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All HBS Web
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- Faculty Publications (795)
- June 1996 (Revised November 1996)
- Background Note
Economic Gains from Trade: Comparative Advantage
By: Robert E. Kennedy and Nancy F. Koehn
How nations trade and whether they benefit from it are two of the oldest and most important questions in political economy. In the 170 years since David Ricardo formally developed the theory of comparative advantage, it has become one of the principles most widely...
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Kennedy, Robert E., and Nancy F. Koehn. "Economic Gains from Trade: Comparative Advantage." Harvard Business School Background Note 796-183, June 1996. (Revised November 1996.)
- May 1996 (Revised May 1997)
- Case
Colliers International Property Consultants, Inc.: Managing a Virtual Organization
By: Lynda M. Applegate and Carin-Isabel Knoop
In less than 20 years, the real estate firm Colliers International expanded into a federation of 180 offices with close to 4,500 professionals in over 30 countries. Because Colliers expanded by signing up existing firms strong in their local markets, its leaders had to...
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Keywords:
Demand and Consumers;
Globalized Firms and Management;
Management Practices and Processes;
Service Operations;
Information Technology;
Organizational Structure;
Mergers and Acquisitions;
Business Strategy;
Budgets and Budgeting;
Real Estate Industry
Applegate, Lynda M., and Carin-Isabel Knoop. "Colliers International Property Consultants, Inc.: Managing a Virtual Organization." Harvard Business School Case 396-080, May 1996. (Revised May 1997.)
- April 1996
- Case
Controlling International Oil (B): The Rise and Fall of OPEC (Abridged)
By: Richard H.K. Vietor and Debora L. Spar
Vietor, Richard H.K., and Debora L. Spar. "Controlling International Oil (B): The Rise and Fall of OPEC (Abridged)." Harvard Business School Case 796-165, April 1996.
- March 1996 (Revised July 1996)
- Case
Service Corporation International
By: Benjamin C. Esty and Craig F Schreiber
The CFO of a high-growth company in the low-growth and fragmented funeral services industry must decide how to optimize capital structure and earnings growth while maximizing the company's market value.
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Keywords:
Financial Management;
Value Creation;
Business Growth and Maturation;
Consolidation;
Industry Growth;
Capital Structure;
Expansion;
Service Industry;
United States;
North and Central America
Esty, Benjamin C., and Craig F Schreiber. "Service Corporation International." Harvard Business School Case 296-080, March 1996. (Revised July 1996.)
- 1996
- Book
The Evolution of International Business
By: G. Jones
Jones, G. The Evolution of International Business. London: Routledge, 1996.
- October 1995
- Article
Start-ups, Spin-offs, and Internal Projects
By: James J. Anton and Dennis Yao
We examine the incentive problem confronting a firm and employee when the employee privately discovers a significant invention and faces a choice between keeping the invention private and leaving the firm to form a new company (start-up), or transferring knowledge and...
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Keywords:
Business Startups;
Projects;
Motivation and Incentives;
Rights;
Employees;
Innovation and Invention;
Compensation and Benefits;
Knowledge Sharing;
Capital;
Profit
Anton, James J., and Dennis Yao. "Start-ups, Spin-offs, and Internal Projects." Journal of Law, Economics & Organization 11, no. 2 (October 1995): 362–378. (Harvard users click here for full text.)
- September 1995 (Revised March 1998)
- Case
Argentina's YPF Sociedad Anonima (B)
By: Michael Y. Yoshino and Carin-Isabel Knoop
YPF, a recently privatized and restructured Argentine-based oil company now turns its attention to international expansion and faces an opportunity to acquire Maxus, a troubled U.S. oil company. The case discusses whether the company should go ahead with the proposed...
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Keywords:
Acquisition;
Non-Renewable Energy;
Globalization;
Emerging Markets;
Market Entry and Exit;
Privatization;
Natural Environment;
Expansion;
United States;
Argentina
Yoshino, Michael Y., and Carin-Isabel Knoop. "Argentina's YPF Sociedad Anonima (B)." Harvard Business School Case 396-024, September 1995. (Revised March 1998.)
- April 1995 (Revised July 1996)
- Case
Microsoft, 1995
By: Tarun Khanna, David B. Yoffie and Israel Yellen Ganot
Explores Microsoft's core desktop computing software business and its newer endeavors in 1995. Designed to explore the sustainability of its phenomenal success, and to examine the logic behind its renewed emphasis on some areas, particularly the home computing software...
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Khanna, Tarun, David B. Yoffie, and Israel Yellen Ganot. "Microsoft, 1995." Harvard Business School Case 795-147, April 1995. (Revised July 1996.)
- April 1995 (Revised July 1996)
- Case
Governance at Metallgesellschaft (A)
By: Jay W. Lorsch and Samanta Graff
MG Corp., a U.S. subsidiary of Germany's international conglomerate, Metallgesellschaft, engaged in a disastrous hedging strategy that nearly dragged the entire enterprise into bankruptcy. This case explores issues of responsibility and accountability among the...
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Keywords:
Business Subsidiaries;
Corporate Accountability;
Business Conglomerates;
Governing and Advisory Boards;
Insolvency and Bankruptcy;
Corporate Governance;
Mining Industry;
Chemical Industry;
Germany;
United States
Lorsch, Jay W., and Samanta Graff. "Governance at Metallgesellschaft (A)." Harvard Business School Case 495-055, April 1995. (Revised July 1996.)
- April 1995 (Revised August 1995)
- Case
World Trade Organization, The: Toward Free Trade or World Bureaucracy?
By: George C. Lodge and Jack High
In January 1995, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) evolved into the World Trade Organization (WTO), which faced the task of implementing the recently approved Uruguay Round of international trade agreements. This case describes the development of GATT,...
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Keywords:
Trade;
Agreements and Arrangements;
Negotiation Process;
Business and Government Relations
Lodge, George C., and Jack High. "World Trade Organization, The: Toward Free Trade or World Bureaucracy?" Harvard Business School Case 795-149, April 1995. (Revised August 1995.)
- January 1995
- Case
Controlling International Oil (B): The Rise and Fall of OPEC
By: Debora L. Spar and Richard H.K. Vietor
Spar, Debora L., and Richard H.K. Vietor. "Controlling International Oil (B): The Rise and Fall of OPEC." Harvard Business School Case 795-066, January 1995.
- December 1994 (Revised February 1995)
- Case
Controlling International Oil (A): The Seven Sisters
By: Debora L. Spar and Richard H.K. Vietor
Spar, Debora L., and Richard H.K. Vietor. "Controlling International Oil (A): The Seven Sisters." Harvard Business School Case 795-065, December 1994. (Revised February 1995.)
- November 1994
- Background Note
Why Bad Things Happen to Good Companies
By: Benson P. Shapiro, Adrian J. Slywotsky and Richard S. Tedlow
Describes the Darwinian internal and external processes that lead to poor performance from a previously well performing company. Demonstrates why any business design eventually fails and the role of organizational calcification and poor leadership in the failure. Also...
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Keywords:
Leadership;
Management Practices and Processes;
Organizational Design;
Failure;
Performance
Shapiro, Benson P., Adrian J. Slywotsky, and Richard S. Tedlow. "Why Bad Things Happen to Good Companies." Harvard Business School Background Note 595-045, November 1994.
- November 1994
- Case
Bain & Company: International Expansion
By: Michael Y. Yoshino and J. Peter Williamson
Bain & Co., a leading strategy consulting firm, faces major strategic and organizational issues regarding global expansion. The Bain partners must choose a course among many exciting and attractive opportunities for growth. Also explores organizational and managerial...
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Keywords:
Business or Company Management;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Management;
Expansion;
Global Strategy;
Decision Making;
Organizations;
Partners and Partnerships;
Consulting Industry
Yoshino, Michael Y., and J. Peter Williamson. "Bain & Company: International Expansion." Harvard Business School Case 395-102, November 1994.
- November 1994
- Case
Navistar International
By: Stuart C. Gilson and Jeremy Cott
As a consequence of laying off half its workforce in a massive downsizing program, the company--a large manufacturer of medium and heavy trucks--struggles with a huge ($2.6 billion) liability for retiree medical costs. Although the company has promised its retirees...
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Keywords:
Negotiation Process;
Wages;
Labor Unions;
Legal Liability;
Insolvency and Bankruptcy;
Restructuring
Gilson, Stuart C., and Jeremy Cott. "Navistar International." Harvard Business School Case 295-030, November 1994.
- October 1994 (Revised October 1995)
- Case
AT&T and the International Settlements Problem
By: Willis M. Emmons III and David Riordan
Emmons, Willis M., III, and David Riordan. "AT&T and the International Settlements Problem." Harvard Business School Case 795-035, October 1994. (Revised October 1995.)
- October 1994 (Revised November 1995)
- Case
N.V. Philips Electronics - Currency Hedging Policies
By: Richard F. Meyer
Describes Philips Electronics' policies and problems relating to foreign exchange risk and hedging. Explains centralization versus decentralization of currency hedging, economic role versus transaction role, the difficulties of capturing the necessary information...
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Keywords:
Business Divisions;
Currency Exchange Rate;
International Finance;
Globalization;
Policy;
Information Management;
Management;
Problems and Challenges;
Risk and Uncertainty
Meyer, Richard F. "N.V. Philips Electronics - Currency Hedging Policies." Harvard Business School Case 295-055, October 1994. (Revised November 1995.)
- September 1994
- Case
Marks & Spencer: Sir Richard Greenbury's Quiet Revolution
By: Joseph L. Bower and John B. Matthews Jr.
Marks & Spencer (M&S) is one of the world's greatest companies. In 1994, its management was chosen the most admired in Europe by 637 peers. The case explores how Sir Richard Greenbury, appointed the new chairman of the company in 1991, transformed his inheritance into...
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Keywords:
Growth and Development Strategy;
Business or Company Management;
Business Strategy;
Management Teams;
Global Strategy;
Multinational Firms and Management;
Europe;
United States
Bower, Joseph L., and John B. Matthews Jr. "Marks & Spencer: Sir Richard Greenbury's Quiet Revolution." Harvard Business School Case 395-054, September 1994.
- September 1994
- Teaching Note
Bribery and Extortion in International Business TN
By: James E. Austin and Tomas Otto Kohn
- September 1994 (Revised September 1994)
- Case
Acer Group, The: Vision for the Year 2000
By: D. Quinn Mills and Richard C. Wei
In the early 1990s, Acer, Inc. set two goals: to be a top-five PC company worldwide in 1995 and to be a global consortium of companies by the year 2000. The company identified potential obstacles concerning capital, image, number of experienced international managers,...
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Keywords:
Mission and Purpose;
Goals and Objectives;
Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques;
Organizational Structure;
Global Strategy;
Multinational Firms and Management;
Experience and Expertise;
Marketing Strategy;
Production;
Rank and Position;
Business Strategy;
Capital;
Computer Industry;
Japan
Mills, D. Quinn, and Richard C. Wei. "Acer Group, The: Vision for the Year 2000." Harvard Business School Case 495-001, September 1994. (Revised September 1994.)