Teaching Note for HBS Nos. 415-015 and 415-016.
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- November 2016
- Case
ShotSpotter
By: Mitchell Weiss and Sarah McAra
SST, Inc. offered a subscription-based gunfire detection service, ShotSpotter Flex, to cities across the United States in addition to a few abroad. Over its 20-year history, SST had mostly honed a reliable business-to-government sales model, and the company had been...
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Keywords:
ShotSpotter;
SST;
Internet Of Things;
IoT;
Smart Cities;
Public Entrepreneurship;
Enterprise Sales;
Scaling And Growth;
Government;
Public Sector;
Innovation;
Ralph Clark;
Entrepreneurship;
Sales;
Innovation and Invention;
Public Administration Industry;
California;
United States
Weiss, Mitchell, and Sarah McAra. "ShotSpotter." Harvard Business School Case 817-034, November 2016.
- October 2016 (Revised January 2020)
- Case
All Traffic Solutions
By: Rajiv Lal and Scott F. Johnson
All Traffic Solutions traditionally sold traffic signs that collected vehicle data to cities. In recent years, the firm connected their signs to the internet and began selling software that enabled cities to operate their signs remotely and collect data in a more...
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Keywords:
IoT;
Internet Of Things;
Smart Connected Products;
All Traffic Solutions;
Traffic;
Internet and the Web;
Information Technology;
Digital Platforms;
Information Infrastructure;
Applications and Software;
Transportation;
Mobile and Wireless Technology;
Manufacturing Industry;
Technology Industry;
Information Technology Industry;
United States
Lal, Rajiv, and Scott F. Johnson. "All Traffic Solutions." Harvard Business School Case 517-011, October 2016. (Revised January 2020.)