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All HBS Web
(958)
- Faculty Publications (235)
- March 2018
- Article
Hospital Budget Systems are Holding Back Innovation
By: Robert S. Kaplan, Michael S. Jellinek and Derek A. Haas
Nearly 800 digital health startups were funded in 2017, an all-time high. Each of the new companies offers the hope of transforming the performance of the U.S. health care system. The audience for such innovation wants to be receptive: A recent American Hospital...
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Kaplan, Robert S., Michael S. Jellinek, and Derek A. Haas. "Hospital Budget Systems are Holding Back Innovation." Special Issue on HBR Insight Center: Health Care's New Frontier. Harvard Business Review (website) (March 2018).
- 2017
- Chapter
Are Founder CEOs Good Managers?
By: Victor Manuel Bennett, Megan Lawrence and Raffaella Sadun
We investigate the management practices adopted by firms where the founders are also the CEOs using data from the World Management Survey. We find that founder CEO firms have the lowest management scores of any owner-manager pair type and that this difference is...
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Bennett, Victor Manuel, Megan Lawrence, and Raffaella Sadun. "Are Founder CEOs Good Managers?" Chap. 4 in Measuring Entrepreneurial Businesses: Current Knowledge and Challenges. Vol. 75, edited by John Haltiwanger, Erik Hurst, Javier Miranda, and Antoinette Schoar, 153–185. Studies in Income and Wealth (NBER). Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2017.
- August 2017
- Article
Incentives versus Reciprocity: Insights from a Field Experiment
By: Doug J. Chung and Das Narayandas
We conduct a field experiment in which we vary the sales force compensation scheme at an Asian enterprise that sells consumer durable goods. With variation generated by the experimental treatments, we model sales force performance to identify the effectiveness of...
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Keywords:
Sales Force Compensation;
Field Experiment;
Heterogeneity;
Loss Aversion;
Reciprocity;
Salesforce Management;
Compensation and Benefits
Chung, Doug J., and Das Narayandas. "Incentives versus Reciprocity: Insights from a Field Experiment." Journal of Marketing Research (JMR) 54, no. 4 (August 2017): 511–524. (Lead article.)
- 2017
- Working Paper
Seeking to Belong: How the Words of Internal and External Beneficiaries Influence Performance
By: Paul Green, Francesca Gino and Bradley R. Staats
In this paper, we examine how connecting to beneficiaries of one’s work increases performance and argue that beneficiaries internal to an organization (i.e., one’s own colleagues) can serve as an important source of motivation, even in jobs that—on the surface—may seem...
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Keywords:
Prosocial Motivation;
Belongingness;
Motivation;
Job Design;
Field Experiment;
Motivation and Incentives;
Strategy;
Job Design and Levels
Green, Paul, Francesca Gino, and Bradley R. Staats. "Seeking to Belong: How the Words of Internal and External Beneficiaries Influence Performance." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 17-073, February 2017.
- November 2016 (Revised December 2016)
- Module Note
Strategy Execution Module 11: Using Diagnostic and Interactive Control Systems
By: Robert Simons
This module reading introduces diagnostic and interactive control systems. Diagnostic control systems are the management-by-exception systems that managers use to monitor the achievement of their business strategy. Interactive control systems are the systems that top...
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Keywords:
Management Control Systems;
Implementing Strategy;
Execution;
Performance Measurement;
Diagnostic Control Systems;
Interactive Control Systems;
Emergent Strategy;
Goal Setting;
Incentives;
Strategy;
Motivation and Incentives;
Goals and Objectives;
Management Systems;
Performance Evaluation
Simons, Robert. "Strategy Execution Module 11: Using Diagnostic and Interactive Control Systems." Harvard Business School Module Note 117-111, November 2016. (Revised December 2016.)
- November 2016 (Revised December 2016)
- Module Note
Strategy Execution Module 12: Aligning Performance Goals and Incentives
By: Robert Simons
This module reading explains how managers use performance goals and incentives to ensure that employee actions align with the overall business strategy of the organization. The module begins by discussing how managers use goals to communicate business strategy, the...
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Keywords:
Management Control Systems;
Implementing Strategy;
Execution;
Performance Goals;
Performance Measures;
Incentives;
Benchmarks;
Motivation;
Compensation;
Bonuses;
Strategy
Simons, Robert. "Strategy Execution Module 12: Aligning Performance Goals and Incentives." Harvard Business School Module Note 117-112, November 2016. (Revised December 2016.)
- October 2016 (Revised October 2017)
- Case
Misaki Capital and Sangetsu Corporation
By: Ian Gow, Charles C.Y. Wang, Naoko Jinjo and Nobuo Sato
Japan’s corporate culture has traditionally prioritized the interests of stakeholders such as customers, employees, and suppliers over those of shareholders. After a decades-long economic slump, Japan’s government has revitalized efforts to improve corporate governance...
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Keywords:
Activist Investing;
Constructivist Investing;
Japan;
Valuation;
Stock Screens;
Return On Equity;
Investment;
Business and Stakeholder Relations;
Corporate Governance;
Financial Strategy;
Business and Shareholder Relations;
Japan
Gow, Ian, Charles C.Y. Wang, Naoko Jinjo, and Nobuo Sato. "Misaki Capital and Sangetsu Corporation." Harvard Business School Case 117-007, October 2016. (Revised October 2017.)
- September 2016
- Case
Designing Performance Metrics at GoDaddy
By: C. Fritz Foley and Michael Lemm
Scott Wagner has recently joined GoDaddy, a leading provider of cloud-based software and services that helped individuals and small businesses establish a web presence, in the dual role of chief operating officer and chief financial officer. One of his first tasks is...
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Keywords:
Motivation and Incentives;
Management Practices and Processes;
Performance Evaluation;
Compensation and Benefits;
Web Services Industry
Foley, C. Fritz, and Michael Lemm. "Designing Performance Metrics at GoDaddy." Harvard Business School Case 217-004, September 2016.
- July 2016
- Case
'Golden Leash' Pay for Directors at The Dow Chemical Company
By: Ian Gow, Suraj Srinivasan and Neeraj Goyal
In November 2014, The Dow Chemical Company was faced with the prospect of a proxy battle with prominent hedge fund and activist investor Third Point Management. The activist had criticized Dow’s recent performance and advocated that the company split itself to maximize...
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Keywords:
Motivation and Incentives;
Governing and Advisory Boards;
Executive Compensation;
Investment Activism;
Chemical Industry
Gow, Ian, Suraj Srinivasan, and Neeraj Goyal. "'Golden Leash' Pay for Directors at The Dow Chemical Company." Harvard Business School Case 117-029, July 2016.
- Spring 2016
- Article
Performance Responses to Competition Across Skill-Levels in Rank Order Tournaments: Field Evidence and Implications for Tournament Design
By: Kevin J. Boudreau, Karim R. Lakhani and Michael E. Menietti
Tournaments are widely used in the economy to organize production and innovation. We study individual contestant-level data from 2,796 contestants in 774 software algorithm design contests with random assignment. Precisely conforming to theory predictions, the...
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Boudreau, Kevin J., Karim R. Lakhani, and Michael E. Menietti. "Performance Responses to Competition Across Skill-Levels in Rank Order Tournaments: Field Evidence and Implications for Tournament Design." RAND Journal of Economics 47, no. 1 (Spring 2016): 140–165.
- 2017
- Working Paper
Economic Uncertainty and Earnings Management
By: Luke C.D. Stein and Charles C.Y. Wang
In the presence of managerial short-termism and asymmetric information about skill and effort provision, firms may opportunistically shift earnings from uncertain to more certain times. We document empirically that when financial markets are less certain about a firm's...
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Keywords:
Discretionary Accruals;
Uncertainty;
Implied Volatility;
Earnings Response Coefficient;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Earnings Management;
Financial Markets
Stein, Luke C.D., and Charles C.Y. Wang. "Economic Uncertainty and Earnings Management." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 16-103, March 2016. (Revised April 2017.)
- December 2015
- Background Note
Incentive Systems
By: Brian J. Hall
This note serves as a supplement to any course on incentive design within organizations. The note focuses on the principal difficulties in designing incentive systems, including the tradeoff between objective and subjective performance metrics, how to design incentive...
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Keywords:
Organizational Strategy;
Compensation and Benefits;
Motivation and Incentives;
Performance Evaluation;
Strategy
Hall, Brian J. "Incentive Systems." Harvard Business School Background Note 916-029, December 2015.
- September 2015 (Revised September 2020)
- Case
Gap Inc.: Refashioning Performance Management
By: Joshua Margolis, Paul McKinnon and Michael Norris
In 2014, clothing retailer Gap Inc. rolled out a new performance management process for headquarters staff that did away with a traditional rating and ranking system. The new process involved informal monthly meetings between managers and their reports, and it more...
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Keywords:
Performance Management;
Retail;
HR;
Motivation and Incentives;
Performance;
Management;
Human Resources;
Performance Evaluation;
Apparel and Accessories Industry;
Retail Industry
Margolis, Joshua, Paul McKinnon, and Michael Norris. "Gap Inc.: Refashioning Performance Management." Harvard Business School Case 416-019, September 2015. (Revised September 2020.)
- 2015
- Chapter
How Leaders Use Values-based Guidance Systems to Create Dynamic Capabilities
How do strategic leaders create change-adept organizations? Based on qualitative field research, this chapter argues that well-defined institutionalized purpose, values, and principles act as an organizational guidance system that integrates and strengthens the...
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Keywords:
Dynamic Capabilities;
Field Research;
Intrinsic Motivation;
Organizational Identity;
Ecosystem;
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Mission and Purpose;
Motivation and Incentives;
Research;
Management Systems;
Change
Kanter, Rosabeth M., Matthew Bird, Ethan Bernstein, and Ryan Raffaelli. "How Leaders Use Values-based Guidance Systems to Create Dynamic Capabilities." Chap. 2 in The Oxford Handbook of Dynamic Capabilities, edited by David J. Teece and Sohvi Leih. Oxford University Press, 2015. Electronic.
- Article
Formal Measures in Informal Management: Can a Balanced Scorecard Change a Culture?
By: Robert Gibbons and Robert S. Kaplan
Agency theorists, historically, have analyzed what kinds of performance measures should be used in formal incentive contracts. For example, after Kaplan-Norton proposed a balanced scorecard of both financial and non-financial measures, some envisioned its role only in...
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Keywords:
Relational Contracts;
Performance Measurement;
Informal Management;
Balanced Scorecard;
Economics;
Mathematical Methods
Gibbons, Robert, and Robert S. Kaplan. "Formal Measures in Informal Management: Can a Balanced Scorecard Change a Culture?" American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings 105, no. 5 (May 2015).
- 2015
- Working Paper
Incentives versus Reciprocity: Insights from a Field Experiment
By: Doug J. Chung and Das Narayandas
We conduct a field experiment in which we vary the sales force compensation scheme at an Asian enterprise that sells consumer durable goods. With variation generated by the experimental treatments, we model sales force performance to identify the effectiveness of...
View Details
Keywords:
Sales Force Compensation;
Field Experiment;
Heterogeneity;
Loss Aversion;
Reciprocity;
Motivation and Incentives;
Salesforce Management;
Compensation and Benefits
Chung, Doug J., and Das Narayandas. "Incentives versus Reciprocity: Insights from a Field Experiment." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 15-084, April 2015. (Revised November 2015.)
- April 2015
- Article
Incentivizing Calculated Risk-Taking: Evidence from an Experiment with Commercial Bank Loan Officers
By: Shawn Cole, Martin Kanz and Leora Klapper
This paper uses a series of experiments with commercial bank loan officers to test the effect of performance incentives on risk assessment and lending decisions. We first show that while high-powered incentives lead to greater screening effort and more profitable...
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Keywords:
Banking;
Management Processes;
Credit Products;
Experimental Economics;
Risk Management;
Motivation and Incentives;
Management Practices and Processes;
Financing and Loans;
Banking Industry
Cole, Shawn, Martin Kanz, and Leora Klapper. "Incentivizing Calculated Risk-Taking: Evidence from an Experiment with Commercial Bank Loan Officers." Journal of Finance 70, no. 2 (April 2015): 537–575.
- 2015
- Case
Fine Harvest Restaurant Group (cases A and B)
By: Clara (Xiaoling) Chen, Kenneth A. Merchant, Tatiana Sandino and Wim A. Van der Stede
The Fine Harvest Restaurant Group cases A and B examine a company's design of a new system to evaluate the performance (and determine the bonuses) for its restaurant managers. Fine Harvest had traditionally evaluated restaurant managers based on store margins and had...
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- December 2014
- Article
Market Competition, Earnings Management, and Persistence in Accounting Profitability Around the World
We examine how cross-country differences in product, capital, and labor market competition, and earnings management affect mean reversion in accounting return on assets. Using a sample of 48,465 unique firms from 49 countries, we find that accounting returns mean...
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Keywords:
Corporate Performance;
Valuation;
Equity Valuation;
Persistence;
Competitive Advantage;
Institutions;
Earnings Management;
Labor Market;
Capital Markets;
Competition;
Profit;
Performance;
Supply and Industry;
Financial Statements;
Government and Politics;
Globalized Markets and Industries
Healy, Paul M., George Serafeim, Suraj Srinivasan, and Gwen Yu. "Market Competition, Earnings Management, and Persistence in Accounting Profitability Around the World." Review of Accounting Studies 19, no. 4 (December 2014): 1281–1308.
- November 2014
- Article
The Impact of Corporate Sustainability on Organizational Processes and Performance
By: Robert G. Eccles, Ioannis Ioannou and George Serafeim
We investigate the effect of corporate sustainability on organizational processes and performance. Using a matched sample of 180 U.S. companies, we find that corporations that voluntarily adopted sustainability policies by 1993—termed as High Sustainability...
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Keywords:
Sustainability;
Sustainability Management;
Sustainability Research;
Sustainability Reporting;
Sustainability Targets;
Corporate Social Responsibility;
Corporate Accountability;
Reporting;
Corporate Governance;
Investor Clientele;
Investor Communication;
Stock Market;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Environmental Sustainability;
Performance;
United States
Eccles, Robert G., Ioannis Ioannou, and George Serafeim. "The Impact of Corporate Sustainability on Organizational Processes and Performance." Management Science 60, no. 11 (November 2014): 2835–2857.