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    • All HBS Web  (40)
      • Faculty Publications  (33)

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      • February 2022
      • Article

      Taxation and Innovation in the 20th Century

      By: Ufuk Akcigit, John Grigsby, Tom Nicholas and Stefanie Stantcheva
      This paper studies the effect of corporate and personal taxes on innovation in the United States over the twentieth century. We build a panel of the universe of inventors who patent since 1920, and a historical state-level corporate tax database with corporate tax...  View Details
      Keywords: Innovation; Income Taxes; Corporate Taxation; Firms; Inventors; State Taxation; Business Taxation; R&D Tax Credits; Taxation; Innovation and Invention; History; United States
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      Akcigit, Ufuk, John Grigsby, Tom Nicholas, and Stefanie Stantcheva. "Taxation and Innovation in the 20th Century." Quarterly Journal of Economics 137, no. 1 (February 2022): 329–385.
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      The Diffusion of Disruptive Technologies

      By: Nicholas Bloom, Tarek A. Hassan, Aakash Kalyani, Josh Lerner and Ahmed Tahoun
      We identify novel technologies using textual analysis of patents, job postings, and earnings calls. Our approach enables us to identify and document the diffusion of 29 disruptive technologies across firms and labor markets in the U.S. Five stylized facts emerge from...  View Details
      Keywords: Technology; Geography; Innovation; R&D; Information Technology; Disruptive Innovation; Geographic Location; Employment; Innovation and Invention; Research and Development
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      Bloom, Nicholas, Tarek A. Hassan, Aakash Kalyani, Josh Lerner, and Ahmed Tahoun. "The Diffusion of Disruptive Technologies." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-144, June 2021.
      • January 2021
      • Case

      Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited (A)

      By: David J. Collis, Nobuo Sato and Akiko Kanno
      This case follows Christophe Weber, President and CEO of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, a leading pharmaceutical company headquartered in Tokyo, Japan, as Takeda considers acquiring Shire Plc, a biotech company based in Ireland. The acquisition would turn...  View Details
      Keywords: Pharmaceutical Companies; Pharmaceuticals; Biotech; Biotechnology; M&A; Mergers & Acquisitions; R&D; Talent Management; Mergers and Acquisitions; Globalization; Management; Global Strategy; Talent and Talent Management; Pharmaceutical Industry; Biotechnology Industry; Japan; Asia
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      Collis, David J., Nobuo Sato, and Akiko Kanno. "Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited (A)." Harvard Business School Case 721-373, January 2021.
      • January 2021
      • Supplement

      Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited (B)

      By: David J. Collis, Nobuo Sato and Akiko Kanno
      This case is a follow up to HBS Case No. 721-373, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited (A). Following the events of the previous case, Takeda reached an agreement to acquire Ireland-based Shire Plc. The case follows some of the achievements and challenges Takeda and...  View Details
      Keywords: Pharmaceutical Companies; Pharmaceuticals; M&A; Mergers & Acquisitions; Biotech; Biotechnology; R&D; Talent Management; Mergers and Acquisitions; Globalization; Global Strategy; Talent and Talent Management; Strategy; Biotechnology Industry; Pharmaceutical Industry; Japan; Asia
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      Collis, David J., Nobuo Sato, and Akiko Kanno. "Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 721-374, January 2021.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Short-Termism, Shareholder Payouts, and Investment in the EU

      By: Jesse M. Fried and Charles C.Y. Wang
      Investor-driven “short-termism” is said to harm EU public firms' ability to invest for the long term, prompting calls for the EU to better insulate managers from shareholder pressure. But the evidence offered—in the form of rising levels of repurchases and dividends—is...  View Details
      Keywords: Short-termism; Quarterly Capitalism; EU; Dividends; Equity Issuances; Equity Compensastion; Capital Flows; Capital Distribution; R&D; Innovation; Investment; Corporate Governance; Investment Return; Acquisition; European Union
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      Fried, Jesse M., and Charles C.Y. Wang. "Short-Termism, Shareholder Payouts, and Investment in the EU." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-054, October 2020.
      • June 21, 2019
      • Article

      Government-Funded Research Increasingly Fuels Innovation

      By: Lee Fleming, Hillary Greene, Guan-Cheng Li, Matt Marx and Dennis Yao
      Keywords: Innovation; R&D; Patents
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      Fleming, Lee, Hillary Greene, Guan-Cheng Li, Matt Marx, and Dennis Yao. "Government-Funded Research Increasingly Fuels Innovation." Science 364, no. 6646 (June 21, 2019): 1139–1141.
      • Summer, 2018
      • Article

      Innovation, Reallocation and Growth

      By: Daron Acemoglu, Ufuk Akcigit, Harun Alp, Nicholas Bloom and William R. Kerr
      We build a model of firm-level innovation, productivity growth, and reallocation featuring endogenous entry and exit. A new and central economic force is the selection between high- and low-type firms, which differ in terms of their innovative capacity. We estimate the...  View Details
      Keywords: Entry; Growth; Industrial Policy; Innovation; R&D; Reallocation; Selection; Market Entry and Exit; Growth and Development; Innovation and Invention; Research and Development; Performance Productivity
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      Acemoglu, Daron, Ufuk Akcigit, Harun Alp, Nicholas Bloom, and William R. Kerr. "Innovation, Reallocation and Growth." American Economic Review 108, no. 11 (November 2018): 3450–3491.
      • March 2018
      • Case

      X: The Foghorn Decision

      By: Robert S. Huckman, Karim R. Lakhani and Kyle R. Myers
      In February 2016, Kathy Hannun--a project leader at X, Alphabet Inc.'s so-called "moonshot factory--had to prepare a recommendation for the senior leadership of X regarding the future of Foghorn, a project she was leading to develop a carbon-neutral process for...  View Details
      Keywords: Innovation; R&D Project Management; Radical Innovation; Clean Technology; Innovation and Management; Technological Innovation; Energy; Research and Development; Projects; Management; Decision Choices and Conditions; Technology Industry; Energy Industry; Green Technology Industry; California
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      Huckman, Robert S., Karim R. Lakhani, and Kyle R. Myers. "X: The Foghorn Decision." Harvard Business School Case 618-060, March 2018.
      • Article

      Lessons From Hollywood: A New Approach To Funding R&D

      By: Gary P. Pisano and Andrew W. Lo
      Companies find it increasingly difficult to justify long-term, risky R&D investments—particularly in science-based fields such as biotechnology, advanced materials, and energy. We argue in this article that the traditional venture model has limits for such investments...  View Details
      Keywords: Financial Innovation; Financial Strategy; Project Management; R&D; Start-up; Innovation Strategy; Business Model; Research and Development; Financial Management; Risk Management; Strategy
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      Pisano, Gary P., and Andrew W. Lo. "Lessons From Hollywood: A New Approach To Funding R&D." MIT Sloan Management Review 57, no. 2 (Winter 2016): 47–54.
      • December 2016 (Revised December 2018)
      • Case

      From Start-Up to Grown-Up Nation: The Future of the Israeli Innovation Ecosystem

      By: Elie Ofek and Margot Eiran
      In June 2016, Benjamin (Bibi) Netanyahu, Prime Minister of Israel, wrestled with how to sustain Israel’s strong innovation track record and the country’s reputation as the “startup nation.” Despite the economic miracle the country had wrought since its founding, he...  View Details
      Keywords: Israel; Israeli Start-up Nation; Innovation Economy; Entrepreneurial Mindset; Scaling-up; Unicorns; Innovation Clusters; High-tech; Innovation Management; Multinational Corporation R&D Centers; Social Equality; Two-tier Economy; Liberalizing An Economy; Foreign Investment; Military Service; Quality Of Human Capital; Socioeconomic Gaps; Labor Force Participation; Government Initiatives; Innovation and Management; Entrepreneurship; Venture Capital; Business Startups; Government and Politics; Economy; Equality and Inequality; Education; Resource Allocation; Globalization; Israel
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      Ofek, Elie, and Margot Eiran. "From Start-Up to Grown-Up Nation: The Future of the Israeli Innovation Ecosystem." Harvard Business School Case 517-066, December 2016. (Revised December 2018.)
      • November 2016
      • Case

      Anthony Starks at InSiL Therapeutics (A)

      By: Gary Pisano and Vicki Sato
      When Bruce Wayne hired Anthony Starks, he thought he had hit a home run by getting the most brilliant and passionate scientist-leader in the field to be his CSO. But a few months in, Wayne and Starks begin to clash over crucial forward-looking decisions about the...  View Details
      Keywords: Biotech; Silicon; Managing Innovation; Management Challenges; Managing People; Managing Organization; R&D; R&D Project Management; Platform; Venture Capital; Drug Discovery; management; Biotechnology Industry; California
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      Pisano, Gary, and Vicki Sato. "Anthony Starks at InSiL Therapeutics (A)." Harvard Business School Case 617-029, November 2016.
      • November 2016 (Revised December 2016)
      • Supplement

      Anthony Starks at InSiL Therapeutics (B)

      By: Vicki Sato and Gary Pisano
      This case accompanies the (A) case from Anthony Starks's perspective.  View Details
      Keywords: Biotech; Management Challenges; R&D; R&D Project Management; Management; Biotechnology Industry; California
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      Sato, Vicki, and Gary Pisano. "Anthony Starks at InSiL Therapeutics (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 617-030, November 2016. (Revised December 2016.)
      • November 2016
      • Case

      Transformation at Eli Lilly & Co. (A)

      By: William R. Kerr and Alexis Brownell
      Faced with the imminent loss of 40% of its revenues due to patent expirations, pharma giant Eli Lilly sets out on a dramatic transformation process in 2009. The case considers how Lilly restructured the organization into business areas to aid better decision-making,...  View Details
      Keywords: Eli Lilly; Restructuring; R&D; Transformation; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Organizational Structure; Pharmaceutical Industry; Indianapolis
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      Kerr, William R., and Alexis Brownell. "Transformation at Eli Lilly & Co. (A)." Harvard Business School Case 817-070, November 2016.
      • January 2016 (Revised January 2019)
      • Case

      The Allergan Board Under Fire (A)

      By: Lynn S. Paine, Suraj Srinivasan, John C. Coates and David Lane
      In 2014, the Allergan Inc. board of directors received a surprise takeover offer from Valeant Pharmaceuticals in alliance with hedge fund activist Bill Ackman's Pershing Square Capital Management. In the unprecedented arrangement between an acquirer and a hedge fund...  View Details
      Keywords: Allergan, Inc.; Valeant; Ackman; Pershing Square; Tender Offer; Activist Investors; Business Models; R&D; Board Of Directors; Securities Litigation; Acquisition Strategy; Takeover Defenses; Hedge Funds; Shareholder Rights; Proxy Contest; Shareholder Special Meetings; Legal Issues In Contested Takeovers; Governing and Advisory Boards; Mergers and Acquisitions; Corporate Governance; Management Teams; Business and Shareholder Relations; Pharmaceutical Industry
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      Paine, Lynn S., Suraj Srinivasan, John C. Coates, and David Lane. "The Allergan Board Under Fire (A)." Harvard Business School Case 316-010, January 2016. (Revised January 2019.)
      • January 2016 (Revised January 2019)
      • Supplement

      The Allergan Board Under Fire (B)

      By: Lynn S. Paine, Suraj Srinivasan, John C. Coates and David Lane
      In 2014, the Allergan Inc. board of directors received a surprise takeover offer from Valeant Pharmaceuticals in alliance with hedge fund activist Bill Ackman's Pershing Square Capital Management. In the unprecedented arrangement between an acquirer and a hedge fund...  View Details
      Keywords: Allergan, Inc.; Valeant; Ackman; Pershing Square; Tender Offer; Activist Investors; Business Models; R&D; Board Of Directors; Securities Litigation; Acquisition Strategy; Takeover Defenses; Hedge Funds; Shareholder Rights; Proxy Contest; Shareholder Special Meetings; Legal Issues In Contested Takeovers; Corporate Governance; Investment Activism; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Business Model; Business and Shareholder Relations; Valuation; Pharmaceutical Industry
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      Paine, Lynn S., Suraj Srinivasan, John C. Coates, and David Lane. "The Allergan Board Under Fire (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 316-029, January 2016. (Revised January 2019.)
      • October 2015
      • Article

      Managing the Performance Tradeoffs from Partner Integration: Implications of Contract Choice in R&D Projects

      By: Alan MacCormack and Anant Mishra
      Formal contracts represent an important governance instrument with which firms exercise control of and compensate partners in R&D projects. The specific type of contract used, however, can vary significantly across projects. In some, firms govern partnering...  View Details
      Keywords: ""Partner Integration; Contract Choice; R&D Project Management; Relational Contracts; Partnering Performance; Research and Development; Projects; Partners and Partnerships; Performance; Contracts
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      MacCormack, Alan, and Anant Mishra. "Managing the Performance Tradeoffs from Partner Integration: Implications of Contract Choice in R&D Projects." Production and Operations Management 24, no. 10 (October 2015): 1552–1569.
      • February 2015
      • Case

      TouchTunes and the Connected Digital Jukebox Platform

      By: Alan MacCormack and Noah Fisher
      The case describes innovation and new product development at TouchTunes, the leader in the Digital Jukebox market. In March 2013, after releasing its innovative "Virtuo" jukebox developed in collaboration with frog design, TouchTunes was at a crossroads. Having...  View Details
      Keywords: Innovation; Design; R&D; Outsourcing; Platform Strategy; Digital Media; Digital Platforms; Growth and Development Strategy; Innovation and Invention; Product Development; Music Industry
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      MacCormack, Alan, and Noah Fisher. "TouchTunes and the Connected Digital Jukebox Platform." Harvard Business School Case 615-051, February 2015.
      • January 2015
      • Article

      Collaboration in Multi-Partner R&D Projects: The Impact of Partnering Scale and Scope

      By: Anant Mishra, Aravind Chandrasekaran and Alan MacCormack
      How can firms design collaboration structures for effective performance in R&D projects that involve multiple partners? To address this question, we examine the theoretical underpinnings of collaboration structures in multi-partner R&D projects—i.e., the scale and the...  View Details
      Keywords: Multi-Partner R&D Projects; Empirical Research; New Development; Collaboration Structures; Partnering Scale And Scope; Partners and Partnerships; Infrastructure; Performance Capacity; Research and Development; Collaborative Innovation and Invention
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      Mishra, Anant, Aravind Chandrasekaran, and Alan MacCormack. "Collaboration in Multi-Partner R&D Projects: The Impact of Partnering Scale and Scope." Journal of Operations Management 33-34 (January 2015): 1–14.
      • 2015
      • Working Paper

      Scale and Innovation During Two U.S. Breakthrough Eras

      By: Tom Nicholas
      The relationship between scale and innovation is central to R&D-based growth. This paper uncovers new empirical evidence using comprehensive data on U.S. R&D firms active during the interwar and post-WWII eras. Variability in the nature of innovation is shown to be a...  View Details
      Keywords: R&D; Scale; Innovation; Size; Research and Development; Innovation and Invention
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      Nicholas, Tom. "Scale and Innovation During Two U.S. Breakthrough Eras." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 15-038, November 2014. (Revised October 2015.)
      • Article

      Did Bank Distress Stifle Innovation During the Great Depression?

      By: Ramana Nanda and Tom Nicholas
      We find a negative relationship between bank distress and the level, quality, and trajectory of firm-level innovation during the Great Depression, particularly for R&D firms operating in capital intensive industries. However, we also show that because a sufficient...  View Details
      Keywords: Great Depression; R&D; Bank Distress; Patents; Research and Development; Financial Crisis; Banks and Banking; Innovation and Invention; Banking Industry; United States
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      Nanda, Ramana, and Tom Nicholas. "Did Bank Distress Stifle Innovation During the Great Depression?" Journal of Financial Economics 114, no. 2 (November 2014): 273–292.
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