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- 2024
- Working Paper
The Value of Open Source Software
By: Manuel Hoffmann, Frank Nagle and Yanuo Zhou
The value of a non-pecuniary (free) product is inherently difficult to assess. A pervasive
example is open source software (OSS), a global public good that plays a vital role in the economy
and is foundational for most technology we use today. However, it is...
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Hoffmann, Manuel, Frank Nagle, and Yanuo Zhou. "The Value of Open Source Software." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-038, January 2024.
- October 2023
- Case
Taiwan after Globalization: Twilight of the Developmental State?
By: Debora L. Spar and Julia Comeau
In the last 70 years, the small island of Taiwan has achieved what many believe to be a “miracle”: its economy has grown at a record-setting pace, driven and guided by one of the world's most successful set of industrial policies, and it has become one of the richest...
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Keywords:
Economic Growth;
Economic Slowdown and Stagnation;
Trade;
Policy;
Government and Politics;
Semiconductor Industry;
Technology Industry;
Taiwan;
China;
Asia;
United States
Spar, Debora L., and Julia Comeau. "Taiwan after Globalization: Twilight of the Developmental State?" Harvard Business School Case 324-032, October 2023.
- 2024
- Working Paper
Generative AI and Creative Problem Solving
The rapid advances in generative artificial intelligence (AI) open up attractive opportunities for creative
problem-solving through human-guided AI partnerships. To explore this potential, we initiated a
crowdsourcing challenge focused on sustainable, circular...
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Boussioux, Léonard, Jacqueline N. Lane, Miaomiao Zhang, Vladimir Jacimovic, and Karim R. Lakhani. "Generative AI and Creative Problem Solving." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-005, July 2023. (Revised March 2024.)
- August 2023 (Revised October 2023)
- Case
Beyond the Barricades: Chile 2023
Chile, often considered among Latin America's greatest economic success stories, suffered a shocking wave of protests in October 2019, as its citizens demanded reforms across healthcare and education systems, and protested inequality and rising costs of living. As...
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Keywords:
Government Administration;
Developing Countries and Economies;
Economic Growth;
Social Issues;
Wealth and Poverty;
Public Opinion;
Equality and Inequality;
Public Administration Industry;
Chile;
Latin America;
South America
Spar, Debora, Willis Emmons, Leonard A. Schlesinger, and Ruth Costas. "Beyond the Barricades: Chile 2023." Harvard Business School Case 324-005, August 2023. (Revised October 2023.)
- July 13, 2023
- Article
Threads Foreshadows a Big—and Surprising—Shift in Social Media
By: Scott Duke Kominers and Liang Wu
Threads, Meta’s Twitter competitor, has become the fastest downloaded app in history. One of the reasons for this is because it allows users to port over their profiles and follows from the already popular social media platform Instagram, also owned by Meta—a feature...
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Keywords:
Decentralization;
Twitter;
Facebook;
Instagram;
Crypto Economy;
Blockchain;
Network;
Industrial Organization;
Competition;
Open Innovation;
Open Platforms;
Open Source Innovation;
Social Networks;
Social Media;
Applications and Software;
Information Technology Industry
Kominers, Scott Duke, and Liang Wu. "Threads Foreshadows a Big—and Surprising—Shift in Social Media." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (July 13, 2023).
- February 2023 (Revised June 2023)
- Case
Doing Business in Santiago, Chile
By: Willis Emmons, Leonard A. Schlesinger and Ruth Costas
The case uses the example of the opening of the first IKEA furniture store in Chile – which is operated by Chilean group Falabella – to discuss the opportunities and challenges of doing business in the country. It gives readers an overview of Chile’s economic...
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Keywords:
Business Cycles;
Development Economics;
Developing Countries and Economies;
Economic Growth;
Economic Sectors;
Economy;
Macroeconomics;
Business History;
Chile;
Latin America
Emmons, Willis, Leonard A. Schlesinger, and Ruth Costas. "Doing Business in Santiago, Chile." Harvard Business School Case 323-085, February 2023. (Revised June 2023.)
- July 28, 2022
- Article
DAO Governance Attacks, and How to Avoid Them
By: Pranav Garimidi, Scott Duke Kominers and Tim Roughgarden
Many web3 projects embrace permissionless voting using a fungible and tradable native token. Permissionless voting can offer many benefits, from lowering barriers to entry to increasing competition. Token holders can use their tokens to vote on a range of issues—from...
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Keywords:
Crypto Economy;
Cryptocurrency;
Governance;
Voting;
Decentralized Autonomous Organizations;
Organizational Structure;
Digital Platforms
Garimidi, Pranav, Scott Duke Kominers, and Tim Roughgarden. "DAO Governance Attacks, and How to Avoid Them." a16zcrypto.com (July 28, 2022).
- May 2022
- Article
Strengthening Digital Infrastructure: A Policy Agenda for Free and Open Source Software
By: Frank Nagle
While there is little debate that digital forces are playing an increasingly crucial role in the economy, there
is limited understanding of the importance of the digital infrastructure that underlies this role. Much of the
discussion around digital infrastructure has...
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Nagle, Frank. "Strengthening Digital Infrastructure: A Policy Agenda for Free and Open Source Software." Brookings Series: Reimagining Modern-day Markets and Regulations (May 2022).
- January 2022
- Background Note
Common Prosperity? China Shifts Left
By: William C. Kirby and Noah B. Truwit
Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has been mistrustful of entrepreneurs and the private sector that operates outside the government’s authority. In its first decades under Mao Zedong, the CCP...
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Keywords:
Market Reform;
Gdp;
Government Administration;
Government and Politics;
Private Sector;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Economy;
Globalized Economies and Regions;
Entrepreneurship;
Business and Government Relations;
Globalized Markets and Industries;
Social Issues;
Society;
Economic Growth;
China
- September 2, 2021
- Article
The Digital Economy Runs on Open Source. Here's How to Protect It.
By: Hila Lifshitz-Assaf and Frank Nagle
Free and open source software (FOSS) is essential to much of the tech we use every day—from cars to phones to planes to the cloud. While traditionally, it was developed by an army of volunteer developers and given away for free, companies are increasingly taking a more...
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Keywords:
Free And Open-source Software;
FOSS;
Open Source Distribution;
Applications and Software;
Collaborative Innovation and Invention;
Organizations;
Policy;
Cybersecurity
Lifshitz-Assaf, Hila, and Frank Nagle. "The Digital Economy Runs on Open Source. Here's How to Protect It." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (September 2, 2021).
- May 2021
- Case
The International Space Station, Principal-Agent Problems, and NASA's Quest to Keep Humans in Space
By: Matthew Weinzierl and Mehak Sarang
In building the International Space Station (ISS), NASA opened the door to the development of a robust in-space economy in low-Earth Orbit, and yet the decision to build the station, and continue to extend its lifetime, placed a huge burden on NASA’s Human Spaceflight...
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Keywords:
Aerospace;
Nasa;
Space Economy;
Principal-agent Theory;
Policy;
Commercialization;
Aerospace Industry
Weinzierl, Matthew, and Mehak Sarang. "The International Space Station, Principal-Agent Problems, and NASA's Quest to Keep Humans in Space." Harvard Business School Case 721-054, May 2021.
- October 2020
- Case
Israelis, Palestinians and the Technology Bridge Between Them: A Work in Progress
By: Elie Ofek and Lia Weiner
In Israel of 2020 the demand for software engineers was endless. Meanwhile just miles away, Palestinian universities were graduating 3,000 engineers a year, and many of them could not find jobs in the still nascent Palestinian tech sector. Could these dots be...
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Keywords:
Geopolitics;
Technology Ecosystem;
Software Engineers;
Information Technology;
Applications and Software;
Business Startups;
International Relations;
Cooperation;
Opportunities;
Problems and Challenges;
Technology Industry;
Israel;
Palestinian state
Ofek, Elie, and Lia Weiner. "Israelis, Palestinians and the Technology Bridge Between Them: A Work in Progress." Harvard Business School Case 521-046, October 2020.
- August 2020 (Revised November 2022)
- Case
George Soros: The Stateless Statesman
By: Geoffrey Jones and Wendy Ying
This case traces the business career and philanthropic activities of George Soros. The Hungarian-born Soros made a fortune as a hedge fund investor after establishing Quantum Fund on the tax haven island of Curaçao in the Netherlands Antilles in 1973 where he was...
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Keywords:
Hedge Fund;
Philanthropy;
Populism;
Finance;
Philanthropy and Charitable Giving;
Political Elections;
Personal Development and Career;
Leadership Style;
Financial Services Industry;
Europe;
Hungary;
United Kingdom;
North and Central America;
United States
Jones, Geoffrey, and Wendy Ying. "George Soros: The Stateless Statesman." Harvard Business School Case 321-012, August 2020. (Revised November 2022.)
- 2020
- Working Paper
Transaction Cost Economics in the Digital Economy: A Research Agenda
By: Frank Nagle, Robert Seamans and Steve Tadelis
Transaction Cost Economics (TCE) theory has played an important role in understanding when it is more efficient for a transaction between two parties to occur within the market or within an organization. However, as more transactions occur in a digitally-mediated...
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Keywords:
Transaction Cost Economics;
Digital Economy;
Economics;
Cost;
Markets;
Research;
Digital Transformation
Nagle, Frank, Robert Seamans, and Steve Tadelis. "Transaction Cost Economics in the Digital Economy: A Research Agenda." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-009, July 2020.
- June 2020
- Article
U.S. Monetary Policy and Emerging Market Credit Cycles
By: Falk Bräuning and Victoria Ivashina
Foreign banks’ lending to firms in emerging market economies (EMEs) is large and denominated predominantly in U.S. dollars. This creates a direct connection between U.S. monetary policy and EME credit cycles. We estimate that over a typical U.S. monetary easing cycle,...
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Keywords:
Global Business Cycle;
Monetary Policy;
Reaching For Yield;
Money;
Policy;
Credit;
Emerging Markets
Bräuning, Falk, and Victoria Ivashina. "U.S. Monetary Policy and Emerging Market Credit Cycles." Journal of Monetary Economics 112 (June 2020): 57–76.
- July–August 2018
- Article
Learning by Contributing: Gaining Competitive Advantage Through Contribution to Crowdsourced Public Goods
By: Frank Nagle
As the economy becomes more information based, firms are increasingly using crowdsourced public goods as inputs for innovation and production. Counterintuitively, some firms pay their employees to contribute to the creation of these goods, which can be used freely by...
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Keywords:
Open Source Distribution;
Applications and Software;
Competitive Strategy;
Learning;
Competitive Advantage
Nagle, Frank. "Learning by Contributing: Gaining Competitive Advantage Through Contribution to Crowdsourced Public Goods." Organization Science 29, no. 4 (July–August 2018): 569–587.
- 2018
- Article
Overcoming Barriers to Time-Saving: Reminders of Future Busyness Encourage Consumers to Buy Time
By: A. V. Whillans, Elizabeth W. Dunn and Michael I. Norton
Spending money on time-saving purchases improves happiness. Yet, people often fail to spend their money in this way. Because most people believe that the future will be less busy than the present, they may underweight the value of these purchases. We examine the impact...
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Keywords:
Consumer Choice;
Sharing Economy;
Opportunity Cost;
Time-as Money;
Well-being;
Time Management;
Happiness;
Perception;
Behavior
Whillans, A. V., Elizabeth W. Dunn, and Michael I. Norton. "Overcoming Barriers to Time-Saving: Reminders of Future Busyness Encourage Consumers to Buy Time." Social Influence 13, no. 2 (2018): 117–124.
- Spring 2016
- Article
Performance Responses to Competition Across Skill-Levels in Rank Order Tournaments: Field Evidence and Implications for Tournament Design
By: Kevin J. Boudreau, Karim R. Lakhani and Michael E. Menietti
Tournaments are widely used in the economy to organize production and innovation. We study individual contestant-level data from 2,796 contestants in 774 software algorithm design contests with random assignment. Precisely conforming to theory predictions, the...
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Boudreau, Kevin J., Karim R. Lakhani, and Michael E. Menietti. "Performance Responses to Competition Across Skill-Levels in Rank Order Tournaments: Field Evidence and Implications for Tournament Design." RAND Journal of Economics 47, no. 1 (Spring 2016): 140–165.
- 2016
- Book
Revolutionizing Innovation: Users, Communities, and Open Innovation
By: Dietmar Harhoff and Karim R. Lakhani
The last two decades have witnessed an extraordinary growth of new models of managing and organizing the innovation process, which emphasize users over producers. Large parts of the knowledge economy now routinely rely on users, communities, and open innovation...
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Harhoff, Dietmar and Karim R. Lakhani, eds. Revolutionizing Innovation: Users, Communities, and Open Innovation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016.
- February 2016 (Revised September 2017)
- Case
Mohamed Azab and Seha Capital
By: Richard G. Hamermesh and Sarah McAra
In January 2011, Mohamed Azab, founder and CEO of health care investment firm Seha Capital, made his first health care investment in Hassab Labs, a diagnostic lab in Alexandria, Egypt. Weeks later, a revolution erupted across the country as the Arab Spring swept...
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Keywords:
Health Care;
Health;
Pan-Africa;
Health Care Investment;
Financing;
Developing World;
Entrepreneurship;
Health Care and Treatment;
Investment;
Financing and Loans;
Developing Countries and Economies;
Egypt;
Africa
Hamermesh, Richard G., and Sarah McAra. "Mohamed Azab and Seha Capital." Harvard Business School Case 816-066, February 2016. (Revised September 2017.)