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- Faculty Publications (33)
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- February 2022
- Article
Taxation and Innovation in the 20th Century
By: Ufuk Akcigit, John Grigsby, Tom Nicholas and Stefanie Stantcheva
This paper studies the effect of corporate and personal taxes on innovation in the United States over the twentieth century. We build a panel of the universe of inventors who patent since 1920, and a historical state-level corporate tax database with corporate tax...
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- 2021
- Working Paper
The Diffusion of Disruptive Technologies
By: Nicholas Bloom, Tarek A. Hassan, Aakash Kalyani, Josh Lerner and Ahmed Tahoun
We identify novel technologies using textual analysis of patents, job postings, and earnings calls. Our approach enables us to identify and document the diffusion of 29 disruptive technologies across firms and labor markets in the U.S. Five stylized facts emerge from...
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- January 2021
- Case
Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited (A)
By: David J. Collis, Nobuo Sato and Akiko Kanno
This case follows Christophe Weber, President and CEO of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, a leading pharmaceutical company headquartered in Tokyo, Japan, as Takeda considers acquiring Shire Plc, a biotech company based in Ireland. The acquisition would turn...
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- January 2021
- Supplement
Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited (B)
By: David J. Collis, Nobuo Sato and Akiko Kanno
This case is a follow up to HBS Case No. 721-373, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited (A). Following the events of the previous case, Takeda reached an agreement to acquire Ireland-based Shire Plc. The case follows some of the achievements and challenges Takeda and...
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- 2020
- Working Paper
Short-Termism, Shareholder Payouts, and Investment in the EU
By: Jesse M. Fried and Charles C.Y. Wang
Investor-driven “short-termism” is said to harm EU public firms' ability to invest for the long term, prompting calls for the EU to better insulate managers from shareholder pressure. But the evidence offered—in the form of rising levels of repurchases and dividends—is...
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- June 21, 2019
- Article
Government-Funded Research Increasingly Fuels Innovation
By: Lee Fleming, Hillary Greene, Guan-Cheng Li, Matt Marx and Dennis Yao
- Summer, 2018
- Article
Innovation, Reallocation and Growth
By: Daron Acemoglu, Ufuk Akcigit, Harun Alp, Nicholas Bloom and William R. Kerr
We build a model of firm-level innovation, productivity growth, and reallocation featuring endogenous entry and exit. A new and central economic force is the selection between high- and low-type firms, which differ in terms of their innovative capacity. We estimate the...
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- March 2018
- Case
X: The Foghorn Decision
In February 2016, Kathy Hannun--a project leader at X, Alphabet Inc.'s so-called "moonshot factory--had to prepare a recommendation for the senior leadership of X regarding the future of Foghorn, a project she was leading to develop a carbon-neutral process for...
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Keywords:
Innovation;
R＆D Project Management;
Radical Innovation;
Clean Technology;
Innovation and Management;
Technological Innovation;
Energy;
Research and Development;
Projects;
Management;
Decision Choices and Conditions;
Technology Industry;
Energy Industry;
Green Technology Industry;
California
- Article
Lessons From Hollywood: A New Approach To Funding R&D
By: Gary P. Pisano and Andrew W. Lo
Companies find it increasingly difficult to justify long-term, risky R&D investments—particularly in science-based fields such as biotechnology, advanced materials, and energy. We argue in this article that the traditional venture model has limits for such investments...
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- December 2016 (Revised December 2018)
- Case
From Start-Up to Grown-Up Nation: The Future of the Israeli Innovation Ecosystem
By: Elie Ofek and Margot Eiran
In June 2016, Benjamin (Bibi) Netanyahu, Prime Minister of Israel, wrestled with how to sustain Israel’s strong innovation track record and the country’s reputation as the “startup nation.” Despite the economic miracle the country had wrought since its founding, he...
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Keywords:
Israel;
Israeli Start-up Nation;
Innovation Economy;
Entrepreneurial Mindset;
Scaling-up;
Unicorns;
Innovation Clusters;
High-tech;
Innovation Management;
Multinational Corporation R＆D Centers;
Social Equality;
Two-tier Economy;
Liberalizing An Economy;
Foreign Investment;
Military Service;
Quality Of Human Capital;
Socioeconomic Gaps;
Labor Force Participation;
Government Initiatives;
Innovation and Management;
Entrepreneurship;
Venture Capital;
Business Startups;
Government and Politics;
Economy;
Equality and Inequality;
Education;
Resource Allocation;
Globalization;
Israel
- November 2016
- Case
Anthony Starks at InSiL Therapeutics (A)
By: Gary Pisano and Vicki Sato
When Bruce Wayne hired Anthony Starks, he thought he had hit a home run by getting the most brilliant and passionate scientist-leader in the field to be his CSO. But a few months in, Wayne and Starks begin to clash over crucial forward-looking decisions about the...
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- November 2016 (Revised December 2016)
- Supplement
Anthony Starks at InSiL Therapeutics (B)
By: Vicki Sato and Gary Pisano
This case accompanies the (A) case from Anthony Starks's perspective.
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- November 2016
- Case
Transformation at Eli Lilly & Co. (A)
By: William R. Kerr and Alexis Brownell
Faced with the imminent loss of 40% of its revenues due to patent expirations, pharma giant Eli Lilly sets out on a dramatic transformation process in 2009. The case considers how Lilly restructured the organization into business areas to aid better decision-making,...
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- January 2016 (Revised January 2019)
- Case
The Allergan Board Under Fire (A)
By: Lynn S. Paine, Suraj Srinivasan, John C. Coates and David Lane
In 2014, the Allergan Inc. board of directors received a surprise takeover offer from Valeant Pharmaceuticals in alliance with hedge fund activist Bill Ackman's Pershing Square Capital Management. In the unprecedented arrangement between an acquirer and a hedge fund...
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Keywords:
Allergan, Inc.;
Valeant;
Ackman;
Pershing Square;
Tender Offer;
Activist Investors;
Business Models;
R＆D;
Board Of Directors;
Securities Litigation;
Acquisition Strategy;
Takeover Defenses;
Hedge Funds;
Shareholder Rights;
Proxy Contest;
Shareholder Special Meetings;
Legal Issues In Contested Takeovers;
Governing and Advisory Boards;
Mergers and Acquisitions;
Corporate Governance;
Management Teams;
Business and Shareholder Relations;
Pharmaceutical Industry
- January 2016 (Revised January 2019)
- Supplement
The Allergan Board Under Fire (B)
By: Lynn S. Paine, Suraj Srinivasan, John C. Coates and David Lane
In 2014, the Allergan Inc. board of directors received a surprise takeover offer from Valeant Pharmaceuticals in alliance with hedge fund activist Bill Ackman's Pershing Square Capital Management. In the unprecedented arrangement between an acquirer and a hedge fund...
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Keywords:
Allergan, Inc.;
Valeant;
Ackman;
Pershing Square;
Tender Offer;
Activist Investors;
Business Models;
R＆D;
Board Of Directors;
Securities Litigation;
Acquisition Strategy;
Takeover Defenses;
Hedge Funds;
Shareholder Rights;
Proxy Contest;
Shareholder Special Meetings;
Legal Issues In Contested Takeovers;
Corporate Governance;
Investment Activism;
Business and Stakeholder Relations;
Business Model;
Business and Shareholder Relations;
Valuation;
Pharmaceutical Industry
- October 2015
- Article
Managing the Performance Tradeoffs from Partner Integration: Implications of Contract Choice in R&D Projects
By: Alan MacCormack and Anant Mishra
Formal contracts represent an important governance instrument with which firms exercise control of and compensate partners in R&D projects. The specific type of contract used, however, can vary significantly across projects. In some, firms govern partnering...
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- February 2015
- Case
TouchTunes and the Connected Digital Jukebox Platform
By: Alan MacCormack and Noah Fisher
The case describes innovation and new product development at TouchTunes, the leader in the Digital Jukebox market. In March 2013, after releasing its innovative "Virtuo" jukebox developed in collaboration with frog design, TouchTunes was at a crossroads. Having...
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- January 2015
- Article
Collaboration in Multi-Partner R&D Projects: The Impact of Partnering Scale and Scope
By: Anant Mishra, Aravind Chandrasekaran and Alan MacCormack
How can firms design collaboration structures for effective performance in R&D projects that involve multiple partners? To address this question, we examine the theoretical underpinnings of collaboration structures in multi-partner R&D projects—i.e., the scale and the...
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- 2015
- Working Paper
Scale and Innovation During Two U.S. Breakthrough Eras
By: Tom Nicholas
The relationship between scale and innovation is central to R&D-based growth. This paper uncovers new empirical evidence using comprehensive data on U.S. R&D firms active during the interwar and post-WWII eras. Variability in the nature of innovation is shown to be a...
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- Article
Did Bank Distress Stifle Innovation During the Great Depression?
By: Ramana Nanda and Tom Nicholas
We find a negative relationship between bank distress and the level, quality, and trajectory of firm-level innovation during the Great Depression, particularly for R&D firms operating in capital intensive industries. However, we also show that because a sufficient...
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