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- October 1991 (Revised November 1993)
- Case
Play Time Toy Co.
By: Thomas R. Piper
The president of a toy company is considering the adoption of level production in a business characterized by highly seasonal sales. The issues include balancing the cost savings and the inventory risk, estimating the seasonal financing need, and determining the...
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Keywords:
Production;
Cost Management;
Banks and Banking;
Sales;
Goods and Commodities;
Financial Management;
Risk Management;
Entertainment and Recreation Industry
Piper, Thomas R. "Play Time Toy Co." Harvard Business School Case 292-003, October 1991. (Revised November 1993.)
- September 1991 (Revised August 1994)
- Background Note
Note on Pharmaceutical Industry Regulation
Traces the evolution of U.S. regulatory policy towards the pharmaceutical industry over the course of the twentieth century. A major theme is the steady shift away from a policy of 'let the buyer beware' to the creation of a complex and time-consuming review process,...
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Keywords:
Safety;
Industry Growth;
Marketing;
Research and Development;
Health Testing and Trials;
Economics;
Pharmaceutical Industry;
United States
Emmons, Willis M., III. "Note on Pharmaceutical Industry Regulation." Harvard Business School Background Note 792-002, September 1991. (Revised August 1994.)
- September 1991 (Revised December 1991)
- Case
G. Heileman Brewing Co. (A): Power Failure At PowerMaster
In June 1991, Heileman announced plans to introduce a high-alcohol malt liquor under the name PowerMaster (PM). Although the company claimed PM would be positioned as an upscale product and marketed on the basis of its superior taste, minority advocates and alcohol...
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Keywords:
Advertising Campaigns;
Ethics;
Lawfulness;
Brands and Branding;
Product Positioning;
Demand and Consumers;
Market Entry and Exit;
Food and Beverage Industry
Greyser, Stephen A. "G. Heileman Brewing Co. (A): Power Failure At PowerMaster." Harvard Business School Case 592-017, September 1991. (Revised December 1991.)
- fall 1991
- Article
Restoring Credibility to Retail Pricing
By: G. K. Ortmeyer, J. A. Quelch and W. J. Salmon
Ortmeyer, G. K., J. A. Quelch, and W. J. Salmon. "Restoring Credibility to Retail Pricing." MIT Sloan Management Review 33, no. 1 (fall 1991): 55–66.
- August 1991
- Article
Sources of Superior Performance: Market Share versus Industry Effects in the U.S. Brewing Industry
By: C. A. Montgomery and B. Wernerfelt
Montgomery, C. A., and B. Wernerfelt. "Sources of Superior Performance: Market Share versus Industry Effects in the U.S. Brewing Industry." Management Science 37, no. 8 (August 1991): 954–959.
- summer 1991
- Article
Estimating Heterogeneity in Consumers' Purchase Rates
By: Sunil Gupta and Donald G. Morrison
Gupta, Sunil, and Donald G. Morrison. "Estimating Heterogeneity in Consumers' Purchase Rates." Marketing Science 10 (summer 1991): 264–269.
- June 1991 (Revised December 1997)
- Case
Takeover of the Norton Co., The
By: Thomas R. Piper
After a decade of mediocre performance, the Norton Co. enters 1990 with the prospect of increased sales in the next few years. Yet Norton is pursuing slow growth industries, and a lower than expected earnings announcement at the beginning of 1990 has depressed earnings...
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Keywords:
Mergers and Acquisitions;
Business Conglomerates;
Goals and Objectives;
Forecasting and Prediction;
Performance Evaluation;
Revenue;
Bids and Bidding;
Business Processes;
Ownership Stake
Piper, Thomas R. "Takeover of the Norton Co., The ." Harvard Business School Case 291-002, June 1991. (Revised December 1997.)
- May 1991 (Revised October 1993)
- Case
Collision Course in Commercial Aircraft: Boeing-Airbus-McDonnell Douglas--1991 (A)
By: David B. Yoffie
Describes the competitive situation that has arisen in the commercial aircraft manufacturing industry since Airbus entered in 1970. Having overtaken McDonnell Douglas for second place, Airbus announces plans to challenge market leader Boeing's last pocket of dominance....
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Keywords:
Transition;
Trade;
Ethics;
Investment;
Problems and Challenges;
Business and Government Relations;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Sales;
Competitive Strategy;
Technology Adoption;
Air Transportation Industry;
Manufacturing Industry
Yoffie, David B. "Collision Course in Commercial Aircraft: Boeing-Airbus-McDonnell Douglas--1991 (A)." Harvard Business School Case 391-106, May 1991. (Revised October 1993.)
- April 1991 (Revised March 2017)
- Teaching Note
Mary Kay Cosmetics: Sales Force Incentives (A) and (B)
By: Robert Simons
Teaching Note for (9-190-103) and (9-190-122).
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- spring 1991
- Article
Breaking the Cycle of Failure in Services
By: Leonard A. Schlesinger and James Heskett
Most managers recognize that good service is a direct result of having effective, productive people in customer contact positions. However, most service companies perpetuate a cycle of failure by tolerating high turnover and expecting employee dissatisfaction. This...
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Keywords:
Goals and Objectives;
Service Delivery;
Success;
Failure;
Management Skills;
Service Industry
Schlesinger, Leonard A., and James Heskett. "Breaking the Cycle of Failure in Services." MIT Sloan Management Review 32, no. 3 (spring 1991): 17–28.
- February 1991
- Article
Stochastic Models of Interpurchase Time with Time-Dependent Covariates
By: Sunil Gupta
Gupta, Sunil. "Stochastic Models of Interpurchase Time with Time-Dependent Covariates." Journal of Marketing Research (JMR) 28 (February 1991): 1–15.
- January 1991 (Revised February 1991)
- Teaching Note
Hewlett-Packard (A) and (B): Organizing New Product Sales Channels, Teaching Note
- January 1991 (Revised March 2010)
- Case
Westchester Distributing, Inc. (A)
By: Robert L. Simons and Robert Boxwell
Focuses on the three-way interaction among internal controls, employee behavior, and incentives. Salesmen are illegally providing kickbacks to customers of this beer-distribution firm. In turn, salesmen are reimbursing themselves by filing fraudulent expense reports....
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Keywords:
Financial Reporting;
Crime and Corruption;
Corporate Governance;
Governance Controls;
Salesforce Management;
Behavior;
Motivation and Incentives;
Distribution Industry;
Food and Beverage Industry
Simons, Robert L., and Robert Boxwell. "Westchester Distributing, Inc. (A)." Harvard Business School Case 191-118, January 1991. (Revised March 2010.)
- November 1990
- Article
Manufacturer Trade Deals and Retail Price Promotions
By: R. Lal
Lal, R. "Manufacturer Trade Deals and Retail Price Promotions." Journal of Marketing Research (JMR) (November 1990).
- September 1990 (Revised January 1992)
- Case
Procter & Gamble Japan (A)
Ten years after entering Japan, P&G had accumulated over $250 million in operating losses on declining annual sales of $120 million by 1983. The decision facing the president of P&G International: exit, retrench or rebuild the operation? Ironically, the initial entry...
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Keywords:
Restructuring;
Change Management;
Profit;
Market Entry and Exit;
Market Participation;
Sales;
Competition;
Technology;
Beauty and Cosmetics Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Japan
Yoshino, Michael Y. "Procter & Gamble Japan (A)." Harvard Business School Case 391-003, September 1990. (Revised January 1992.)
- fall 1990
- Article
A Preface to Payment: Designing a Sales Compensation Plan
Cespedes, Frank V. "A Preface to Payment: Designing a Sales Compensation Plan." MIT Sloan Management Review 32, no. 1 (fall 1990): 59–69.
- July 1990 (Revised October 1999)
- Case
Nordstrom: Dissension in the Ranks? (A)
By: Robert L. Simons and Hilary Weston
In 1989, the performance measurement systems and compensation policies of Nordstrom Department Stores unexpectedly came under attack by employees, unions, and government regulators. The case describes the "sales-per-hour" monitoring and compensation system that many...
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Keywords:
Performance Consistency;
Performance Evaluation;
Compensation and Benefits;
Motivation and Incentives;
Labor Unions;
Salesforce Management;
Retention;
Growth and Development;
Industrial Products Industry;
Utilities Industry
Simons, Robert L., and Hilary Weston. "Nordstrom: Dissension in the Ranks? (A)." Harvard Business School Case 191-002, July 1990. (Revised October 1999.)
- May 1990 (Revised October 1993)
- Case
Cooper Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Traces the 12-year career of a pharmaceutical salesperson, Bob Marsh, from recruitment to termination. Mr. Marsh has had an uneven career with Cooper Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (CPI) and, after a probationary period, is asked to resign. Following his termination, a number...
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Keywords:
Decision Making;
Resignation and Termination;
Personal Development and Career;
Problems and Challenges;
Core Relationships
Cespedes, Frank V. "Cooper Pharmaceuticals, Inc." Harvard Business School Case 590-111, May 1990. (Revised October 1993.)
- Article
Can Sales Promotion Go Global?
By: Kamran Kashani and John A. Quelch
Kashani, Kamran, and John A. Quelch. "Can Sales Promotion Go Global?" Business Horizons 33, no. 3 (May–June 1990): 37–43.
- April 1990 (Revised November 1992)
- Case
Population Services International: The Social Marketing Project in Bangladesh (Abridged)
By: James E. Austin
Population Services International (PSI) was a not-for-profit agency founded to disseminate family planning information and to market birth control products, primarily in less developed countries seeking to curb their population explosions. In 1976, PSI concluded an...
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Keywords:
Conferences;
Developing Countries and Economies;
Information Publishing;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Marketing Strategy;
Social Marketing;
Agreements and Arrangements;
Product;
Nonprofit Organizations;
Pharmaceutical Industry;
Bangladesh;
Washington (state, US)
Austin, James E. "Population Services International: The Social Marketing Project in Bangladesh (Abridged)." Harvard Business School Case 590-061, April 1990. (Revised November 1992.)